The 'Skyfall' Waterfall, Glen Etive, Glencoe, Scotland

Sorry if the title gives you an 'earworm' but just came to mind as being so obvious!

 

I shouldn't tempt fate but seem to be on a bit of a roll with the upload page here loading 'properly'.

 

Back to my productive January trip to Glencoe.

 

Fuelled by a hearty breakfast at the Kingshouse Hotel I decided I’d set off in the tyre tracks of James Bond’s DB7 in Skyfall to THE waterfall. I’d shot it before but wasn’t happy with the images I’d got and having watched a Karl Griffin YT video I thought I’d give it another go.

This time instead of getting down near the water I stayed a bit higher but shot more towards the bridge and what I think is Stob Dubh (883m). I played around with various shutter speeds, focus stacking, bracketing, vertical panos and various combinations of them. Typically though I was just finishing up when the sun popped out so I quickly took some single image shots at f/16 and ISO 50 to get the slowest shutter speed I could. The light on Stob Dubh(?) meant that this had more interest for me that the other attempts. Typical but at least it cut down on editing time!

I’m sure my YT ‘journey’ is typical of many Togs. I initially regularly watched a lot of the big names but after a couple of years I’m increasingly looking at those made by the slightly lesser profile names who spend a lot of time in the places I’m visiting. I’ll give a big shout-out to Cliff Hands who is happy to provide Wah3Words details for many of his locations. I do find it hypocritical when the ‘big names’ tell you to research locations on Google maps and Google earth and other places people post images but then try to keep the locations secret when they shoot.

 

© All rights reserved to Steve Pellatt. Please do not use this image on websites, blogs or any other media without my explicit written permission.

 

Just Madness-- I tell you...how I love this place.., for me,

it's beauty is beyond words. Special

Thanks to the dork_poet for bring me closer to understanding life in this valley.

Well, Steve Turner, Glacier, Jeeves and I made it. Sadly, Famous Amos didn't live long enough to make this final stretch of our journey. All 48 bags were consumed prior to entering the Subway. We were joined in Zion by Kevin McNeal and Adrian Klein, my photography mentors, for the final push. I'm posting this image first because this place was the inspiration for this trip. It's going to be a long, slow crawl back into all your photostreams, and I am looking forward to catching up with my Flickr buddies over the next few weeks, but I'm headed out again to the coast in the morning for a little family time with the Turner's... don't tell anyone we are going to try to go shooting again :) I debated how to talk about the trip; one huge write up now, or sections as I go. My memory is short and feeble, so I'll mix the two. Overall comments now, and details as more images come along over the coming weeks. You CERTAINLY don't have to read through these if you aren't interested; it just provides a journal for me to remember this whole experience by.

  

First of all, let me tell you that Steve Turner is one of the coolest cats the world has ever known. I've never taken a photo trip before, so I didn't really know what to expect. 8 days on the road with the guy, and I can't think of one single second when I wasn't having a good time. I only met Steve about 5 months ago, but it feels like I've known him at least 6. :) Day 1, first light, and Steve came to pick me up in Jeeves, his Land Rover. Trouble was, there was something in the passenger seat already. Turns out to be a stuffed goat, or sheep, or big-horned something (everything looks like a cow to me) with instructions taped to his butt for his care. I wouldn't exactly say that those instructions were followed to a T, but he DID get In-and-Out Burger a few times.... and I'm SURE he ate some of our cookies, because they went fast. A couple of interesting facts about Steve. He's not really good at merging. All you folks that insisted that Steve drive (Megan!) should know that Steve has an uncanny knack for perfectly matching the speed of the truck that is right next to us when the lane ends. The highlight of my trip though was the morning we were out shooting and I was summoned to help Steve figure out what had gone wrong with his camera. The images were all coming out dark regardless of the shutter speed. I walked over and readied myself for finding some discreet menu function that had been unwittingly changed. Removing the lenscap for him helped immeasurably. More on the roadtrip during future postings.

 

Let me just say that it was great having Kevin and Adrian along on this hike. It's not the easiest place to get to, and it was awesome having some extra company on what turned out to be an epic day from sunrise to sunset. The experience is not devoid of frustration, however. We encountered quite a few photographers out and about, and when we would happen upon them and names were exchanged, the common reaction from those folks to discovering who we were was: Eyes light up. Tell Kevin and Adrian that they are famous and they've been admiring their work for a long time. Look at me excitedly and ask for name. Give name. Blank stare in return. Say "Anyway", and go back to asking Kevin and Adrian questions and shower them with praise. I actually began introducing myself as "I'm Nobody", which didn't seem to phase anyone in the least.

 

Anyway, there is nothing unique about this shot of the Subway. That thing has been photographed to death, but I LOVED being there and getting to see it for myself. What a trip. Oh, PS? That IS ice hanging on the wall in the tube. True story.

 

Special thanks to Justin Reznick and Dene' Miles (Seattle Miles) for all the GREAT help and advice. You were toasted early and often.

I guess I'm not supposed to put my website address here, so it's in My Profile if anyone cares.

I waited until my drive back out of the park to hike up to this rock feature. This is one of the most popular places to visit in the park and it has a pretty good parking area to accomodate the people. It was later in the day when I was here and I didn't have any trouble finding a parking spot here.

 

The trail leading up to Balanced Rock is pretty flat with a slight climb in elevation. It circles Balanced Rock and you can get views of it views of it from every angle. The rock on top is made up of stronger and denser material than the base that it is sitting on. Eventually the base will erode away, and the rock will fall. Make sure you stop here when you visit Arches and take the short hike.

One of my adventures I was looking forward to this summer was coming to Ward Lake. I was really surprised to see that the Creek Fire from last year had attacked this area also. This location is over 50 miles away from where the Creek Fire started. Most of the campground area was Ok, but it did burn down our outhouse that was next to our camp site.

 

The fire seemed to have drawn a few bear into this area looking for food. All of their berries were burned up and I think food has been scarce for them this year. Its a little unnerving to have a bear creeping around your campsite looking for food in the middle of the night. We are careful with our food and we didn't have a any trouble other than losing some sleep. We were really sad to see so much of the forest burned up, but we did see a lot of sign where the forest is growing again. Keep on clicking!

One of the peaks at Sunshine Village Ski Area, in Banff National Park.

 

One thing I'll say for Canadian Rockies skiing - you can get in as much trouble as you want... Sunshine has in-bounds areas where an avalanche transceiver, shovel, and probe are required.

 

Last week a guy ducked the ropes and climbed to the summit, hoping to ski off the back (west) side, looking for fresh powder. Permanently closed area. Cornice under him collapsed, and he fell 1800 ft., triggering a class 2 avalanche in the process.

 

SteveD.

 

The Distinguished Gentelman next to me is my friend Steve Orel. Soon to be the late Steve Orel. We grew up together and he is dying of colon cancer. And the world will be a poorer place for that. He is the founder of a place called World of Opportunity that is helping people in his community to get their GED's and obtain skills to get jobs and retain their dignity. He did this in response to the Birmingham Schools kicking out kids to raise their test scores. Pushing marginal youth onto the garbage heap to make the schools look better. Well while the adminstrators and school boards carried out their shameful deeds Steve fought back and was fired for his troubles. But what he ended up doing was transforming an adult education program into one of the more succesful alternative schools in the country. He was an anti Klan organizer, union organizer and all round amazing person. And he was my friend. I speak of him in past tense as he is already in the grip of sister morphine and is rapidly approaching his death which he has decided to do as the pain and agony of surgery grew too burdensome to him. I will miss this guy. We were the three stooges minus one.

 

7:23 a.m. He is gone...

W. H. Auden

 

Stop all the clocks, cut off the telephone,

Prevent the dog from barking with a juicy bone,

Silence the pianos and with muffled drum

Bring out the coffin, let the mourners come.

 

Let aeroplanes circle moaning overhead

Scribbling on the sky the message He Is Dead,

Put crepe bows round the white necks of the public doves,

Let the traffic policemen wear black cotton gloves.

 

He was my North, my South, my East and West,

My working week and my Sunday rest,

My noon, my midnight, my talk, my song;

I thought that love would last for ever: I was wrong.

 

The stars are not wanted now: put out every one;

Pack up the moon and dismantle the sun;

Pour away the ocean and sweep up the wood.

For nothing now can ever come to any good.

  

Nikon F100

50mm Nikkor f/1.4

Fomapan 100

Rodinal 1:50 @ 8.5 mins

 

A little spring cleaning in preparation for a trip, combined with testing out a Nikon F100 kindly gifted at Christmas.

The trouble with laying out all my gear is that it gives Steve a chance to eyeball candidates for resale.

He calls me a hoarder.

Name calling seems inappropriate at his age.

3 shot HDR.

I was having another look through my images from this trip to Howick,when i came across 3 bracketed shots i had taken.

It was interesting to see the difference between a single raw file and 3 shots put through photomatix.To be quite honest i prefer the previous non-hdr shots.Apart from giving a slight colour enhancement,i dont feel it lends a great deal more.The sky was so good anyway that hdr wasn't needed.Still its good to stop my photomatix skills from rusting up. :)

The first photograph I posted showed the impressive steam cloud as UP 4014 climbed out of the shallow Navasota River valley.

 

This photo shows a more oblique view of Big Boy and gives you a little better idea of the size of the engine which is huge.

 

Do you see the "Big Boy" written in chalk just underneath and slightly to the left of the bell? That is part of the story about how these massive engines got their name. Supposedly, a worker at the steam shop wrote that on one of the engines as it left the shop.

 

I like to think it was due to all the troubles that these engines caused: almost too big for the roundhouses and the turntables. Everything was jumbo sized, taxing the lifts and cranes. In addition, putting the two halves of the engine together must have been extra trouble.

 

As a result, I like to think the worker chalked that name on it more as an expression of relief that it was leaving the steam shop than pride in massive size.

 

Here are some links if you would like to know more about the Big Boys:

www.up.com/heritage/steam/4014/index.htm

 

Here is an interview with someone you might recognize from this photo:

www.youtube.com/watch?v=S-y_-nXHDqw

 

That is Mr. Ed Dickens Jr., the lead of the UP Heritage Steam Team and the Engineer dressed in blue in this photo.

 

Finally, this reminded me of one of my favorite songs from many years ago. These are the lyrics from Steve Fromholz, a Texas Songwriter, who wrote a trio of songs called Texas Trilogy:

 

...Well I remember me and brother

Used to run down to the depot

Just to listen to the whistle blow

When the train pulled into Kopperl

 

And the engine big and shiny

Black as coal that fed the fire

And the engineer he'd smile and say:

"Howdy, how ya fellas".

 

And the people by the windows

Playin cards and readin papers

Looked as far away to us as

Next summer school vacation...

  

D0A1035

A light in the black

Or just a fear of the dark

 

I am a man who walks alone

When I'm walking a dark road

At night or strolling through the park

 

When the light begins to fade

I sometimes feel a little strange

A little anxious when it's dark

 

Fear of the dark, fear of the dark

I have a constant fear that something's always near

Fear of the dark, you, fear of the dark

I have a phobia that someone's always there

 

Have you run your fingers down the wall

And have you felt your neck skin crawl

When you're searching for the light?

 

Sometimes when you're scared to take a look

At the corner of the room

You've sensed that something's watching you

 

Fear of the dark, fear of the dark

I have constant fear that something's always near

Fear of the dark, fear of the dark

I have a phobia that someone's always there

 

Have you ever been alone at night

Thought you heard footsteps behind

And turned around and no one's there?

 

And as you quicken up your pace

You find it hard to look again

Because you're sure there's someone there

 

Fear of the dark, fear of the dark

I have constant fear that something's always near

Fear of the dark, fear of the dark

I have a phobia that someone's always there

 

Fear of the dark, fear of the dark

Fear of the dark, fear of the dark

Fear of the dark, fear of the dark

Fear of the dark, fear of the dark

 

Watching horror films the night before

Debating witches and folklore

The unknown troubles on your mind

And though your mind is playing tricks

You sense and suddenly eyes fix

On dancing shadows from behind

 

Fear of the dark, fear of the dark

I have a constant fear that something's always near

Fear of the dark, fear of the dark

I have a phobia that someone's always there

 

Fear of the dark, fear of the dark

I have a constant fear that something's always near

Fear of the dark, fear of the dark

I have a phobia that someone's always there

 

When I'm walking a dark road

I am a man who walks alone

 

"Fear of the Dark" is a song by British heavy metal band Iron Maiden. Written by Steve Harris, the band's bass player and primary songwriter, it serves as the title track to Iron Maiden's 1992 album Fear of the Dark. The single "Fear of the Dark (live)" is the 26th single released by the band.

 

Styling card :

 

Tattoo : DAPPA - Xenomorph Tattoo.

maps.secondlife.com/secondlife/Domain/116/111/23

 

Hairbase : [MR] Takeru Hairbase for EVOX Head

Actually at ALPHA Event : maps.secondlife.com/secondlife/ACCESS%203/130/96/1002

 

Facial tattoo : [MR] Bruised and Scars 5 for EVOX Head

maps.secondlife.com/secondlife/Nuvoletta/206/239/2003

 

Eyes : AG. Zombie Eyes

maps.secondlife.com/secondlife/Hell%20Fire/183/190/23

 

Accessories:

 

BROKEN ARROWS - Bjorn Scythe - Blood

maps.secondlife.com/secondlife/AM%20corporate/93/77/1527

 

Badwolf - Axel Armbands

maps.secondlife.com/secondlife/Demon/47/80/27

 

#SCHOEN - Kranz Earrings for Evox

maps.secondlife.com/secondlife/Algira/223/162/34

  

Romanian postcard by Casa Filmului Acin, no. 33102.

 

French actor of Spanish origin ,b>Louis de Funès (1914 – 1983) was one of the giants of French comedy alongside André Bourvil and Fernandel. In many of his over 130 films, he portrayed a humorously excitable, cranky man with a propensity to hyperactivity, bad faith, and uncontrolled fits of anger. Along with his short height (1.63 m) and his facial contortions, this hyperactivity produced a highly comic effect, especially opposite Bourvil, who always played calm, slightly naive, good-humored men.

 

Louis de Funès (French pronunciation: [lwi də fynɛs]) was born Louis Germain David de Funès de Galarza in Courbevoie, France in 1914. His father, Carlos Luis de Funès de Galarza had been a lawyer in Seville, Spain, but became a diamond cutter upon arriving in France. His mother, Leonor Soto Reguera was of Spanish and Portuguese extraction. Since the couple's families opposed their marriage, they settled in France in 1904. Known to friends and intimates as ‘Fufu’, the young de Funès was fond of drawing and piano playing and spoke French, Spanish and English well. He studied at the prestigious Lycée Condorcet in Paris. He showed a penchant for tomfoolery, something which caused him trouble at school and later made it hard for him to hold down a job. He became a pianist, working mostly as a jazz pianist at Pigalle, the famous red-light district. There he made his customers laugh each time he made a grimace. He studied acting for one year at the Simon acting school. It proved to be a waste of time except for his meeting with actor Daniel Gélin, who would become a close friend. In 1936, he married Germaine Louise Elodie Carroyer with whom he had a son, Daniel (1937). In 1942, they divorced. During the occupation of Paris in the Second World War, he continued his piano studies at a music school, where he fell in love with a secretary, Jeanne Barthelémy de Maupassant, a grandniece of the famous author Guy de Maupassant. They married in 1943 and remained together for forty years, until de Funès' death in 1983. The pair had two sons: Patrick (1944) and Olivier (1947). Patrick became a doctor who now practices in Saint-Germain en Laye. Olivier was an actor for a while, known for the son roles in his father's films, including Le Grand Restaurant/The Big Restaurant (1966, Jacques Besnard), Fantômas se déchaine/Fantomas Strikes Back (1965, André Hunebelle) starring Jean Marais, Les Grandes Vacances/The Big Vacation (1967, Jean Girault), and Hibernatus (1969, Edouard Molinaro) with Claude Gensac as De Funès’ wife, a role she played in many of his films. Olivier later worked as an aviator for Air France Europe.

 

Through the early 1940's, Louis de Funès continued playing piano at clubs, thinking there wasn't much call for a short, balding, skinny actor. His wife and Daniel Gélin encouraged him to overcome his fear of rejection. De Funès began his show business career in the theatre, where he enjoyed moderate success. At the age of 31, thanks to his contact with Daniel Gélin, he made his film debut with an uncredited bit part as a porter in La Tentation de Barbizon/The Temptation of Barbizon (1945, Jean Stelli) starring Simone Renant. For the next ten years, de Funès would appear in fifty films, but always in minor roles, usually as an extra, scarcely noticed by the audience. Sometimes he had a supporting part such as in the Fernandel comedy Boniface somnambule/The Sleepwalker (1951, Maurice Labro) and the comedy-drama La vie d'un honnête homme/The Virtuous Scoundrel (1953, Sacha Guitry) starring Michel Simon. In the meanwhile he pursued a theatrical career. Even after he attained the status of film star, he continued to play theatre. His stage career culminated in a magnificent performance in the play Oscar, a role which he would later reprise in the film version of 1967. During this period, De Funès developed a pattern of daily activities: in the morning he did dubbing for recognized artists such as Renato Rascel and the Italian comic Totò, during the afternoon he worked in film, and in the theater in the evening. A break came when he appeared as the black-market pork butcher Jambier (another small role) in the well-known WWII comedy, La Traversée de Paris/ Four Bags Full (1956, Claude Autant-Lara) starring Jean Gabin and Bourvil. In his next film, the mediocre comedy Comme un cheveu sur la soupe/ Crazy in the Noodle (1957, Maurice Régamey), De Funès finally played the leading role. More interesting was Ni vu, ni connu/Neither Seen Nor Recognized (1958, Yves Robert). He achieved stardom with the comedy Pouic-Pouic (1963, Jean Girault) opposite Mireille Darc. This success film guaranteed de Funès top billing in all of his subsequent films.

 

Between 1964 and 1979, Louis de Funès topped France's box-office of the year's most successful films seven times. At the age of 49, De Funès unexpectedly became a superstar with the international success of two films. Fantômas (1964, André Hunebelle) was France's own answer to the James Bond frenzy and lead to a trilogy co-starring Jean Marais and Mylène Demongeot. The second success was the crime comedy Le gendarme de Saint-Tropez/The Gendarme of St. Tropez (1964, Jean Girault) with Michel Galabru. After their first successful collaboration on Pouic-Pouic, director Girault had perceived de Funès as the ideal actor to play the part of the accident prone gendarme. The film lead to a series of six 'Gendarme' films. De Funès's collaboration with director Gérard Oury produced a memorable tandem of de Funès with Bourvil, another great comic actor, in Le Corniaud/The Sucker (1964, Gérard Oury). The successful partnership was repeated two years later in La Grande Vadrouille/Don't Look Now - We're Being Shot At (1966, Gérard Oury), one of the most successful and the largest grossing film ever made in France, drawing an audience of 17,27 million. It remains his greatest success. Oury envisaged a further reunion of the two comics in his historical comedy La Folie des grandeurs/Delusions of Grandeur (1970, Gérard Oury), but Bourvil's death in 1970 led to the unlikely pairing of de Funès with Yves Montand in this film. Very succesful, even in the USA, was Les aventures de Rabbi Jacob/The Mad Adventures of Rabbi Jacob (1973, Gérard Oury) with Suzy Delair. De Funès played a bigoted Frenchman who finds himself forced to impersonate a popular rabbi while on the run from a group of assassins. In 1975, Oury had scheduled to make Le Crocodile/The Crocodile with de Funès as a South American dictator, but in March 1975, the actor was hospitalized for heart problems and forced to take a rest from acting. The Crocodile project was canceled.

 

After his recovery, Louis de Funès collaborated with Claude Zidi, in a departure from his usual image. Zidi wrote for him L'aile ou la cuisse/The Wing and the Thigh (1976, Claude Zidi), opposite Coluche as his son. He played a well-known gourmet and publisher of a famous restaurant guide, who is waging a war against fast food entrepreneur. It was a new character full of nuances and frankness and arguably the best of his roles. In 1980, de Funès realised a long-standing dream to make a film version of Molière's play, L'Avare/The Miser (1980, Louis de Funès, Jean Girault). In 1982, De Funès made his final film, Le Gendarme et les gendarmettes/Never Play Clever Again (1982, Tony Aboyantz, Jean Girault). Unlike the characters he played, de Funès was said to be a very shy person in real life. He became a knight of France's Légion d'honneur in 1973. He resided in the Château de Clermont, a 17th-century monument, located in the commune of Le Cellier, which is situated near Nantes in France. In his later years, he suffered from a heart condition after having suffered a heart attack caused by straining himself too much with his stage antics. Louis de Funès died of a massive stroke in 1983, a few months after making Le Gendarme et les gendarmettes. He was laid to rest in the Cimetière du Cellier, the cemetery situated in the grounds of the château. Films de France: “Although fame was a long time coming, Louis de Funès is regarded today as not just a great comic actor with an unfaltering ability to make his audience laugh, but practically an institution in his own right. His many films bear testimony to the extent of his comic genius and demonstrate the tragedy that he never earned the international recognition that he certainly deserved.”

 

Sources: Steve Shelokhonov (IMDb), Films de France, Wikipedia and IMDb.

A scene from travel in 2017 when flights out of Atlanta were delayed and canceled. The hallways were filled with stranded passengers. A couple of weeks later the same airport had a power outage which lead to even more troubles.

 

These folks picked one of the most relaxing areas in the terminal with the sounds of a forest and rain with the dimmed lights and canopy of the art installation by Steve Waldeck called 'Flight Paths'.

 

(and having a much better day than on this trip!)

Wolfgang Suschitzky, BSC (29 August 1912 – 7 October 2016), was an Austrian-born British documentary photographer, as well as a cinematographer perhaps best known for his collaboration with Paul Rotha in the 1940s and his work on Mike Hodges' 1971 film Get Carter.

 

Andrew Pulver described Suschitzky in 2007 as "a living link to the prewar glory days of the British documentary movement."[3] Steve Chibnall writes that Suschitzky "[developed] a reputation as an expert location photographer with a documentarist's ability to extract atmosphere from naturalistic settings."[4] His photographs have been exhibited at the National Gallery, the Austrian Cultural Forum in London and the Photographers' Gallery, and appear in many international photography collections. He was the father of cinematographer Peter Suschitzky (born 1941), classical musician and writer Misha Donat, and Julia Donat.[5]

 

Early life

Suschitzky was born in Vienna, Austria-Hungary. His father was a Viennese social democrat of Jewish origin, but had renounced his faith in 1908 and become an atheist, or "konfessionslos". He opened the first social democratic bookshop in Vienna (later to become a publisher), and Suschitzky was born in the apartment above the bookshop. His sister was photographer Edith Tudor-Hart (1908–1973). Suschitzky said of his father "he was a great man. I realised that later on in life, not so much when I saw him every day. But, I met interesting people, some of his authors who came and had lunch with us or met people who came to his shop."[6] In an interview at the age of 95 in September 2007, Suschitzky recalled boyhood memories of the excitement that greeted the Russian Revolution in 1917.[7] As he was brought up with no faith, he remembered the envy of his friends that he was allowed to miss religious classes and sit outside reading a book and described himself as "a very naughty boy. We played all sorts of tricks with… my chums in the park, every afternoon." He was often in trouble at home and at school.[8] On the advice of the counsellor for education of Vienna, his father sent him to a day boarding school to learn some discipline. However he continued to be mischievous and was often detained at school.

 

Suschitzky's first love was zoology, but he realised he could not make a living in Austria in this discipline, so instead, influenced by his sister, he studied photography at the Höhere Graphische Bundes-Lehr- und Versuchsanstalt.[9] At this time, the political climate in Austria was changing from a Socialist Democracy to Austrofascism. Being a Socialist and of Jewish origin, Suschitzky decided there was no future for him in Austria and in 1934 left for London where his sister lived; while he was in London his father committed suicide. Suschitzky married a Dutch woman, Helena Wilhelmina Maria Elisabeth (Puck) Voûte in Hampstead and they moved to the Netherlands. His wife left him after a year, which he said "was great luck because had I stayed there, I wouldn’t be alive anymore, I'm sure."[10] He returned to England in 1935, and in 1939 married Ilona Donath, with whom he had three children.

 

Career

Suschitzky's first job was in the Netherlands photographing postcards for newsagents. This job lasted only a few months.[10] He travelled to England in 1935 and became a film cameraman[3] for Paul Rotha, with whom he had a long working relationship. Their work during the war included World of Plenty (1943) and government-sponsored information shorts and magazine programmes. With Rotha he graduated to feature films, working on No Resting Place (1951), which was one of the first British feature films shot entirely on location. The film was nominated for a BAFTA Award for Best Film in 1952. He then photographed Colin Lesslie's production, the comedy The Oracle (1953), followed by another Rotha film, Cat & Mouse (1958). He also worked on Jack Clayton's short film The Bespoke Overcoat which won an Oscar for "Best Short Subject, Two-reel" at the 1956 Oscars.[11] He also took a photograph of the writer C. S. Lewis in approximately 1959.

 

In the 1960s, Suschitzky work included Joseph Strick's adaptation of James Joyce's Ulysses (1967) and Hammer Film Productions' Vengeance of She (Cliff Owen, 1968). He also photographed the British crime film The Small World of Sammy Lee (1963), directed by Ken Hughes. This film proved influential to screenwriter Mike Hodges, with whom Suschitzky worked on Get Carter (1971).[12] His last film before photographing Get Carter was the adaptation of Joe Orton's Entertaining Mr. Sloane (1970) directed by Douglas Hickox.[11]

 

His other credits include two films directed by Jack Couffer, Ring of Bright Water (1969) and Living Free (1972), which was the sequel to Born Free. Issue 12 of Lid magazine featured a twenty-eight-page portfolio of Suschitzky's photographs with a portrait and essay by Gerard Malanga.[13] His son Peter Suschitzky ASC/BSC is also a cinematographer. Wolf (or Su, as he is also known) is featured in the book Conversations with Cinematographers by David A Ellis (Scarecrow Press).

 

Photography

For Suschitzky, who was described as having "social conscience of a documentarian and the eye of a german expressionist",[14] the depiction of work and working people occupies a central place in his photographic oeuvre.,[15] documentary photography consisted in the sympathetic-commentary depiction of social conditions: "The photo document is the reflection of the contemporary scene and represents in its best form subtle photographic comment on social conditions, rather than direct social propaganda",[16] Suschitzky said. At the beginning of his career, he photographed classic commissioned works for magazines such as Picture Post, Illustrated, Animal and Zoo or Geographic Magazine;[17] later, his photographs were largely taken alongside his work as a cameraman. Characteristic of his photographic work is that it is often not possible to clearly distinguish between his fields of activity, that he often used film and photo camera almost simultaneously, which can lead to special aesthetic effects, such as motifs existing several times in different contexts or documentary photography being created on the fringes of cinematic productions, as Peter Schreiner puts it:

 

"Suschitzky's Photographs "are difficult to ascribe to a particular photographic genre. On the one hand, they represent vivid records that provide an account of what are now historical contexts, of traditional craft and of heavy industrial production, but above all of social relationships within a restless world. On the other, they themselves are the products of a particular context of production. The fact that they were taken either on the periphery or at the very heart of (documentary) film sets [...] is also an essential characteristic that contributes to Wolf Suschitzky's distinctive blend of naturalistic and staged moments."[18]

 

His photographic estate is largely housed in the FOTOHOF archiv...Wikipedia

Sun Valley, CA

 

Here is District Manager Stacy Walters leaving the yard to switch a truck out with one of his drivers, Gustavo, out in the West Valley. We got all the route information to try and find this truck, however, we had some car troubles that set us back a couple hours. Oh well! All in all a terrific day and quite an adventure!

 

Stacy Walters is quite a guy. He's been in the industry his whole life and has known Steve Lee since they were in high school. Stacy's family owned a garbage company that GI bought out and after that, Stacy was the district manager at GI for many years before going to Blue Barrel and then Sun Valley. Sometimes, Stacy still drives front load when things are busy at Sun Valley, which is awesome. His dad, Gary Walters, still works at GI. Last month, Stacy celebrated 30 years with the company.

Spider-Man is a superhero appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics. Created by writer-editor Stan Lee and artist Steve Ditko, he first appeared in the anthology comic book Amazing Fantasy #15 (August 1962) in the Silver Age of Comic Books. He has been featured in comic books, television shows, films, video games, novels, and plays.

 

Spider-Man's secret identity is Peter Benjamin Parker, a teenage high school student and an orphan raised by his Aunt May and Uncle Ben in New York City after his parents Richard and Mary Parker died in a plane crash.

 

Lee and Ditko had the character deal with the struggles of adolescence and financial issues and gave him many supporting characters, such as Flash Thompson, J. Jonah Jameson, and Harry Osborn; romantic interests Gwen Stacy, Mary Jane Watson, and the Black Cat; and enemies such as the Green Goblin, Doctor Octopus, and Venom.

 

In his origin story, Spider-Man gets his superhuman spider-powers and abilities after being bitten by a radioactive spider; these include superhuman strength, agility, reflexes, stamina, durability, coordination, and balance, clinging to surfaces and ceilings like a spider, and detecting danger with his precognition ability called "spider-sense".

 

He also builds wrist-mounted "web-shooter" devices that shoot artificial spider-webs of his own design, which are used both for fighting and for web-swinging across the city.

 

Peter Parker originally used his powers for his own personal gain, but after his Uncle Ben was killed by a thief that Peter did not stop, he began to use his powers to fight crime by becoming the superhero known as Spider-Man.

 

When Spider-Man first appeared in the early 1960s, teenagers in superhero comic books were usually relegated to the role of sidekick to the protagonist. The Spider-Man comic series broke ground by featuring Peter Parker, a high school student from Queens, New York, as Spider-Man's secret identity, whose "self-obsessions with rejection, inadequacy, and loneliness" were issues to which young readers could relate.

 

While Spider-Man had all the makings of a sidekick, unlike previous teen heroes such as Bucky and Robin, Spider-Man had no superhero mentor like Captain America and Batman; he had learned the lesson for himself that "with great power comes great responsibility" — a line included in a text box in the final panel of the first Spider-Man's origin story but later retroactively attributed to the late Uncle Ben Parker.

 

Marvel has featured Spider-Man in several comic book series, the first and longest-lasting of which is The Amazing Spider-Man.

 

Over the years, the Peter Parker character developed from a shy, nerdy New York City high school student to a troubled but outgoing college student, to a married high school teacher to, in the late 2000s, a single freelance photographer. In the 2000s, he joins the Avengers.

 

Doctor Octopus also took on the identity for a story arc spanning 2012–2014, following a body swap plot in which Peter appears to die.

 

Marvel has also published comic books featuring alternate versions of Spider-Man, including Spider-Man 2099, which features the adventures of Miguel O'Hara, the Spider-Man of the future; Ultimate Spider-Man, which features the adventures of a teenage Peter Parker in the alternate universe; and then Ultimate Comics: Spider-Man, which depicts a teenager named Miles Morales who takes up the mantle of Spider-Man after Ultimate Peter Parker's apparent death.

 

Miles later became a superhero in his own right and was brought into mainstream continuity, where he sometimes works alongside Peter.

 

Spider-Man is one of the most popular and commercially successful superheroes. He has appeared in countless forms of media, including several animated TV series including the first original animated series Spider-Man with Paul Soles voicing Spider-Man, a live-action television series, syndicated newspaper comic strips, and multiple series of films. Spider-Man was first portrayed in live-action by Danny Seagren in Spidey Super Stories, a recurring skit on The Electric Company from 1974 to 1977.

 

In live-action films, Spider-Man has been portrayed by actors Tobey Maguire in Sam Raimi's Spider-Man trilogy, by Andrew Garfield in two films directed by Marc Webb, and in the Marvel Cinematic Universe by Tom Holland. Reeve Carney starred originally as Spider-Man in the 2010 Broadway musical Spider-Man: Turn Off the Dark.

 

Spider-Man was also been voiced by Jake Johnson and Chris Pine in the animated film Spider-Man: Into the Spider-Verse. Spider-Man has been well-received as a superhero and comic book character, and he is often ranked as one of the most popular and iconic comic book superheroes of all time and one of the most popular characters in all fiction.

 

Creation and Development

 

In 1962, with the success of the Fantastic Four, Marvel Comics editor and head writer Stan Lee was casting for a new superhero idea. He said the idea for Spider-Man arose from a surge in teenage demand for comic books and the desire to create a character with whom teens could identify. 

 

As with Fantastic Four, Lee saw Spider-Man as an opportunity to "get out of his system" what he felt was missing in comic books.

 

In his autobiography, Lee cites the non-superhuman pulp magazine crime fighter the Spider as a great influence, and in a multitude of print and video interviews, Lee stated he was further inspired by seeing a spider climb up a wall—adding in his autobiography that he has told that story so often he has become unsure of whether or not this is true.

 

Besides the name, the Spider was wanted by both the law and the criminal underworld (a defining theme of Spider-Man's early years), and had through years of ceaseless struggle developed a "sixth sense" which warns him of danger, the apparent inspiration for Spider-Man's "spider-sense".

 

Although at the time teenage superheroes were usually given names ending with "boy", Lee says he chose "Spider-Man" because he wanted the character to age as the series progressed, and felt the name "Spider-Boy" would have made the character sound inferior to other superheroes. He also decided to insert a hyphen in the name, as he felt it looked too similar to Superman, another superhero with a red and blue costume that starts with an "S" and ends with "man" (although artist Steve Ditko intended the character to have an orange and purple costume).

 

At that time Lee had to get only the consent of Marvel publisher Martin Goodman for the character's approval. In a 1986 interview, Lee described in detail his arguments to overcome Goodman's objections.

 

Goodman eventually agreed to a Spider-Man tryout in what Lee, in numerous interviews, recalled as what would be the final issue of the science-fiction and supernatural anthology series Amazing Adult Fantasy, which was renamed Amazing Fantasy for that single issue, #15 (cover-dated August 1962, on sale June 5, 1962).

 

In particular, Lee stated that the fact that it had already been decided that Amazing Fantasy would be canceled after issue #15 was the only reason Goodman allowed him to use Spider-Man. While this was indeed the final issue, its editorial page anticipated the comic continuing and that "The Spiderman [sic] ... will appear every month in Amazing."

 

Regardless, Lee received Goodman's approval for the name Spider-Man and the "ordinary teen" concept and approached artist Jack Kirby.

 

As comics historian Greg Theakston recounts, Kirby told Lee about an unpublished character on which he had collaborated with Joe Simon in the 1950s, in which an orphaned boy living with an old couple finds a magic ring that granted him superhuman powers.

 

Lee and Kirby "immediately sat down for a story conference," Theakston writes, and Lee afterward directed Kirby to flesh out the character and draw some pages. Steve Ditko would be the inker. When Kirby showed Lee the first six pages, Lee recalled, "I hated the way he was doing it! Not that he did it badly—it just wasn't the character I wanted; it was too heroic".  Lee turned to Ditko, who developed a visual style Lee found satisfactory. Ditko recalled:

 

One of the first things I did was to work up a costume. A vital, visual part of the character. I had to know how he looked ... before I did any breakdowns. For example: A clinging power so he wouldn't have hard shoes or boots, a hidden wrist-shooter versus a web gun and holster, etc. ... I wasn't sure Stan would like the idea of covering the character's face but I did it because it hid an obviously boyish face. It would also add mystery to the character...

 

Although the interior artwork was by Ditko alone, Lee rejected Ditko's cover art and commissioned Kirby to pencil a cover that Ditko inked. As Lee explained in 2010, "I think I had Jack sketch out a cover for it because I always had a lot of confidence in Jack's covers."

 

In an early recollection of the character's creation, Ditko described his and Lee's contributions in a mail interview with Gary Martin published in Comic Fan #2 (Summer 1965): "Stan Lee thought the name up. I did costume, web gimmick on wrist & spider signal."

 

At the time, Ditko shared a Manhattan studio with noted fetish artist Eric Stanton, an art-school classmate who, in a 1988 interview with Theakston, recalled that although his contribution to Spider-Man was "almost nil", he and Ditko had "worked on storyboards together and I added a few ideas. But the whole thing was created by Steve on his own... I think I added the business about the webs coming out of his hands."

 

Ditko claimed in a rare interview with Jonathan Ross that the costume was initially envisioned with an orange and purple color scheme rather than the more famous red and blue.

 

Amazing Fantasy #15 (Aug. 1962) first introduced the character. It was a gateway to commercial success for the superhero and inspired the launch of The Amazing Spider-Man comic book. Cover art by penciller Jack Kirby and inker Steve Ditko

 

Kirby later said the idea for Spider-Man had originated with Kirby and Joe Simon, who in the 1950s had developed a character called the Silver Spider for the Crestwood Publications comic Black Magic, who was subsequently not used.

 

Simon, in his 1990 autobiography, disputed Kirby's account, asserting that Black Magic was not a factor and that he (Simon) devised the name "Spider-Man" (later changed to "The Silver Spider"), while Kirby outlined the character's story and powers. Simon later elaborated that his and Kirby's character conception became the basis for Simon's Archie Comics superhero, the Fly.

 

Artist Steve Ditko stated that Lee liked the name Hawkman from DC Comics, and that "Spider-Man" was an outgrowth of that interest.

 

Simon concurred that Kirby had shown the original Spider-Man version to Lee, who liked the idea and assigned Kirby to draw sample pages of the new character but disliked the results—in Simon's description, "Captain America with cobwebs".

 

Neither Lee's nor Kirby's explanation explains why key story elements like the magic ring were dropped; Evanier states that the most plausible explanation for the sudden change was that Goodman, or one of his assistants, decided that Spider-Man, as drawn and envisioned by Kirby, was too similar to the Fly.

 

Author and Ditko scholar Blake Bell writes that it was Ditko who noted the similarities to the Fly. Ditko recalled that "Stan called Jack about the Fly", adding that "days later, Stan told me I would be penciling the story panel breakdowns from Stan's synopsis."

 

It was at this point that the nature of the strip changed. "Out went the magic ring, adult Spider-Man and whatever legend ideas that Spider-Man story would have contained."

 

Lee gave Ditko the premise of a teenager bitten by a spider and developing powers, a premise Ditko would expand upon.

 

Lee, while given credit for the initial idea, has acknowledged Ditko's role, stating, "If Steve wants to be called co-creator, I think he deserves [it]". He has further commented that Ditko's costume design was key to the character's success; since the costume completely covers Spider-Man's body, people of all races could visualize themselves inside the costume and thus more easily identify with the character.

 

Commercial Success

 

A few months after Spider-Man's introduction, publisher Goodman reviewed the sales figures for that issue and was shocked to find it was one of the nascent Marvel's highest-selling comics.

 

A solo ongoing series followed, beginning with The Amazing Spider-Man #1 (cover-dated March 1963). The title eventually became Marvel's top-selling series  with the character swiftly becoming a cultural icon; a 1965 Esquire poll of college campuses found that college students ranked Spider-Man and fellow Marvel hero the Hulk alongside Bob Dylan and Che Guevara as their favorite revolutionary icons.

 

One interviewee selected Spider-Man because he was "beset by woes, money problems, and the question of existence. In short, he is one of us."

 

Following Ditko's departure after issue #38 (July 1966), John Romita Sr. replaced him as penciller and would draw the series for the next several years. In 1968, Romita would also draw the character's extra-length stories in the comics magazine The Spectacular Spider-Man, a proto-graphic novel designed to appeal to older readers. It only lasted for two issues, but it represented the first Spider-Man spin-off publication, aside from the original series' summer Annuals that began in 1964.

 

An early 1970s Spider-Man story ultimately led to the revision of the Comics Code. Previously, the Code forbade the depiction of the use of illegal drugs, even negatively.

 

However, in 1970, the Nixon administration's Department of Health, Education, and Welfare asked Stan Lee to publish an anti-drug message in one of Marvel's top-selling titles.  Lee chose the top-selling The Amazing Spider-Man. Issues #96–98 (May–July 1971) feature a story arc depicting the negative effects of drug use.

 

In the story, Peter Parker's friend Harry Osborn becomes addicted to pills. When Spider-Man fights the Green Goblin (Norman Osborn, Harry's father), Spider-Man defeats him by revealing Harry's drug addiction. While the story had a clear anti-drug message, the Comics Code Authority refused to issue its seal of approval.

 

Marvel nevertheless published the three issues without the Comics Code Authority's approval or seal. The issues sold so well that the industry's self-censorship was undercut and the Code was subsequently revised.

 

In 1972, a second monthly ongoing series starring Spider-Man began: Marvel Team-Up, in which Spider-Man was paired with other superheroes and supervillains.

 

From that point on, there have generally been at least two ongoing Spider-Man series at any time. In 1976, his second solo series, Peter Parker, the Spectacular Spider-Man began running parallel to the main series.

 

A third series featuring Spider-Man, Web of Spider-Man, launched in 1985 to replace Marvel Team-Up. The launch of a fourth monthly title in 1990, the "adjectiveless" Spider-Man (with the storyline "Torment"), written and drawn by popular artist Todd McFarlane, debuted with several different covers, all with the same interior content. The various versions combined sold over 3 million copies, an industry record at the time.

 

Several miniseries, one-shot issues, and loosely related comics have also been published, and Spider-Man makes frequent cameos and guest appearances in other comic book series. In 1996, The Sensational Spider-Man was created to replace Web of Spider-Man.

 

In 1998 writer-artist John Byrne revamped the origin of Spider-Man in the 13-issue limited series Spider-Man: Chapter One (Dec. 1998 – Oct. 1999), similar to Byrne's adding details and some revisions to Superman's origin in DC Comics' The Man of Steel.

 

At the same time, the original The Amazing Spider-Man was ended with issue #441 (Nov. 1998), and The Amazing Spider-Man was restarted with vol. 2, #1 (Jan. 1999). In 2003, Marvel reintroduced the original numbering for The Amazing Spider-Man and what would have been vol. 2, #59 became issue #500 (Dec. 2003).

 

When the primary series The Amazing Spider-Man reached issue #545 (Dec. 2007), Marvel dropped its spin-off ongoing series and instead began publishing The Amazing Spider-Man three times monthly, beginning with #546–548 (all January 2008).

 

The three times-monthly scheduling of The Amazing Spider-Man lasted until November 2010, when the comic book was increased from 22 pages to 30 pages each issue and published only twice a month, beginning with #648–649 (both November 2010).

 

The following year, Marvel launched Avenging Spider-Man as the first spin-off ongoing series in addition to the still-twice monthly The Amazing Spider-Man since the previous ones were canceled at the end of 2007.

 

The Amazing series temporarily ended with issue #700 in December 2012 and was replaced by The Superior Spider-Man, which had Doctor Octopus serve as the new Spider-Man, his mind having taken over Peter Parker's body. Superior was an enormous commercial success for Marvel, and ran for 31 issues before the real Peter Parker returned in a newly relaunched The Amazing Spider-Man #1 in April 2014.

 

Following the 2015 Secret Wars crossover event, a number of Spider-Man-related titles were either relaunched or created as part of the "All-New, All-Different Marvel" event. Among them, The Amazing Spider-Man was relaunched as well and primarily focuses on Peter Parker continuing to run Parker Industries and becoming a successful businessman who is operating worldwide.

 

Fictional character biography

 

Early years.

 

In Forest Hills, Queens, New York City, Midtown High School student Peter Benjamin Parker is a science-whiz orphan living with his Uncle Ben and Aunt May.

 

As depicted in Amazing Fantasy #15 (Aug. 1962), he is bitten by a radioactive spider (erroneously classified as an insect in the panel) at a science exhibit and "acquires the agility and proportionate strength of an arachnid".

 

Along with heightened athletic abilities, Parker gains the ability to adhere to walls and ceilings. Through his knack for science, he develops a gadget that lets him fire adhesive webbing of his own design through small, wrist-mounted barrels.

 

Initially seeking to capitalize on his new abilities, Parker dons a costume and, as "Spider-Man", becomes a novelty television star. However, "He blithely ignores the chance to stop a fleeing thief, [and] his indifference ironically catches up with him when the same criminal later robs and kills his Uncle Ben." Spider-Man tracks and subdues the killer and learns, in the story's next-to-last caption, "With great power there must also come—great responsibility!"

 

In The Amazing Spider-Man; issue #1 (March 1963), despite his superpowers, Peter struggles to help his widowed Aunt May pay the rent, is taunted by Flash, and as Spider-Man, he continues fighting crime and saving the city, but his heroic deeds engender the editorial wrath of newspaper publisher of the Daily Bugle, J. Jonah Jameson, who holds a grudge against Spider-Man, continues making false statements about Spider-Man despite his heroism.

 

Peter gets hired as a freelance photographer by Mr. Jameson to take pictures of Spider-Man, but Jameson is unaware that Spider-Man is Peter Parker.

 

Spider-Man fights his enemies including superpowered and non-superpowered supervillains - his arch-enemy and nemesis called the Green Goblin, and then Doctor Octopus, Sandman, Chameleon, Lizard, Vulture, Kraven the Hunter, Electro, and Mysterio, defeating them one by one - but Peter finds juggling his personal life and costumed adventures difficult.

 

In time, Peter graduates from high school and enrolls at Empire State University (a fictional institution evoking the real-life Columbia University and New York University), where he meets roommate and best friend Harry Osborn and girlfriend Gwen Stacy, and Aunt May introduces him to Mary Jane Watson.

 

As Peter deals with Harry's drug problems, and Harry's father, Norman Osborn, is revealed to be the Green Goblin, Peter attempts to give up his costumed identity for a while.

 

Gwen Stacy's father, New York City Police detective Captain George Stacy, is accidentally killed during a battle between Spider-Man and Doctor Octopus (issue #90, November 1970).

 

1970s

 

In issue #121 (June 1973), the Green Goblin throws Gwen Stacy from a tower of either the Brooklyn Bridge (as depicted in the art) or the George Washington Bridge (as given in the text). She dies during Spider-Man's rescue attempt, and Spider-Man swears revenge against his nemesis; a note on the letters page of issue #125 states: "It saddens us to say that the whiplash effect she underwent when Spidey's webbing stopped her so suddenly was, in fact, what killed her."

 

The following issue, Spider-Man vengefully attacks and overpowers the Green Goblin who appears to have killed himself accidentally in the ensuing battle with Spider-Man.

 

Working through his grief, Peter eventually develops tentative feelings toward Mary Jane, and the two "become confidants rather than lovers".

 

A romantic relationship eventually develops, with Parker proposing to her in issue #182 (July 1978), and being turned down an issue later.

 

Parker went on to graduate from college in issue #185, and becomes involved with the shy Debra Whitman and the extroverted, flirtatious costumed thief Felicia Hardy, a.k.a. the Black Cat, whom he meets in issue #194 (July 1979).

 

1980s

 

The Amazing Spider-Man #252 (May 1984): The black costume debut that brought controversy to many fans. The suit was later revealed as an alien symbiote and was used in the creation of the villain Venom. Cover art by Ron Frenz and Klaus Janson

From 1984 to 1988, Spider-Man wore a black costume with a white spider design on his chest.

 

The new costume originated in the Secret Wars miniseries, on an alien planet where Spider-Man participates in a battle between Earth's major superheroes and supervillains.

 

He continues wearing the costume when he returns, starting in The Amazing Spider-Man #252. The change to a longstanding character's design met with controversy, "with many hardcore comics fans decrying it as tantamount to sacrilege. Spider-Man's traditional red and blue costume was iconic, they argued, on par with those of his D.C. rivals Superman and Batman."

 

The creators then revealed the costume was an alien symbiote which Spider-Man is able to reject after a difficult struggle, though the symbiote returns several times as Venom for revenge.

 

Parker proposes to Watson in The Amazing Spider-Man #290 (July 1987), and she accepts two issues later, with the wedding taking place in The Amazing Spider-Man Annual #21 (1987)—promoted with a real-life mock wedding using actors at Shea Stadium, with Stan Lee officiating, on June 5, 1987.

 

David Michelinie, who scripted based on a plot by editor-in-chief Jim Shooter, said in 2007, "I didn't think they actually should [have gotten] married. ... I had actually planned another version, one that wasn't used." Parker published a book of Spider-Man photographs called Webs and returned to his Empire State University graduate studies in biochemistry in #310 (Dec. 1988).

 

1990s

 

In the controversial 1990s storyline the "Clone Saga", a clone of Parker, created in 1970s comics by insane scientist Miles Warren, a.k.a. the Jackal, returns to New York City upon hearing of Aunt May's health worsening.

 

The clone had lived incognito as "Ben Reilly", but now assumes the superhero guise the Scarlet Spider and allies with Parker. To the surprise of both, new tests indicate "Reilly" is the original and "Parker" the clone.

 

Complicating matters, Watson announces in The Spectacular Spider-Man #220 (Jan. 1995) that she is pregnant with Parker's baby. Later, however, a resurrected Green Goblin (Norman Osborn) has Watson poisoned, causing premature labor and the death of her and Parker's unborn daughter.

 

The Green Goblin had switched the results of the clone test in an attempt to destroy Parker's life by making him believe himself to be the clone. Reilly is killed while saving Parker, in Peter Parker: Spider-Man #75 (Dec. 1996), and his body immediately crumbles into dust, confirming Reilly was the clone.

 

In issue #97 (Nov. 1998) of the second series titled Peter Parker: Spider-Man, Parker learns his Aunt May was kidnapped by Norman Osborn and her apparent death in The Amazing Spider-Man #400 (April 1995) had been a hoax.

 

Shortly afterward, in The Amazing Spider-Man (vol. 2) #13 (#454, Jan. 2000), Watson is apparently killed in an airplane explosion. She turns up alive and well in (vol. 2) #28 (#469, April 2001), but she and Peter become separated in the following issue.

 

2000s

 

Babylon 5 creator J. Michael Straczynski began writing The Amazing Spider-Man, illustrated by John Romita Jr., beginning with (vol. 2) #30 (#471, June 2001).

 

Two issues later, Parker, now employed as a teacher at his old high school, meets the enigmatic Ezekiel, who possesses similar spider powers and suggests that Parker, having gained such abilities, might not have been a fluke—that Parker has a connection to a totemic spider spirit.

 

In (vol. 2) #37 (#478, Jan. 2002), May discovers her nephew Parker is Spider-Man, leading to a new openness in their relationship. Parker and Watson reconcile in (vol. 2) #50 (#491, April 2003).

 

He joins the superhero team the New Avengers in New Avengers #1–2. After their respective homes are destroyed by a deranged, superpowered former high-school classmate,

 

Parker, Watson, and May move into Stark Tower, and Parker begins working as Tony Stark's assistant while again freelancing for The Daily Bugle and continuing his teaching.

 

In the 12-part 2005 story arc "The Other", Parker undergoes a transformation that evolves his powers. In the comic Civil War #2 (June 2006), part of the company-wide crossover arc of that title, the U.S. government's Superhuman Registration Act leads Spider-Man to reveal his true identity publicly. A growing unease about the Registration Act prompts him to escape with May and Watson and join the anti-registration underground.

 

In issue #537 (Dec. 2006), May is critically wounded by a sniper hired by Wilson Fisk and enters into a coma. Parker, desperate to save her, exhausts all possibilities and makes a pact with the demon-lord Mephisto, who saves May's life in exchange for Parker and Watson agreeing to have their marriage and all memory of it disappear.

 

In this changed reality, Spider-Man's identity is secret once again, and in #545 (Jan. 2008), Watson returns and is cold toward him. The controversial storyline "One More Day" rolled back much of the fictional continuity at the behest of editor-in-chief Joe Quesada, who said, "Peter being single is an intrinsic part of the very foundation of the world of Spider-Man".

 

It caused unusual public friction between Quesada and writer Straczynski, who "told Joe that I was going to take my name off the last two issues of the [story] arc", but was talked out of doing so. At issue with Straczynski's climax to the arc, Quesada said, was ...that we didn't receive the story and methodology to the resolution that we were all expecting. What made that very problematic is that we had four writers and artists well underway on [the sequel arc] "Brand New Day" that were expecting and needed "One More Day" to end in the way that we had all agreed it would. ... The fact that we had to ask for the story to move back to its original intent understandably made Joe upset and caused some major delays and page increases in the series.

 

Also, the science that Joe was going to apply to the retcon of the marriage would have made over 30 years of Spider-Man books worthless, because they never would have had happened. ...[I]t would have reset way too many things outside of the Spider-Man titles. We just couldn't go there....

 

In this new continuity, designed to have very limited repercussions throughout the remainder of the Marvel Universe, Parker returns to work at the Daily Bugle, which has been renamed The DB under a new publisher. He soon switches to the alternative press paper The Front Line.

 

J. Jonah Jameson becomes the Mayor of New York City in issue #591 (June 2008). Jameson's estranged father, J. Jonah Jameson Sr., marries May in issue #600 (Sept. 2009).

 

During the "Secret Invasion" by shape-shifting extra-terrestrials, the Skrulls, Norman Osborn shoots and kills the Skrull queen Veranke. He leverages this widely publicized success, positioning himself as the new director of the S.H.I.E.L.D.-like paramilitary force H.A.M.M.E.R. to advance his agenda, while using his public image to start his own Dark Avengers. Norman himself leads the Dark Avengers as the Iron Patriot, a suit of armor fashioned by himself after Iron Man's armor with Captain America's colors.

 

Harry is approached by Norman with the offer of a job within the Dark Avengers. It is later revealed that it is a ruse to coerce Harry into taking the American Son armor, whom Norman had planned to kill, in order to increase public sympathy. When Harry has the option of killing Norman, Spider-Man says to decapitate him, since Norman's healing factor may repair a blow to the head. Spider-Man also cautions Harry that killing Norman will cause Harry to "become the son Norman always wanted". Harry instead backs down, and turns away from his father forever.

 

⚡ Happy 🎯 Heroclix 💫 Friday! 👽

_____________________________

A year of the shows and performers of the Bijou Planks Theater.

 

Secret Identity: Peter Parker

 

Publisher: Marvel

 

First appearance: Amazing Fantasy #15 (August 1962)

 

Created by: Stan Lee (Writer)

Steve Ditko (Artist)

 

Spidey has been a regular on the Bijou Planks since the early days!

 

Battling his enemies in BP 2018 Day 48!

[https://www.flickr.com/photos/paprihaven/38927028021/

 

Driving his Spider-Mobile in BP 2018 Day 285!

www.flickr.com/photos/paprihaven/43454305420/]

 

Driving his Webrunner in BP 2018 Day 327!

www.flickr.com/photos/paprihaven/44384632375/

 

Driving his Arachnid Terrain Vehicle in BP 2019 Day 95!

www.flickr.com/photos/paprihaven/46818458374/

 

Captured by the management in BP 2019 Day 161b!

www.flickr.com/photos/paprihaven/48040569416/

 

Caught in traffic as part of 7 Days of Thanksgiving in BP 2019 Day 329!

www.flickr.com/photos/paprihaven/49124596596/

 

Building snowmen with Mary Jane in BP 2019 Day 356!

www.flickr.com/photos/paprihaven/49259323713/

 

Bobbling alongside Starlord in BP 2020 Day 341!

www.flickr.com/photos/paprihaven/50692100087/

 

Having lunch with JJJ in BP 2021 Day 74!

www.flickr.com/photos/paprihaven/51041305377/

 

A secret appearance in BP 2022 Day 293 as part of the 13 Daze of Halloween!

www.flickr.com/photos/paprihaven/52441502892/

  

In specials such as:

 

Alongside Tarzan annoying Dracula in the 2018 13 Daze of Halloween!

www.flickr.com/photos/paprihaven/44758870834/

 

Celebrating an angry Labor Day in 2018!

www.flickr.com/photos/paprihaven/29522109657/

 

Celebrating Labor Day at Boop's in 2019!

www.flickr.com/photos/paprihaven/48667376222/

 

Photographing the photographers in the 2021 New Years!

www.flickr.com/photos/paprihaven/50789392271/

 

Getting psychiatric help from Lucy!

www.flickr.com/photos/paprihaven/48794149141/

 

And in the Paprihaven story!

 

Swinging into his debut in Parpihaven 1086!

www.flickr.com/photos/paprihaven/33949289490/

 

Getting into a scrap with Queen Hippolyta in Paprihaven 1097!

www.flickr.com/photos/paprihaven/35824686582/

 

Which of course led to a short and painful encounter in Wonder Woman in Paprihaven 1104!

www.flickr.com/photos/paprihaven/35363878313/

 

Hanging out with April in Paprhaven 1232!

www.flickr.com/photos/paprihaven/24803802788/

 

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++

 

Le costume d'Arles est avec le costume provençal comtadin l'une des deux grandes variantes du costume provençal. Appelé aussi arlèse, son port a été relancé par Frédéric Mistral à la fin du XIXe siècle comme l'un des signes de l'identité culturelle de la Provence. Encore utilisé le dimanche jusqu'au début du XXe siècle, son usage courant a progressivement disparu au cours de la première moitié du XXe siècle. Actuellement, il n'est porté qu'épisodiquement, par des groupes folkloriques ou lors de manifestations volontaristes de l'identité locale1.

  

Historique

Costumes arlésiens au XVIIIe siècle (Atelier de couture à Arles, Antoine Raspal, 1760, musée Réattu, Arles).

 

Parmi toutes les variétés locales à la mode au cours du XVIIIe siècle, seul le costume d'Arles, porté indifféremment par les femmes de toutes conditions, a traversé la Révolution, tout en continuant à évoluer d'une façon naturelle. Jusque dans les années 1950, il était encore porté, quotidiennement à Arles par un certain nombre de femmes, et plus particulièrement le dimanche. Le costume d'Arles a été la tenue féminine traditionnelle dans tout l'ancien archevêché, a tenté de s'imposer jusqu'à Avignon sous l'impulsion de Frédéric Mistral, a débordé sur la rive droite du Rhône de la Camargue gardoise jusqu'à l'Uzège2, s'est étendu à l'Est par delà la Crau, jusqu'à la Durance et le golfe de Fos. Toute son évolution est retracée au Museon Arlaten3.

  

Originalité

 

Ce costume d'Arles se distingue d'abord par une coiffe spéciale qui nécessite le port de cheveux longs. En fonction des jours de la semaine et des tâches à accomplir, cette coiffure était retenue sur le sommet de la tête par un ruban, une cravate ou un nœud de dentelles. Mais elle exigeait toujours un temps de préparation important et des soins particuliers pour respecter l'exigence de ses canons. Cette coiffure est peu adaptée aujourd'hui à une vie professionnelle moderne. Face à la mode des cheveux courts, un substitut sous forme de postiche a été proposé, mais son manque de naturel l'a voué à l'échec4.

 

Composition

 

Parmi les pièces qui compose actuellement l'habillement et signe son élégance, il y a la chapelle ou cache-coeur, plastron de dentelle en forme de trapèze, apparu en 1860, et qui couvre la poitrine5, le grand châle ou fichu, de forme carrée, qui moule le buste, la robe longue en satin de différentes couleurs, souvent pincée à la taille, les dorures (bijoux, agrafes, boucles ou crochets) qui sont transmises de génération en génération. Ces parures vont du tour de cou en argent, aux différentes croix d'or filigranées, dites croix provençales, des bracelets en or massif enrichis de diamants6, aux boucles d'oreilles (pendants ou brandanto) réservées aux seules femmes mariées, en passant par les bagues rehaussées de pierres précieuses, les boucles de soulier en argent, les agrafes de manteau dorées ou argentées, les crochets d'argent pour la ceinture qui permettaient de suspendre les clefs, à la fois signe de richesse et de possession sur la maison familiale7.

  

Arles

 

Arles is located in France

Arles is located in Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur

Coordinates: 43°40′36″N 4°37′40″ECoordinates: 43°40′36″N 4°37′40″E

Country France

Region Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur

Department Bouches-du-Rhône

Arrondissement Arles

Canton Arles

Intercommunality CA Arles-Crau-Camargue-Montagnette

Government

• Mayor (2014–2020) Hervé Schiavetti (PCF)

Area1 758.93 km2 (293.02 sq mi)

Population (2012)2 52,439

• Density 69/km2 (180/sq mi)

Time zone CET (UTC+1)

• Summer (DST) CEST (UTC+2)

INSEE/Postal code 13004 /13200

Elevation 0–57 m (0–187 ft)

(avg. 10 m or 33 ft)

 

1 French Land Register data, which excludes lakes, ponds, glaciers > 1 km² (0.386 sq mi or 247 acres) and river estuaries.

2 Population without double counting: residents of multiple communes (e.g., students and military personnel) only counted once.

 

Arles (French pronunciation: ​[aʁl]; Provençal [ˈaʀle] in both classical and Mistralian norms; Arelate in Classical Latin) is a city and commune in the south of France, in the Bouches-du-Rhône department, of which it is a subprefecture, in the former province of Provence.

 

A large part of the Camargue is located on the territory of the commune, making it the largest commune in Metropolitan France in terms of territory (though Maripasoula, French Guiana, is much larger). The city has a long history, and was of considerable importance in the Roman province of Gallia Narbonensis. The Roman and Romanesque Monuments of Arles were listed as UNESCO World Heritage Sites in 1981. The Dutch post-Impressionist painter Vincent van Gogh lived in Arles from 1888 to 1889 and produced over 300 paintings and drawings during his time there. An international photography festival has been held in the city since 1970.

 

Geography

 

The river Rhône forks into two branches just upstream of Arles, forming the Camargue delta. Because the Camargue is for a large part administratively part of Arles, the commune as a whole is the largest commune in Metropolitan France in terms of territory, although its population is only slightly more than 50,000. Its area is 758.93 km2 (293.02 sq mi), which is more than seven times the area of Paris.

Climate

 

Arles has a Mediterranean climate with a mean annual temperature of 14.6 °C (1948 - 1999). The summers are warm and moderately dry, with seasonal averages between 22 °C and 24 °C, and mild winters with a mean temperature of about 7 °C. The city is constantly, but especially in the winter months, subject to the influence of the mistral, a cold wind which can cause sudden and severe frosts. Rainfall (636 mm per year) is fairly evenly distributed from September to May, with the summer drought being less marked than in other Mediterranean areas.[1]

 

Ancient era

 

The Ligurians were in this area from about 800 BC. Later, Celtic influences have been discovered. The city became an important Phoenician trading port, before being taken by the Romans.

 

The Romans took the town in 123 BC and expanded it into an important city, with a canal link to the Mediterranean Sea being constructed in 104 BC. However, it struggled to escape the shadow of Massalia (Marseilles) further along the coast.

 

Its chance came when it sided with Julius Caesar against Pompey, providing military support. Massalia backed Pompey; when Caesar emerged victorious, Massalia was stripped of its possessions, which were transferred to Arelate as a reward. The town was formally established as a colony for veterans of the Roman legion Legio VI Ferrata, which had its base there. Its full title as a colony was Colonia Iulia Paterna Arelatensium Sextanorum, "the ancestral Julian colony of Arles of the soldiers of the Sixth."

 

Arelate was a city of considerable importance in the province of Gallia Narbonensis. It covered an area of some 40 hectares (99 acres) and possessed a number of monuments, including an amphitheatre, triumphal arch, Roman circus, theatre, and a full circuit of walls. Ancient Arles was closer to the sea than it is now and served as a major port. It also had (and still has) the southernmost bridge on the Rhône. Very unusually, the Roman bridge was not fixed but consisted of a pontoon-style bridge of boats, with towers and drawbridges at each end. The boats were secured in place by anchors and were tethered to twin towers built just upstream of the bridge. This unusual design was a way of coping with the river's frequent violent floods, which would have made short work of a conventional bridge. Nothing remains of the Roman bridge, which has been replaced by a more modern bridge near the same spot.

 

The city reached a peak of influence during the 4th and 5th centuries, when Roman Emperors frequently used it as their headquarters during military campaigns. In 395, it became the seat of the Praetorian Prefecture of the Gauls, governing the western part of the Western Empire: Gaul proper plus Hispania (Spain) and Armorica (Brittany). At that time, the city was perhaps home to 75,000–100,000 people.[2][3][4][5]

 

It became a favorite city of Emperor Constantine I, who built baths there, substantial remains of which are still standing. His son, Constantine II, was born in Arles. Usurper Constantine III declared himself emperor in the West (407–411) and made Arles his capital in 408.

 

Arles became renowned as a cultural and religious centre during the late Roman Empire. It was the birthplace of the sceptical philosopher Favorinus. It was also a key location for Roman Christianity and an important base for the Christianization of Gaul. The city's bishopric was held by a series of outstanding clerics, beginning with Saint Trophimus around 225 and continuing with Saint Honoratus, then Saint Hilarius in the first half of the 5th century. The political tension between the Catholic bishops of Arles and the Visigothic kings is epitomized in the career of the Frankish St. Caesarius, bishop of Arles 503–542, who was suspected by the Arian Visigoth Alaric II of conspiring with the Burgundians to turn over the Arelate to Burgundy, and was exiled for a year to Bordeaux in Aquitaine. Political tensions were evident again in 512, when Arles held out against Theodoric the Great and Caesarius was imprisoned and sent to Ravenna to explain his actions before the Ostrogothic king.[6]

 

The friction between the Arian Christianity of the Visigoths and the Catholicism of the bishops sent out from Rome established deep roots for religious heterodoxy, even heresy, in Occitan culture. At Treves in 385, Priscillian achieved the distinction of becoming the first Christian executed for heresy (Manichaean in his case, see also Cathars, Camisards). Despite this tension and the city's decline in the face of barbarian invasions, Arles remained a great religious centre and host of church councils (see Council of Arles), the rival of Vienne, for hundreds of years.

Roman aqueduct and mill

Aqueduct of Arles at Barbegal

 

The Barbegal aqueduct and mill is a Roman watermill complex located on the territory of the commune of Fontvieille, a few kilometres from Arles. The complex has been referred to as "the greatest known concentration of mechanical power in the ancient world".[7] The remains of the mill streams and buildings which housed the overshot water wheels are still visible at the site, and it is by far the best-preserved of ancient mills. There are two aqueducts which join just north of the mill complex, and a sluice which enabled the operators to control the water supply to the complex. The mill consisted of 16 waterwheels in two separate rows built into a steep hillside. There are substantial masonry remains of the water channels and foundations of the individual mills, together with a staircase rising up the hill upon which the mills are built. The mills apparently operated from the end of the 1st century until about the end of the 3rd century.[8] The capacity of the mills has been estimated at 4.5 tons of flour per day, sufficient to supply enough bread for 6,000 of the 30-40,000 inhabitants of Arelate at that time.[9] A similar mill complex existed also on the Janiculum in Rome. Examination of the mill leat still just visible on one side of the hill shows a substantial accretion of lime in the channel, tending to confirm its long working life.

 

It is thought that the wheels were overshot water wheels with the outflow from the top driving the next one down and so on, to the base of the hill. Vertical water mills were well known to the Romans, being described by Vitruvius in his De Architectura of 25 BC, and mentioned by Pliny the Elder in his Naturalis Historia of 77 AD. There are also later references to floating water mills from Byzantium and to sawmills on the river Moselle by the poet Ausonius. The use of multiple stacked sequences of reverse overshot water-wheels was widespread in Roman mines.

Middle Ages

Place de la République.

Cafe Terrace at Night by Vincent van Gogh (September 1888), depicts the warmth of a café in Arles

 

In 735, after raiding the Lower Rhône, Andalusian Saracens led by Yusuf ibn 'Abd al-Rahman al-Fihri moved into the stronghold summoned by Count Maurontus, who feared Charles Martel's expansionist ambitions, though this may have been an excuse to further Moorish expansion beyond Iberia. The next year, Charles campaigned south to Septimania and Provence, attacking and capturing Arles after destroying Avignon. In 739. Charles definitely drove Maurontus to exile, and brought Provence to heel. In 855, it was made the capital of a Frankish Kingdom of Arles, which included Burgundy and part of Provence, but was frequently terrorised by Saracen and Viking raiders. In 888, Rudolph, Count of Auxerre (now in north-western Burgundy), founded the kingdom of Transjuran Burgundy (literally, beyond the Jura mountains), which included western Switzerland as far as the river Reuss, Valais, Geneva, Chablais and Bugey.

 

In 933, Hugh of Arles ("Hugues de Provence") gave his kingdom up to Rudolph II, who merged the two kingdoms into a new Kingdom of Arles. In 1032, King Rudolph III died, and the kingdom was inherited by Emperor Conrad II the Salic. Though his successors counted themselves kings of Arles, few went to be crowned in the cathedral. Most of the kingdom's territory was progressively incorporated into France. During these troubled times, the amphitheatre was converted into a fortress, with watchtowers built at each of the four quadrants and a minuscule walled town being constructed within. The population was by now only a fraction of what it had been in Roman times, with much of old Arles lying in ruins.

 

The town regained political and economic prominence in the 12th century, with the Holy Roman Emperor Frederick Barbarossa traveling there in 1178 for his coronation. In the 12th century, it became a free city governed by an elected podestat (chief magistrate; literally "power"), who appointed the consuls and other magistrates. It retained this status until the French Revolution of 1789.

 

Arles joined the countship of Provence in 1239, but, once more, its prominence was eclipsed by Marseilles. In 1378, the Holy Roman Emperor Charles IV ceded the remnants of the Kingdom of Arles to the Dauphin of France (later King Charles VI of France) and the kingdom ceased to exist even on paper.

Modern era

 

Arles remained economically important for many years as a major port on the Rhône. In the 19th century, the arrival of the railway diminished river trade, leading to the town becoming something of a backwater.

 

This made it an attractive destination for the painter Vincent van Gogh, who arrived there on 21 February 1888. He was fascinated by the Provençal landscapes, producing over 300 paintings and drawings during his time in Arles. Many of his most famous paintings were completed there, including The Night Cafe, the Yellow Room, Starry Night Over the Rhone, and L'Arlésienne. Paul Gauguin visited van Gogh in Arles. However, van Gogh's mental health deteriorated and he became alarmingly eccentric, culminating in the well-known ear-severing incident in December 1888 which resulted in two stays in the Old Hospital of Arles. The concerned Arlesians circulated a petition the following February demanding that van Gogh be confined. In May 1889, he took the hint and left Arles for the Saint-Paul asylum at nearby Saint-Rémy-de-Provence.

Jewish history

Main article: History of the Jews in Arles

 

Arles had an important and evident Jewish community between the Roman era and until the end of the 15th century. A local legend describes the first Jews in Arles as exiles from Judaea after Jerusalem fell to the Romans. Nevertheless, the first documented evident of Jews in Arles is not before fifth century, when a distinguished community had already existed in town. Arles was an important Jewish crossroads, as a port city and close to Spain and the rest of Europe alike. It served a major role in the work of the Hachmei Provence group of famous Jewish scholars, translators and philosophers, who were most important to Judaism throughout the Middle Ages. At the eighth century, the jurisdiction of the Jews of Arles were passed to the local Archbishop, making the Jewish taxes to the clergy somewhat of a shield for the community from mob attacks, most frequent during the Crusades. The community lived relatively peacefully until the last decade of the 15th century, when they were expelled out of the city never to return. Several Jews did live in the city in the centuries after, though no community was found ever after. Nowadays, Jewish archaeological findings and texts from Arles can be found in the local museum.[10]

Population

 

Arles has important Roman remnants, most of which have been listed as UNESCO World Heritage Sites since 1981 within the Arles, Roman and Romanesque Monuments group. They include:

 

The Gallo-Roman theatre

The arena or amphitheatre

The Alyscamps (Roman necropolis)

The Thermae of Constantine

The cryptoporticus

Arles Obelisk

Barbegal aqueduct and mill

 

The Church of St. Trophime (Saint Trophimus), formerly a cathedral, is a major work of Romanesque architecture, and the representation of the Last Judgment on its portal is considered one of the finest examples of Romanesque sculpture, as are the columns in the adjacent cloister.

 

The town also has a museum of ancient history, the Musée de l'Arles et de la Provence antiques, with one of the best collections of Roman sarcophagi to be found anywhere outside Rome itself. Other museums include the Musée Réattu and the Museon Arlaten.

 

The courtyard of the Old Arles hospital, now named "Espace Van Gogh," is a center for Vincent van Gogh's works, several of which are masterpieces.[11] The garden, framed on all four sides by buildings of the complex, is approached through arcades on the first floor. A circulation gallery is located on the first and second floors.[12]

Archaeology

Main article: Arles portrait bust

 

In September–October 2007, divers led by Luc Long from the French Department of Subaquatic Archaeological Research, headed by Michel L'Hour, discovered a life-sized marble bust of an apparently important Roman person in the Rhône near Arles, together with smaller statues of Marsyas in Hellenistic style and of the god Neptune from the third century AD. The larger bust was tentatively dated to 46 BC. Since the bust displayed several characteristics of an ageing person with wrinkles, deep naso-labial creases and hollows in his face, and since the archaeologists believed that Julius Caesar had founded the colony Colonia Iulia Paterna Arelate Sextanorum in 46 BC, the scientists came to the preliminary conclusion that the bust depicted a life-portrait of the Roman dictator: France's Minister of Culture Christine Albanel reported on May 13, 2008, that the bust would be the oldest representation of Caesar known today.[13] The story was picked up by all larger media outlets.[14][15] The realism of the portrait was said to place it in the tradition of late Republican portrait and genre sculptures. The archaeologists further claimed that a bust of Julius Caesar might have been thrown away or discreetly disposed of, because Caesar's portraits could have been viewed as politically dangerous possessions after the dictator's assassination.

 

Historians and archaeologists not affiliated with the French administration, among them Paul Zanker, the renowned archaeologist and expert on Caesar and Augustus, were quick to question whether the bust is a portrait of Caesar.[16][17][18] Many noted the lack of resemblances to Caesar's likenesses issued on coins during the last years of the dictator's life, and to the Tusculum bust of Caesar,[19] which depicts Julius Caesar in his lifetime, either as a so-called zeitgesicht or as a direct portrait. After a further stylistic assessment, Zanker dated the Arles-bust to the Augustan period. Elkins argued for the third century AD as the terminus post quem for the deposition of the statues, refuting the claim that the bust was thrown away due to feared repercussions from Caesar's assassination in 44 BC.[20] The main argument by the French archaeologists that Caesar had founded the colony in 46 BC proved to be incorrect, as the colony was founded by Caesar's former quaestor Tiberius Claudius Nero on the dictator's orders in his absence.[21] Mary Beard has accused the persons involved in the find of having willfully invented their claims for publicity reasons. The French ministry of culture has not yet responded to the criticism and negative reviews.

Sport

 

AC Arles-Avignon is a professional French football team. They currently play in Championnat de France Amateur, the fourth division in French football. They play at the Parc des Sports, which has a capacity of just over 17,000.

Culture

 

A well known photography festival, Rencontres d'Arles, takes place in Arles every year, and the French national school of photography is located there.

 

The major French publishing house Actes Sud is also situated in Arles.

 

Bull fights are conducted in the amphitheatre, including Provençal-style bullfights (courses camarguaises) in which the bull is not killed, but rather a team of athletic men attempt to remove a tassle from the bull's horn without getting injured. Every Easter and on the first weekend of September, during the feria, Arles also holds Spanish-style corridas (in which the bulls are killed) with an encierro (bull-running in the streets) preceding each fight.

 

The film Ronin was partially filmed in Arles.

European Capital of Culture

 

Arles played a major role in Marseille-Provence 2013, the year-long series of cultural events held in the region after it was designated the European Capital of Culture for 2013. The city hosted a segment of the opening ceremony with a pyrotechnical performance by Groupe F on the banks of the Rhône. It also unveiled the new wing of the Musée Départemental Arles Antique as part of Marseille-Provence 2013.

Economy

 

Arles's open-air street market is a major market in the region. It occurs on Saturday and Wednesday mornings.

Transport

 

The Gare d'Arles railway station offers connections to Avignon, Nîmes, Marseille, Paris, Bordeaux and several regional destinations.

Notable people

 

Vincent van Gogh, lived here from February 1888 until May 1889.

The Provençal poet Frédéric Mistral (1830–1914) was born near Arles

Jeanne Calment (1875–1997), the oldest human being whose age is documented, was born, lived and died, at the age of 122 years and 164 days, in Arles

Anne-Marie David, singer (Eurovision winner in 1973)

Christian Lacroix, fashion designer

Lucien Clergue, photographer

Djibril Cissé, footballer

Antoine de Seguiran, 18th-century encyclopédiste

Genesius of Arles, a notary martyred under Maximianus in 303 or 308

Blessed Jean Marie du Lau, last Archbishop of Arles, killed by the revolutionary mob in Paris on September 2, 1792

Juan Bautista (real name Jean-Baptiste Jalabert), matador

Maja Hoffmann, art patron

Mehdi Savalli, matador

The medieval writer Antoine de la Sale was probably born in Arles around 1386

Home of the Gipsy Kings, a music group from Arles

Gael Givet, footballer

Lloyd Palun, footballer

Fanny Valette, actress

Luc Hoffmann, ornithologist, conservationist and philanthropist.

Saint Caesarius of Arles, bishop who lived from the late 5th to the mid 6th century, known for prophecy and writings that would later be used by theologians such as St. Thomas Aquinas

Samuel ibn Tibbon, famous Jewish translator and scholar during the Middle Ages.

Kalonymus ben Kalonymus, famous Jewish scholar and philosopher, Arles born, active during the Middle Ages.

 

Twin towns — sister cities

See also: List of twin towns and sister cities in France

 

Arles is twinned with:

 

Pskov, Russia

Jerez de la Frontera, Spain

Fulda, Germany

York, Pennsylvania, United States

Cubelles, Spain

Vercelli, Italy

Sagné, Mauritania

Kalymnos, Greece

Wisbech, United Kingdom

Zhouzhuang, Kunshan, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China

Verviers, Belgium

 

See also

 

Archbishopric of Arles

Montmajour Abbey

Trinquetaille

Langlois Bridge

Saint-Martin-de-Crau

Communes of the Bouches-du-Rhône department

 

References

 

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Herbermann, Charles, ed. (1913). "Archdiocese of Aix". Catholic Encyclopedia. New York: Robert Appleton.

INSEE

 

The table contains the temperatures and precipitation of the city of Arles for the period 1948-1999, extracted from the site Sophy.u-3mrs.fr.

www.academia.edu/1166147/_The_Fall_and_Decline_of_the_Rom...

Rick Steves' Provence & the French Riviera, p. 78, at Google Books

Nelson's Dictionary of Christianity: The Authoritative Resource on the Christian World, p. 1173, at Google Books

Provence, p. 81, at Google Books

Wace, Dictionary)

Greene, Kevin (2000). "Technological Innovation and Economic Progress in the Ancient World: M.I. Finley Re-Considered". The Economic History Review. New Series. 53 (1): 29–59 [p. 39]. doi:10.1111/1468-0289.00151.

"Ville d'Histoire et de Patrimoine". Patrimoine.ville-arles.fr. Retrieved 2013-03-25.

"La meunerie de Barbegal". Etab.ac-caen.fr. Retrieved 2013-03-25.

jewishencyclopedia.com/articles/1784-arles

Fisher, R, ed (2011). Fodor's France 2011. Toronto and New York: Fodor's Travel, division of Random House. p. 563 ISBN 978-1-4000-0473-7.

"Espace Van Gogh". Visiter, Places of Interest. Arles Office de Tourisme. Retrieved 2011-04-29.

Original communiqué (May 13, 2008); second communiqué (May 20, 2008); report (May 20, 2008)

E.g."Divers find marble bust of Caesar that may date to 46 B.C.". Archived from the original on 2008-06-05. Retrieved 2008-05-14. , CNN-Online et al.

Video (QuickTime) Archived May 28, 2008, at the Wayback Machine. on the archaeological find (France 3)

Paul Zanker, "Der Echte war energischer, distanzierter, ironischer" Archived May 29, 2008, at the Wayback Machine., Sueddeutsche Zeitung, May 25, 2008, on-line

Mary Beard, "The face of Julius Caesar? Come off it!", TLS, May 14, 2008, on-line

Nathan T. Elkins, 'Oldest Bust' of Julius Caesar found in France?, May 14, 2008, on-line

Cp. this image at the AERIA library

A different approach was presented by Mary Beard, in that members of a military Caesarian colony would not have discarded portraits of Caesar, whom they worshipped as god, although statues were in fact destroyed by the Anti-Caesarians in the city of Rome after Caesar's assassination (Appian, BC III.1.9).

Konrat Ziegler & Walther Sontheimer (eds.), "Arelate", in Der Kleine Pauly: Lexikon der Antike, Vol. 1, col. 525, Munich 1979; in 46 BC, Caesar himself was campaigning in Africa, before later returning to Rome.

I've recently been setting my white balance manually and found this very beneficial.I know its much easier to set it 'auto' and let the camera do the calculations,but im finding it much more creative to do things like this.With the bias set more towards blue this shot is the result and i think i quite like it :)

Anyway with all the 'non' summer weather we are experiencing at the moment who hasn't got the blues ;)

 

EXIF....F8....1 SECOND....ISO 100....10MM....LEE 0.9H ND GRAD

 

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++

 

Le costume d'Arles est avec le costume provençal comtadin l'une des deux grandes variantes du costume provençal. Appelé aussi arlèse, son port a été relancé par Frédéric Mistral à la fin du XIXe siècle comme l'un des signes de l'identité culturelle de la Provence. Encore utilisé le dimanche jusqu'au début du XXe siècle, son usage courant a progressivement disparu au cours de la première moitié du XXe siècle. Actuellement, il n'est porté qu'épisodiquement, par des groupes folkloriques ou lors de manifestations volontaristes de l'identité locale1.

  

Historique

Costumes arlésiens au XVIIIe siècle (Atelier de couture à Arles, Antoine Raspal, 1760, musée Réattu, Arles).

 

Parmi toutes les variétés locales à la mode au cours du XVIIIe siècle, seul le costume d'Arles, porté indifféremment par les femmes de toutes conditions, a traversé la Révolution, tout en continuant à évoluer d'une façon naturelle. Jusque dans les années 1950, il était encore porté, quotidiennement à Arles par un certain nombre de femmes, et plus particulièrement le dimanche. Le costume d'Arles a été la tenue féminine traditionnelle dans tout l'ancien archevêché, a tenté de s'imposer jusqu'à Avignon sous l'impulsion de Frédéric Mistral, a débordé sur la rive droite du Rhône de la Camargue gardoise jusqu'à l'Uzège2, s'est étendu à l'Est par delà la Crau, jusqu'à la Durance et le golfe de Fos. Toute son évolution est retracée au Museon Arlaten3.

  

Originalité

 

Ce costume d'Arles se distingue d'abord par une coiffe spéciale qui nécessite le port de cheveux longs. En fonction des jours de la semaine et des tâches à accomplir, cette coiffure était retenue sur le sommet de la tête par un ruban, une cravate ou un nœud de dentelles. Mais elle exigeait toujours un temps de préparation important et des soins particuliers pour respecter l'exigence de ses canons. Cette coiffure est peu adaptée aujourd'hui à une vie professionnelle moderne. Face à la mode des cheveux courts, un substitut sous forme de postiche a été proposé, mais son manque de naturel l'a voué à l'échec4.

 

Composition

 

Parmi les pièces qui compose actuellement l'habillement et signe son élégance, il y a la chapelle ou cache-coeur, plastron de dentelle en forme de trapèze, apparu en 1860, et qui couvre la poitrine5, le grand châle ou fichu, de forme carrée, qui moule le buste, la robe longue en satin de différentes couleurs, souvent pincée à la taille, les dorures (bijoux, agrafes, boucles ou crochets) qui sont transmises de génération en génération. Ces parures vont du tour de cou en argent, aux différentes croix d'or filigranées, dites croix provençales, des bracelets en or massif enrichis de diamants6, aux boucles d'oreilles (pendants ou brandanto) réservées aux seules femmes mariées, en passant par les bagues rehaussées de pierres précieuses, les boucles de soulier en argent, les agrafes de manteau dorées ou argentées, les crochets d'argent pour la ceinture qui permettaient de suspendre les clefs, à la fois signe de richesse et de possession sur la maison familiale7.

  

Arles

 

Arles is located in France

Arles is located in Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur

Coordinates: 43°40′36″N 4°37′40″ECoordinates: 43°40′36″N 4°37′40″E

Country France

Region Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur

Department Bouches-du-Rhône

Arrondissement Arles

Canton Arles

Intercommunality CA Arles-Crau-Camargue-Montagnette

Government

• Mayor (2014–2020) Hervé Schiavetti (PCF)

Area1 758.93 km2 (293.02 sq mi)

Population (2012)2 52,439

• Density 69/km2 (180/sq mi)

Time zone CET (UTC+1)

• Summer (DST) CEST (UTC+2)

INSEE/Postal code 13004 /13200

Elevation 0–57 m (0–187 ft)

(avg. 10 m or 33 ft)

 

1 French Land Register data, which excludes lakes, ponds, glaciers > 1 km² (0.386 sq mi or 247 acres) and river estuaries.

2 Population without double counting: residents of multiple communes (e.g., students and military personnel) only counted once.

 

Arles (French pronunciation: ​[aʁl]; Provençal [ˈaʀle] in both classical and Mistralian norms; Arelate in Classical Latin) is a city and commune in the south of France, in the Bouches-du-Rhône department, of which it is a subprefecture, in the former province of Provence.

 

A large part of the Camargue is located on the territory of the commune, making it the largest commune in Metropolitan France in terms of territory (though Maripasoula, French Guiana, is much larger). The city has a long history, and was of considerable importance in the Roman province of Gallia Narbonensis. The Roman and Romanesque Monuments of Arles were listed as UNESCO World Heritage Sites in 1981. The Dutch post-Impressionist painter Vincent van Gogh lived in Arles from 1888 to 1889 and produced over 300 paintings and drawings during his time there. An international photography festival has been held in the city since 1970.

 

Geography

 

The river Rhône forks into two branches just upstream of Arles, forming the Camargue delta. Because the Camargue is for a large part administratively part of Arles, the commune as a whole is the largest commune in Metropolitan France in terms of territory, although its population is only slightly more than 50,000. Its area is 758.93 km2 (293.02 sq mi), which is more than seven times the area of Paris.

Climate

 

Arles has a Mediterranean climate with a mean annual temperature of 14.6 °C (1948 - 1999). The summers are warm and moderately dry, with seasonal averages between 22 °C and 24 °C, and mild winters with a mean temperature of about 7 °C. The city is constantly, but especially in the winter months, subject to the influence of the mistral, a cold wind which can cause sudden and severe frosts. Rainfall (636 mm per year) is fairly evenly distributed from September to May, with the summer drought being less marked than in other Mediterranean areas.[1]

 

Ancient era

 

The Ligurians were in this area from about 800 BC. Later, Celtic influences have been discovered. The city became an important Phoenician trading port, before being taken by the Romans.

 

The Romans took the town in 123 BC and expanded it into an important city, with a canal link to the Mediterranean Sea being constructed in 104 BC. However, it struggled to escape the shadow of Massalia (Marseilles) further along the coast.

 

Its chance came when it sided with Julius Caesar against Pompey, providing military support. Massalia backed Pompey; when Caesar emerged victorious, Massalia was stripped of its possessions, which were transferred to Arelate as a reward. The town was formally established as a colony for veterans of the Roman legion Legio VI Ferrata, which had its base there. Its full title as a colony was Colonia Iulia Paterna Arelatensium Sextanorum, "the ancestral Julian colony of Arles of the soldiers of the Sixth."

 

Arelate was a city of considerable importance in the province of Gallia Narbonensis. It covered an area of some 40 hectares (99 acres) and possessed a number of monuments, including an amphitheatre, triumphal arch, Roman circus, theatre, and a full circuit of walls. Ancient Arles was closer to the sea than it is now and served as a major port. It also had (and still has) the southernmost bridge on the Rhône. Very unusually, the Roman bridge was not fixed but consisted of a pontoon-style bridge of boats, with towers and drawbridges at each end. The boats were secured in place by anchors and were tethered to twin towers built just upstream of the bridge. This unusual design was a way of coping with the river's frequent violent floods, which would have made short work of a conventional bridge. Nothing remains of the Roman bridge, which has been replaced by a more modern bridge near the same spot.

 

The city reached a peak of influence during the 4th and 5th centuries, when Roman Emperors frequently used it as their headquarters during military campaigns. In 395, it became the seat of the Praetorian Prefecture of the Gauls, governing the western part of the Western Empire: Gaul proper plus Hispania (Spain) and Armorica (Brittany). At that time, the city was perhaps home to 75,000–100,000 people.[2][3][4][5]

 

It became a favorite city of Emperor Constantine I, who built baths there, substantial remains of which are still standing. His son, Constantine II, was born in Arles. Usurper Constantine III declared himself emperor in the West (407–411) and made Arles his capital in 408.

 

Arles became renowned as a cultural and religious centre during the late Roman Empire. It was the birthplace of the sceptical philosopher Favorinus. It was also a key location for Roman Christianity and an important base for the Christianization of Gaul. The city's bishopric was held by a series of outstanding clerics, beginning with Saint Trophimus around 225 and continuing with Saint Honoratus, then Saint Hilarius in the first half of the 5th century. The political tension between the Catholic bishops of Arles and the Visigothic kings is epitomized in the career of the Frankish St. Caesarius, bishop of Arles 503–542, who was suspected by the Arian Visigoth Alaric II of conspiring with the Burgundians to turn over the Arelate to Burgundy, and was exiled for a year to Bordeaux in Aquitaine. Political tensions were evident again in 512, when Arles held out against Theodoric the Great and Caesarius was imprisoned and sent to Ravenna to explain his actions before the Ostrogothic king.[6]

 

The friction between the Arian Christianity of the Visigoths and the Catholicism of the bishops sent out from Rome established deep roots for religious heterodoxy, even heresy, in Occitan culture. At Treves in 385, Priscillian achieved the distinction of becoming the first Christian executed for heresy (Manichaean in his case, see also Cathars, Camisards). Despite this tension and the city's decline in the face of barbarian invasions, Arles remained a great religious centre and host of church councils (see Council of Arles), the rival of Vienne, for hundreds of years.

Roman aqueduct and mill

Aqueduct of Arles at Barbegal

 

The Barbegal aqueduct and mill is a Roman watermill complex located on the territory of the commune of Fontvieille, a few kilometres from Arles. The complex has been referred to as "the greatest known concentration of mechanical power in the ancient world".[7] The remains of the mill streams and buildings which housed the overshot water wheels are still visible at the site, and it is by far the best-preserved of ancient mills. There are two aqueducts which join just north of the mill complex, and a sluice which enabled the operators to control the water supply to the complex. The mill consisted of 16 waterwheels in two separate rows built into a steep hillside. There are substantial masonry remains of the water channels and foundations of the individual mills, together with a staircase rising up the hill upon which the mills are built. The mills apparently operated from the end of the 1st century until about the end of the 3rd century.[8] The capacity of the mills has been estimated at 4.5 tons of flour per day, sufficient to supply enough bread for 6,000 of the 30-40,000 inhabitants of Arelate at that time.[9] A similar mill complex existed also on the Janiculum in Rome. Examination of the mill leat still just visible on one side of the hill shows a substantial accretion of lime in the channel, tending to confirm its long working life.

 

It is thought that the wheels were overshot water wheels with the outflow from the top driving the next one down and so on, to the base of the hill. Vertical water mills were well known to the Romans, being described by Vitruvius in his De Architectura of 25 BC, and mentioned by Pliny the Elder in his Naturalis Historia of 77 AD. There are also later references to floating water mills from Byzantium and to sawmills on the river Moselle by the poet Ausonius. The use of multiple stacked sequences of reverse overshot water-wheels was widespread in Roman mines.

Middle Ages

Place de la République.

Cafe Terrace at Night by Vincent van Gogh (September 1888), depicts the warmth of a café in Arles

 

In 735, after raiding the Lower Rhône, Andalusian Saracens led by Yusuf ibn 'Abd al-Rahman al-Fihri moved into the stronghold summoned by Count Maurontus, who feared Charles Martel's expansionist ambitions, though this may have been an excuse to further Moorish expansion beyond Iberia. The next year, Charles campaigned south to Septimania and Provence, attacking and capturing Arles after destroying Avignon. In 739. Charles definitely drove Maurontus to exile, and brought Provence to heel. In 855, it was made the capital of a Frankish Kingdom of Arles, which included Burgundy and part of Provence, but was frequently terrorised by Saracen and Viking raiders. In 888, Rudolph, Count of Auxerre (now in north-western Burgundy), founded the kingdom of Transjuran Burgundy (literally, beyond the Jura mountains), which included western Switzerland as far as the river Reuss, Valais, Geneva, Chablais and Bugey.

 

In 933, Hugh of Arles ("Hugues de Provence") gave his kingdom up to Rudolph II, who merged the two kingdoms into a new Kingdom of Arles. In 1032, King Rudolph III died, and the kingdom was inherited by Emperor Conrad II the Salic. Though his successors counted themselves kings of Arles, few went to be crowned in the cathedral. Most of the kingdom's territory was progressively incorporated into France. During these troubled times, the amphitheatre was converted into a fortress, with watchtowers built at each of the four quadrants and a minuscule walled town being constructed within. The population was by now only a fraction of what it had been in Roman times, with much of old Arles lying in ruins.

 

The town regained political and economic prominence in the 12th century, with the Holy Roman Emperor Frederick Barbarossa traveling there in 1178 for his coronation. In the 12th century, it became a free city governed by an elected podestat (chief magistrate; literally "power"), who appointed the consuls and other magistrates. It retained this status until the French Revolution of 1789.

 

Arles joined the countship of Provence in 1239, but, once more, its prominence was eclipsed by Marseilles. In 1378, the Holy Roman Emperor Charles IV ceded the remnants of the Kingdom of Arles to the Dauphin of France (later King Charles VI of France) and the kingdom ceased to exist even on paper.

Modern era

 

Arles remained economically important for many years as a major port on the Rhône. In the 19th century, the arrival of the railway diminished river trade, leading to the town becoming something of a backwater.

 

This made it an attractive destination for the painter Vincent van Gogh, who arrived there on 21 February 1888. He was fascinated by the Provençal landscapes, producing over 300 paintings and drawings during his time in Arles. Many of his most famous paintings were completed there, including The Night Cafe, the Yellow Room, Starry Night Over the Rhone, and L'Arlésienne. Paul Gauguin visited van Gogh in Arles. However, van Gogh's mental health deteriorated and he became alarmingly eccentric, culminating in the well-known ear-severing incident in December 1888 which resulted in two stays in the Old Hospital of Arles. The concerned Arlesians circulated a petition the following February demanding that van Gogh be confined. In May 1889, he took the hint and left Arles for the Saint-Paul asylum at nearby Saint-Rémy-de-Provence.

Jewish history

Main article: History of the Jews in Arles

 

Arles had an important and evident Jewish community between the Roman era and until the end of the 15th century. A local legend describes the first Jews in Arles as exiles from Judaea after Jerusalem fell to the Romans. Nevertheless, the first documented evident of Jews in Arles is not before fifth century, when a distinguished community had already existed in town. Arles was an important Jewish crossroads, as a port city and close to Spain and the rest of Europe alike. It served a major role in the work of the Hachmei Provence group of famous Jewish scholars, translators and philosophers, who were most important to Judaism throughout the Middle Ages. At the eighth century, the jurisdiction of the Jews of Arles were passed to the local Archbishop, making the Jewish taxes to the clergy somewhat of a shield for the community from mob attacks, most frequent during the Crusades. The community lived relatively peacefully until the last decade of the 15th century, when they were expelled out of the city never to return. Several Jews did live in the city in the centuries after, though no community was found ever after. Nowadays, Jewish archaeological findings and texts from Arles can be found in the local museum.[10]

Population

 

Arles has important Roman remnants, most of which have been listed as UNESCO World Heritage Sites since 1981 within the Arles, Roman and Romanesque Monuments group. They include:

 

The Gallo-Roman theatre

The arena or amphitheatre

The Alyscamps (Roman necropolis)

The Thermae of Constantine

The cryptoporticus

Arles Obelisk

Barbegal aqueduct and mill

 

The Church of St. Trophime (Saint Trophimus), formerly a cathedral, is a major work of Romanesque architecture, and the representation of the Last Judgment on its portal is considered one of the finest examples of Romanesque sculpture, as are the columns in the adjacent cloister.

 

The town also has a museum of ancient history, the Musée de l'Arles et de la Provence antiques, with one of the best collections of Roman sarcophagi to be found anywhere outside Rome itself. Other museums include the Musée Réattu and the Museon Arlaten.

 

The courtyard of the Old Arles hospital, now named "Espace Van Gogh," is a center for Vincent van Gogh's works, several of which are masterpieces.[11] The garden, framed on all four sides by buildings of the complex, is approached through arcades on the first floor. A circulation gallery is located on the first and second floors.[12]

Archaeology

Main article: Arles portrait bust

 

In September–October 2007, divers led by Luc Long from the French Department of Subaquatic Archaeological Research, headed by Michel L'Hour, discovered a life-sized marble bust of an apparently important Roman person in the Rhône near Arles, together with smaller statues of Marsyas in Hellenistic style and of the god Neptune from the third century AD. The larger bust was tentatively dated to 46 BC. Since the bust displayed several characteristics of an ageing person with wrinkles, deep naso-labial creases and hollows in his face, and since the archaeologists believed that Julius Caesar had founded the colony Colonia Iulia Paterna Arelate Sextanorum in 46 BC, the scientists came to the preliminary conclusion that the bust depicted a life-portrait of the Roman dictator: France's Minister of Culture Christine Albanel reported on May 13, 2008, that the bust would be the oldest representation of Caesar known today.[13] The story was picked up by all larger media outlets.[14][15] The realism of the portrait was said to place it in the tradition of late Republican portrait and genre sculptures. The archaeologists further claimed that a bust of Julius Caesar might have been thrown away or discreetly disposed of, because Caesar's portraits could have been viewed as politically dangerous possessions after the dictator's assassination.

 

Historians and archaeologists not affiliated with the French administration, among them Paul Zanker, the renowned archaeologist and expert on Caesar and Augustus, were quick to question whether the bust is a portrait of Caesar.[16][17][18] Many noted the lack of resemblances to Caesar's likenesses issued on coins during the last years of the dictator's life, and to the Tusculum bust of Caesar,[19] which depicts Julius Caesar in his lifetime, either as a so-called zeitgesicht or as a direct portrait. After a further stylistic assessment, Zanker dated the Arles-bust to the Augustan period. Elkins argued for the third century AD as the terminus post quem for the deposition of the statues, refuting the claim that the bust was thrown away due to feared repercussions from Caesar's assassination in 44 BC.[20] The main argument by the French archaeologists that Caesar had founded the colony in 46 BC proved to be incorrect, as the colony was founded by Caesar's former quaestor Tiberius Claudius Nero on the dictator's orders in his absence.[21] Mary Beard has accused the persons involved in the find of having willfully invented their claims for publicity reasons. The French ministry of culture has not yet responded to the criticism and negative reviews.

Sport

 

AC Arles-Avignon is a professional French football team. They currently play in Championnat de France Amateur, the fourth division in French football. They play at the Parc des Sports, which has a capacity of just over 17,000.

Culture

 

A well known photography festival, Rencontres d'Arles, takes place in Arles every year, and the French national school of photography is located there.

 

The major French publishing house Actes Sud is also situated in Arles.

 

Bull fights are conducted in the amphitheatre, including Provençal-style bullfights (courses camarguaises) in which the bull is not killed, but rather a team of athletic men attempt to remove a tassle from the bull's horn without getting injured. Every Easter and on the first weekend of September, during the feria, Arles also holds Spanish-style corridas (in which the bulls are killed) with an encierro (bull-running in the streets) preceding each fight.

 

The film Ronin was partially filmed in Arles.

European Capital of Culture

 

Arles played a major role in Marseille-Provence 2013, the year-long series of cultural events held in the region after it was designated the European Capital of Culture for 2013. The city hosted a segment of the opening ceremony with a pyrotechnical performance by Groupe F on the banks of the Rhône. It also unveiled the new wing of the Musée Départemental Arles Antique as part of Marseille-Provence 2013.

Economy

 

Arles's open-air street market is a major market in the region. It occurs on Saturday and Wednesday mornings.

Transport

 

The Gare d'Arles railway station offers connections to Avignon, Nîmes, Marseille, Paris, Bordeaux and several regional destinations.

Notable people

 

Vincent van Gogh, lived here from February 1888 until May 1889.

The Provençal poet Frédéric Mistral (1830–1914) was born near Arles

Jeanne Calment (1875–1997), the oldest human being whose age is documented, was born, lived and died, at the age of 122 years and 164 days, in Arles

Anne-Marie David, singer (Eurovision winner in 1973)

Christian Lacroix, fashion designer

Lucien Clergue, photographer

Djibril Cissé, footballer

Antoine de Seguiran, 18th-century encyclopédiste

Genesius of Arles, a notary martyred under Maximianus in 303 or 308

Blessed Jean Marie du Lau, last Archbishop of Arles, killed by the revolutionary mob in Paris on September 2, 1792

Juan Bautista (real name Jean-Baptiste Jalabert), matador

Maja Hoffmann, art patron

Mehdi Savalli, matador

The medieval writer Antoine de la Sale was probably born in Arles around 1386

Home of the Gipsy Kings, a music group from Arles

Gael Givet, footballer

Lloyd Palun, footballer

Fanny Valette, actress

Luc Hoffmann, ornithologist, conservationist and philanthropist.

Saint Caesarius of Arles, bishop who lived from the late 5th to the mid 6th century, known for prophecy and writings that would later be used by theologians such as St. Thomas Aquinas

Samuel ibn Tibbon, famous Jewish translator and scholar during the Middle Ages.

Kalonymus ben Kalonymus, famous Jewish scholar and philosopher, Arles born, active during the Middle Ages.

 

Twin towns — sister cities

See also: List of twin towns and sister cities in France

 

Arles is twinned with:

 

Pskov, Russia

Jerez de la Frontera, Spain

Fulda, Germany

York, Pennsylvania, United States

Cubelles, Spain

Vercelli, Italy

Sagné, Mauritania

Kalymnos, Greece

Wisbech, United Kingdom

Zhouzhuang, Kunshan, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China

Verviers, Belgium

 

See also

 

Archbishopric of Arles

Montmajour Abbey

Trinquetaille

Langlois Bridge

Saint-Martin-de-Crau

Communes of the Bouches-du-Rhône department

 

References

 

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Herbermann, Charles, ed. (1913). "Archdiocese of Aix". Catholic Encyclopedia. New York: Robert Appleton.

INSEE

 

The table contains the temperatures and precipitation of the city of Arles for the period 1948-1999, extracted from the site Sophy.u-3mrs.fr.

www.academia.edu/1166147/_The_Fall_and_Decline_of_the_Rom...

Rick Steves' Provence & the French Riviera, p. 78, at Google Books

Nelson's Dictionary of Christianity: The Authoritative Resource on the Christian World, p. 1173, at Google Books

Provence, p. 81, at Google Books

Wace, Dictionary)

Greene, Kevin (2000). "Technological Innovation and Economic Progress in the Ancient World: M.I. Finley Re-Considered". The Economic History Review. New Series. 53 (1): 29–59 [p. 39]. doi:10.1111/1468-0289.00151.

"Ville d'Histoire et de Patrimoine". Patrimoine.ville-arles.fr. Retrieved 2013-03-25.

"La meunerie de Barbegal". Etab.ac-caen.fr. Retrieved 2013-03-25.

jewishencyclopedia.com/articles/1784-arles

Fisher, R, ed (2011). Fodor's France 2011. Toronto and New York: Fodor's Travel, division of Random House. p. 563 ISBN 978-1-4000-0473-7.

"Espace Van Gogh". Visiter, Places of Interest. Arles Office de Tourisme. Retrieved 2011-04-29.

Original communiqué (May 13, 2008); second communiqué (May 20, 2008); report (May 20, 2008)

E.g."Divers find marble bust of Caesar that may date to 46 B.C.". Archived from the original on 2008-06-05. Retrieved 2008-05-14. , CNN-Online et al.

Video (QuickTime) Archived May 28, 2008, at the Wayback Machine. on the archaeological find (France 3)

Paul Zanker, "Der Echte war energischer, distanzierter, ironischer" Archived May 29, 2008, at the Wayback Machine., Sueddeutsche Zeitung, May 25, 2008, on-line

Mary Beard, "The face of Julius Caesar? Come off it!", TLS, May 14, 2008, on-line

Nathan T. Elkins, 'Oldest Bust' of Julius Caesar found in France?, May 14, 2008, on-line

Cp. this image at the AERIA library

A different approach was presented by Mary Beard, in that members of a military Caesarian colony would not have discarded portraits of Caesar, whom they worshipped as god, although statues were in fact destroyed by the Anti-Caesarians in the city of Rome after Caesar's assassination (Appian, BC III.1.9).

Konrat Ziegler & Walther Sontheimer (eds.), "Arelate", in Der Kleine Pauly: Lexikon der Antike, Vol. 1, col. 525, Munich 1979; in 46 BC, Caesar himself was campaigning in Africa, before later returning to Rome.

The Verbal Attack.

Face to face loud outcries,whirlwind of a thousand devastated groans,

surging insolent verbs, crushing thy sheltered boundaries of straits,

schowtens are swallowed in thee midst of thous tremendous escorted coasts,

scattered prides, disasters are thy furnished rewards,

too læt to call upon even Tolumnius to fight at thy side,

troubled oppressions are innumerable ordained,in thy residence of slumbering rage,

indignation disturbs thous venturing minds to a unctuous flame bearth,

threats engorge thy branches to a death sap partaking to thy blásphēmos dreg,

rise up from thy pit of oppugnare to thy place of rejoicing awe,

trust thy righteous judgments of enlightened rewards for all,

praising heaven mercy endures,congregations are one,

dignity in thy assembly, a hymn is pleased,

established thy prosperity in thy humble ones on knees that are pleading for redemption's salvation's praise!

Thy verbal attacks continue on none the less,deceitful ashes thrown on thy coals,

till our numbered days end,all of us sheep shall climb to exalt on thy highest of mounts,

all thy saints continue to teach,to ears that can't,no refuse to hear.

Steve.D.Hammond.

 

One of my favorite chapters in the Book of Psalms :

 

Psalm 91

 

1 He that dwelleth in the secret place of the most High shall abide under the shadow of the Almighty.

2 I will say of the Lord, He is my refuge and my fortress: my God; in him will I trust.

3 Surely he shall deliver thee from the snare of the fowler, and from the noisome pestilence.

4 He shall cover thee with his feathers, and under his wings shalt thou trust: his truth shall be thy shield and buckler.

 

5 Thou shalt not be afraid for the terror by night; nor for the arrow that flieth by day;

6 Nor for the pestilence that walketh in darkness; nor for the destruction that wasteth at noonday.

7 A thousand shall fall at thy side, and ten thousand at thy right hand; but it shall not come nigh thee.

8 Only with thine eyes shalt thou behold and see the reward of the wicked.

9 Because thou hast made the Lord, which is my refuge, even the most High, thy habitation;

 

10 There shall no evil befall thee, neither shall any plague come nigh thy dwelling.

11 For he shall give his angels charge over thee, to keep thee in all thy ways.

12 They shall bear thee up in their hands, lest thou dash thy foot against a stone.

13 Thou shalt tread upon the lion and adder: the young lion and the dragon shalt thou trample under feet.

14 Because he hath set his love upon me, therefore will I deliver him: I will set him on high, because he hath known my name.

15 He shall call upon me, and I will answer him: I will be with him in trouble; I will deliver him, and honour him.

16 With long life will I satisfy him, and shew him my salvation.

  

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ~~~

 

* "Last Exit Before Babylon" Beautiful warning message to Americans and everyone who are watching prophetic events unfold.

   

* Prophecy Update - November 11th, 2012

 

* Economic Collapse, Foreign Troops & Marshall Law with Steve Quayle

 

* Paul Begley New Jersey Awards Contract For RFID "666 Mark" To Radiant! ~ You can believe this or not .

 

Perversion and immorality abides - dark times :

* Gay Foreplay Taught In School In Maine!! video of Paul Begley

 

* EU budget talks for 2013 collapse

 

* Mass Animal Die-offs and Bible Prophecy

 

* BREAKING: MASSIVE RIOTS HIT MADRID, SPAIN

 

* ISRAEL "Hamas Leader Killed" (LIVE Video) Prophecy!

  

* The Anti Christ revealed - Bible Prophecy !

My personal belief ,the AntiChrist hasn't been revealed as the falling away hasn't

happened yet or the global need for peace ,perhaps a world war yet to happen.The "falling away" translated to greek means "departure" by which pre-tribulation rapture believing christians do believe it is and not alone attrbuted to people leaving the Christian faith .

Anyway , many speculations abound who the antichrist is.This video is one example ,

perhaps it holds water but AC is yet to be revealed in the future. He may not be as we thought .

I am not looking forward to see the Antichrist - Not in my dreams to be around at that time

to see him reigning in control of the global system . What Bible scholars had seen is the one world

global system as spoken in Revelations and it would not be any coincidence the world condition today

is heading to .Many world leaders are advocating for one world monetary system ,even the Vatican

calling for it.

     

* The Mark of the Beast ~ Today's Technology & Bible Prophecy

 

* Big Brother UK: 8 million children recorded on massive secret database

  

* UK classrooms may teach students about Internet porn - What ?!!!!

   

* Prophecy in the News: Cosmic Codes / Bible codes Interesting video !

  

* Signs of the Times with L.A. Marzulli Also talks about the BBC documentary about two strange women " Living in the fast lane ".

   

* "Belgium Will Become an Islamic State" and who's next ? This is truly a prophetic sign of the times coming to happen when real Christians will get more persecuted and sentenced even to death .

* New Euro Currency Shows Woman Riding the Beast

* Petitions seeking White House approval to ‘secede’ now come from 47 states

 

* More Layoffs at many companies : cite economy and Obama care as reasons

  

* We are Preparing for Massive Civil War, Says DHS Informant

 

* How fraudsters use your Facebook, LinkedIn and Twitter pages to build a jigsaw and steal your identity ~ This proves my point .If you ever find me on facebook , I methamorphosed into bearded man in his 60's.

  

* Google: Surveillance 'is on the rise'

 

* There Will Be War In The Middle East

 

* First three Gaza missiles hit Tel Aviv. Israel drafts 30,000 reservists

    

Israel and Hamas compete for EU sympathy ~ The Bible tells whose side the west will be on . Israel will be left alone soon , in solo to fight the war . God bless Israel and always.

 

* Over 1.2 million signatures/Obama Supporters call for Arrests/Deportation!!

   

* 2 rockets explode near Jerusalem

  

* "BREAKING: Jerusalem Hit By Rocket"

Of those who understand ,please pray for Israel .

 

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~<< ~~~~~~~@

 

Many of us may think it would not touch us if the middleast burns ,but take note mega inflation will happen ,perhaps will trigger global economic collapse . Can you cycle 60 miles to work 5 x a week when price of oil shoot up sky high ?

You may have resources enough to feed your family but think of others who will not have enough and will starve during the crisis .Have reflection of what is going on in some countries in EU ,example is Greece ,it breaks my heart .When people don't have enough and living for survival - try to figure out great social upheaval / cause and effect , surely will create an increase in criminalities ,lootings ,robberies and all evils,"where love of many will grow cold " as spoken in the Bible . Apart from the imminent nuclear threat ,some countries so involve with middleast affair ,including the country where I live in ,probability we might burn as well .But fear not if you have Yeshua or Jesus .

Hey doom and gloom again , for those critical of my postings and who just want to hear every rosy side of things ,well you have the choice to bury your head in the sand -- but it's rather good to be aware of what is to come and waking up others and as many into awareness than having pleasure of seeing others still sleeping / being caught up by hell of surprise unprepared .If it will not happen soon then many will be relieved but if this things spoken happens sooner ,it's good to be ready at all times .The most significant point is spiritual preparedness above prepping to save our physical bodies. Submitting ones life to Jesus ( no religion involve ) ,having personal relationship with Jesus is our way to eternal salvation .It's asking Jesus to come into our hearts and true repentance of our sins, and we're save in Christ. Jesus died for humanity for everyone to be save,for those who accept Him , the only sacrificial lamb of God to die once and for all .

 

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

Location :

Nile River

Luxor ,Egypt ( 2009 )

American postcard by American Postcard Company, 1982. Photo: Lawrence Irvine / New Line Cinema. Publicity still for Pink Flamingos (John Waters, 1972).

 

Harris Glenn Milstead, better known by his stage name Divine (1945-1988), was an American actor, singer, and drag queen. He was closely associated with the independent filmmaker John Waters. Divine became the international icon of bad taste cinema.

 

Harris Glenn Milstead was born in 1945 in Baltimore, Maryland to a conservative middle-class family. His parents were Harris Bernard Milstead and Frances Milstead (née Vukovich). Their only child, his parents lavished almost anything that he wanted upon him, including food. He became overweight, a condition he lived with for the rest of his life. Divine preferred to use his middle name, Glenn, to distinguish himself from his father, and was referred to as such by his parents and friends. When he was 17, his parents sent him to a psychiatrist, where he first realised his sexual attraction to men as well as women, something then taboo in conventional American society. In 1963, he began attending the Marinella Beauty School, where he learned hair styling and, after completing his studies, gained employment at a couple of local salons, specialising in the creation of beehives and other upswept hairstyles.

Milstead developed an early interest in drag while working as a women's hairdresser. He eventually gave up his job and for a while was financially supported by his parents, who catered to his expensive taste in clothes and cars. They reluctantly paid the many bills that he ran up financing lavish parties where he would dress up in drag as his favourite celebrity, actress Elizabeth Taylor. By the mid-1960s he had embraced the city's countercultural scene. His friend from high school, John Waters gave him the name 'Divine' and the tagline of 'the most beautiful woman in the world, almost'. Waters later remarked that he had borrowed the name Divine from a character in Jean Genet's novel Our Lady of the Flowers (1943). Along with his friend David Lochary, Divine joined Waters' acting troupe, the Dreamlanders (which also included Mary Vivian Pearce and Mink Stole), and adopted female roles for their experimental short films. The first was Roman Candles (John Waters, 1966), which was shown 'triple projected' on three 8mm projectors running simultaneously but was never released commercially. Divine starred in drag as a smoking nun. Other short films were Eat Your Makeup (John Waters, 1968), and The Diane Linkletter Story (John Waters, 1969), filmed on Sunday afternoons. Again in drag, he took a lead role in Waters' first full-length film, Mondo Trasho (John Waters, 1969) Divine as an unnamed blonde woman who drives around town and runs over a hitchhiker. In their review of the film, the Los Angeles Free Press exclaimed that "The 300-pound (140 kg) sex-symbol Divine is undoubtedly some sort of discovery." In 1970, he travelled to San Francisco, California, a city which had a large gay subculture that attracted Divine, who was then embracing his homosexuality. Divine played the role of Lady Divine, the operator of an exhibit known as The Cavalcade of Perversion who turns to murdering visitors in Waters's film Multiple Maniacs. The film contained several controversial scenes, notably one which involved Lady Divine masturbating using a rosary while sitting inside a church. In another, Lady Divine kills her boyfriend and proceeds to eat his heart; in actuality, Divine bit into a cow's heart which had gone rotten from being left out on the set all day. At the end of the film, Lady Divine is raped by a giant lobster named Lobstora, an act that drives her into madness; she subsequently goes on a killing spree in Fell's Point before being shot down by the National Guard. Due to its controversial nature, Waters feared that the film would be banned and confiscated by the Maryland Censor Board, so avoided their jurisdiction by only screening it at non-commercial venues, namely rented church premises. Multiple Maniacs was the first of Waters's films to receive widespread attention, as did Divine; KSFX remarked that "Divine is incredible! Could start a whole new trend in films." Following his San Francisco sojourn, Divine returned to Baltimore and participated in Pink Flamingos (John Waters, 1972). Designed by Waters to be an exercise in poor taste, the film featured Divine as Babs Johnson, living in a pink trailer with her egg-eating grandmother, chicken-loving son and voyeuristic daughter. Babs claims to be 'the filthiest person alive' and she is forced to prove her right to the title from challengers, Connie (Mink Stole) and Raymond Marble (David Lochary). In one scene, the Marbles send Babs a turd in a box as a birthday present, and in order to enact this scene, Divine defecated into the box the night before. The final scene in the film proved particularly infamous, involving Babs eating fresh dog feces; Divine later told a reporter, "I followed that dog around for three hours just zooming in on its asshole," waiting for it to empty its bowels so that they could film the scene. The scene became one of the most notable moments of Divine's acting career, and he later complained of people thinking that "I run around doing it all the time". The film proved a hit on the U.S. midnight movie circuit, became a cult classic, and established Divine's fame within the American counterculture.

 

Divine returned to San Francisco, where he and Mink Stole starred in a number of small-budget plays at the Palace Theater as part of drag troupe The Cockettes, including Divine and Her Stimulating Studs, Divine Saves the World, Vice Palace, Journey to the Center of Uranus and The Heartbreak of Psoriasis. In 1974, Divine returned to Baltimore to film Waters's next motion picture, Female Trouble, in which he played the lead role. Divine was unable to appear in Waters's next feature, Desperate Living (John Waters, 1977), despite the fact that the role of Mole McHenry had been written for him. This was because he had returned to working in the theatre as the scheming prison matron Pauline in Tom Eyen's play Women Behind Bars and its sequel, The Neon Woman. While in London in 1978, Divine attended as the guest of honour at the fourth Alternative Miss World pageant, a 'mock' event founded by Andrew Logan in 1972 in which 'drag queens' – including men, women and children – competed for the prize. The event was filmed by director Richard Gayer, whose subsequent film, entitled Alternative Miss World, premiered at the Odeon in London's Leicester Square as well as featuring at the Cannes Film Festival, both events which were attended by Divine. Continuing his cinematic work, he starred in Polyester (John Waters, 1981) as Francine Fishpaw. Unlike earlier roles, Fishpaw was not a strong female but a meek and victimized woman who falls in love with her dream lover, Todd Tomorrow, played by Tab Hunter. The film was released in 'Odorama', accompanied by 'scratch 'n' sniff' cards for the audience to smell at key points in the film. In 1981, Divine embarked on a career in the disco industry by producing a number of Hi-NRG tracks, most of which were written by Bobby Orlando. He achieved international chart success with hits like 'You Think You're a Man', 'I'm So Beautiful', and 'Walk Like a Man', all of which were performed in drag. The next Divine film, Lust in the Dust (Paul Bartel, 1985), reunited him with Tab Hunter and was Divine's first film not directed by John Waters. Set in the Wild West during the nineteenth century, the film was a sex comedy that starred Divine as Rosie Velez, a promiscuous woman who works as a singer in saloons and competes for the love of Abel Wood (Tab Hunter) against another woman (Lainie Kazan). A parody of the Western Duel in the Sun (King Vidor, 1946), the film was a moderate critical success. Divine followed this production with a very different role, that of gay male gangster Hilly Blue in Trouble in Mind (Alan Rudolph, 1985), starring Kris Kristofferson and Keith Carradine. The script was written with Divine in mind. Although not a major character in the film, Divine had been eager to play the part because he wished to perform in more male roles and leave behind the stereotype of simply being a female impersonator. Reviews of the film were mixed, as were the evaluations of Divine's performance. The he reunited with John Waters for Hairspray (John Waters, 1988), which represented his breakthrough into mainstream cinema. Set in Baltimore during the 1960s, Hairspray revolved around self-proclaimed "pleasantly plump" teenager Tracy Turnblad (Ricki Lake) as she pursues stardom as a dancer on a local television show and rallies against racial segregation. As he had in Female Trouble, Divine took on two roles in the film, one of which was female and the other male. The first of these, Edna Turnblad, was Tracy's loving mother; the other was the racist head of the station that airs the Corny Collins show. Hairspray was only a moderate success upon its initial theatrical release, earning a modest gross of $8 million. However, it managed to attract a larger audience on home video in the early 1990s and became a cult classic. Divine's final film role was in the low-budget comedy horror Out of the Dark (Michael Schroeder, 1989), produced with the same crew as Lust in the Dust. Appearing in only one scene within the film, he played the character of Detective Langella, a foulmouthed policeman investigating the murders of a killer clown. Out of the Dark would be released the year after Divine's death. On 7 March 1988, three weeks after Hairspray was released nationwide, Divine was staying at the Regency Plaza Suites Hotel in Los Angeles. He was scheduled to film a guest appearance the following day as Uncle Otto on the Fox network's television series Married... with Children in the second season wrap-up episode. Shortly before midnight, he died in his sleep, at age 42, of an enlarged heart (according to Wikipdia or respiratory failure caused by sleep apnea (according to IMDb). It was probably a combination. Described by People magazine as the 'Drag Queen of the Century', Divine has remained a cult figure, particularly within the LGBT community, and has provided the inspiration for fictional characters, artworks, and songs. Various books and documentary films devoted to his life have also been produced, including Divine Trash (1998) and I Am Divine (2013), written by Divine's manager and friend Bernard Jay. Frances Milstead subsequently cowrote her own book about Divine, entitled My Son Divine (2001), with Kevin Heffernan and Steve Yeager. His mother's continued relationship with the gay community was later documented in a film Frances: A Mother Divine (Tim Dunn, Michael O'Quinn, 2010)

 

Sources: Wikipedia and IMDb.

NME (New Musical Express) published its list of the 500 all time greatest albums this week, based on its poll of roughly 80 critics who work for it. I saw a listing on the internet of the NME top 500 and it's set out below. The stars indicate the albums that would probably make my personal top 500 and the check marks indicate albums I've listened to that don't make my personal top 500.

 

This is in my sweet spot. When a bunch of highly knowledgeable critics decide on the "best ever' I'm going to seek that music out. They've heard more music than I ever have (there are 188 records on the list that I've never listened to).

 

Still, I have some quibbles about the list. The Smiths at #1? I've never understood the appeal of the Smiths. I went back and listened again to "The Queen Is Dead" and found it just as unbearable as ever. Maybe it's a British thing.

 

Second, no Robert Johnson or Hank Williams? I'm betting this is because the list seems to ban compilation albums and Johnson and Williams recorded exclusively as singles artists. But it just seems wrong to claim that the 500 best all time records don't include Hank Williams or Robert Johnson.

 

Third, where are the great British folkies? How can there be no Richard Thompson, no Fairport Convention, and no Pentangle? [Update: I see I'm wrong and that Fairport Convention is at #110. Still, why no Richard Thompson?]

 

Fourth, the list seems to ignore most of the world (maybe there's a rule saying English language only). But you can't have a list of the 500 best of all time with no Nusrat Fateh Ali Khan and not a single album from Brazil.

 

Fifth, where's WIllie Nelson?

 

-----------------------------

★ - Would be on my personal Top 500

✓ - Have listened to album and would not be in my personal Top 500

? - Have listened to album and still undecided about it

~ - Have listened to album and it stinks

  

~1. The Smiths - The Queen Is Dead (1986)

★ 2. The Beatles - Revolver (1966)

★ 3. David Bowie - Hunky Dory (1972)

★4. The Strokes - Is This It (2001)

★5. The Velvet Underground - The Velvet Underground & Nico (1966)

★ 6. Pulp - Different Class (1995)

★7. The Stone Roses - The Stone Roses (1989)

★8. Pixies - Doolittle (1989)

★9. The Beatles - The Beatles (1968)

✓ 10. Oasis - Definitely Maybe (1994)

★11. Nirvana - Nevermind (1991)

✓ 12. Patti Smith - Horses (1975)

✓ 13. Arcade Fire - Funeral (2004)

★14. David Bowie - Low (1977)

✓ 15. PJ Harvey - Let England Shake (2011)

✓ 16. Joy Division - Closer (1980)

✓ 17. Public Enemy - It Takes A Nation Of Millions To Hold Us Back (1988)

✓ 18. My Bloody Valentine - Loveless (1991)

✓ 19. Arctic Monkeys - Whatever People Say I Am, That's What I'm Not (2006)

✓ 20. Radiohead - OK Computer (1997)

✓ 21. Kanye West - My Beautiful Dark Twisted Fantasy (2010)

✓ 22. Blur - Parklife (1994)

★23. David Bowie - The Rise And Fall Of Ziggy Stardust And The Spiders From Mars (1972)

✓ 24. The Rolling Stones - Exile On Main St. Street (1972)

★25. Marvin Gaye - What's Going On (1971)

✓ 26. The Beach Boys - Pet Sounds (1966)

✓ 27. Primal Scream - Screamadelica (1991)

✓ 28. Amy Winehouse - Back To Black (2006)

★29. Television - Marquee Moon (1977)

✓ 30. Wu-Tang Clan - Enter The Wu-Tang (36 Chambers) (1993)

✓ 31. Suede - Dog Man Star (1994)

✓ 32. Beastie Boys - Paul's Boutique (1989)

✓ 33. Blur - Modern Life Is Rubbish (1993)

★34. The Beatles - Abbey Road (1969)

★35. Nirvana - In Utero (1993)

★36. Bob Dylan - Blood On The Tracks (1975)

✓ 37. Love - Forever Changes (1967)

★38. Sex Pistols - Never Mind The Bollocks... Here's The Sex Pistols (1977)

✓ 39. The Clash - London Calling (1979)

★40. Joy Division - Unknown Pleasure (1979)

★41. Sonic Youth - Daydream Nation (1988)

~ 42. Stevie Wonder - Innervisions (1973)

★43. The Beatles - Rubber Soul (1965)

44. Manic Street Preachers - The Holy Bible (1994)

✓ 45. Blondie - Parallel Lines (1978)

~ 46. Björk - Debut (1993)

47. The Smiths - Strangeways, Here We Come (1987)

48. Kate Bush - Hounds Of Love (1985)

✓ 49. LCD Soundsystem - Sound Of Silver (2007)

★50. Dusty Springfield - Dusty In Memphis (1969)

 

✓ 51. Fleetwood Mac - Rumours (1977)

✓ 52. The Rolling Stones - Let It Bleed (1969)

✓ 53. David Bowie - Station To Station (1976)

★54. Talking Heads - Remain In Light (1980)

✓ 55. The Rolling Stones - Sticky Fingers (1971)

✓ 56. Neil Young - After The Gold Rush (1970)

57. Kraftwerk - The Man Machine (1978)

★58. Pixies - Surfer Rosa (1988)

59. Radiohead - In Rainbows (2007)

✓ 60. Massive Attack - Blue Lines (1991)

✓ 61. The Clash - The Clash (1977)

★62. Bob Dylan - Blonde On Blonde (1966)

✓ 63. Joni Mitchell - Blue (1971)

★64. Bob Dylan - Highway 61 Revisited (1965)

✓ 65. REM - Automatic For The People (1992)

66. Radiohead - The Bends (1995)

✓ 67. Oasis - (What's The Story) Morning Glory (1995)

★ 68. Van Morrison - Astral Weeks (1968)

✓ 69. REM - Murmur (1983)

70. The Libertines - Up The Bracket (2002)

✓ 71. Neil Young - Harvest (1972)

★ 72. Lou Reed - Transformer (1972)

★ 73. Bob Dylan - Bringing It All Back Home (1965)

74. Nas - IIImatic (1994)

✓ 75. Green Day - Dookie (1994)

76. Daft Punk - Discovery (2001)

★ 77. The White Stripes - White Blood Cells (2001)

✓ 78. Suede - Suede (1993)

✓ 79. Miles Davis - Kind Of Blue (1959)

★ 80. Iggy And The Stooges - Raw Power (1973)

✓ 81. Kraftwerk - Trans-Europe Express (1977)

✓ 82. Carole King - Tapestry (1971)

★ 83. The Band - The Band (1969)

✓ 84. Hole - Live Through This (1994)

✓ 85. Bruce Springsteen - Born To Run (1975)

✓ 86. Jeff Buckley - Grace (1994)

★ 87. The Beatles - Sgt Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band (1967)

★ 88. Roxy Music - For Your Pleasure (1973)

✓ 89. Lauryn Hill - The Miseducation Of Lauryn Hill (1998)

90. The Streets - A Grand Don't Come For Free (2004)

✓ 91. Prince And The Revolution - Purple Rain (1984)

? 92. Super Furry Animals - Radiator (1997)

93. Queens Of The Stone Age - Songs For The Deaf (2002)

★ 94. The Rolling Stone - Beggars Banquet (1968)

95. Talk Talk - Spirit Of Eden (1988)

✓ 96. Public Enemy - Fear Of A Black Planet (1990)

✓ 97. The Smiths - The Smiths (1984)

✓ 98. Neutral Milk Hotel - In The Aeroplane Over The Sea (1998)

99. The Libertines - The Libertines (2004)

100. The Smiths - Hatful Of Hollow (1984)

  

✓ 101. Kraftwerk - Computer World

102. The Flaming Lips - The Soft Bulletin

★ 103. The Jimi Hendrix Experience - Electric Ladyland

★ 104. The Stooges - Funhouse

★ 105. Tom Waits - Rain Dogs

★ 106. Led Zeppelin - IV

107. Rage Against the Machine - Rage Against the Machine

108. Weezer - Pinkerton

✓ 109. Bruce Springsteen - Darkness on the Edge of Town

✓ 110. Fairport Convention - Liege and Lief

111. The Human League - Dare

112. GZA - Liquid Swords

★ 113. Belle and Sebastian - If You're Feeling Sinister

✓ 114. Radiohead - Kid A

✓ 115. Teenage Fanclub - Bandwagonesque

★ 116. The White Stripes - Elephant

✓ 117. ABC - The Lexicon of Love

✓ 118. Dexys Midnight Runners - Searching or the Young Soul Rebels

119. Pulp - His 'N' Hers

★ 120. De La Soul - 3 Feet High and Rising

121. Aphex Twin - Selected Ambient Works 85-92

122. New Order - Technique

★ 123. Blur - 13

★ 124. Paul Simon - Graceland

✓ 125. James Brown - Live at the Apollo

✓ 126. Beastie Boys - Ill Communication

✓ 127. Ramones - Ramones

✓ 128. The Verve - Urban Hymns

✓ 129. Neil Young - On the Beach

130. Interpol - Turn on the Bright Lights

✓ 131. Michael Jackson - Thriller

✓ 132. Pink Floyd - Dark Side of the Moon

★ 133. John Lennon/Plastic Ono Band - John Lennon/Plastic Ono Band

★ 134. PJ Harvey - Stories From the City, Stories From the Sea

★ 135. Eminem - The Marshall Mathers LP

✓ 136. Yeah Yeah Yeahs - Fever to Tell

✓ 137. Blur - Blur

~ 138. Sufjan Stevens - Illinois

139. The Cure - Disintegration

✓ 140. Nick Drake - Bryter Layter

★ 141. Bob Marley and the Wailers - Natty Dread

✓ 142. Serge Gainsbourg - Histoire De Melody Nelson

✓ 143. Bob Dylan - Desire

★ 144. The Jimi Hendrix Experience - Are You Experienced

★ 145. The Zombies - Odessey and Oracle

✓ 146. At the Drive-In - Relationship of Command

✓ 147. Frank Ocean - Channel Orange

~ 148. Bruce Springsteen - Nebraska

149. Elliot Smith - Either/Or

✓ 150. The Streets - Original Pirate Material

  

★ 151. PJ Harvey - Dry

152. Mercury Rev - Deserter's Songs

✓ 153. The La's - The La's

★ 154. PJ Harvey - To Bring You My Love

155. The Prodigy - Music For the Jilted Generation

★ 156. Spiritualized - Ladies and Gentlemen We're Floating In Space

★ 157. The Jesus and Mary Chain - Psychocandy

158. Wild Beasts - Two Dancers

★ 159. Gang of Four - Entertainment!

160. Primal Scream - XTRMTR

✓ 161. Arcade Fire - The Suburbs

✓ 162. The National - The Boxer

163. Neu - Neu '75!

✓ 164. Johnny Cash - At Folsom Prison

165. Nick Cave and the Bad Seeds - Let Love In

★ 166. Pulp - This is Hardcore

★ 167. Aretha Franklin - Lady Soul

168. Portishead - Dummy

169. Dexys Midnight Runners - Don't Stand Me Down

170. Smashing Pumpkins - Siamese Dream

★ 171. Talking Heads - Fear of Music

~172. Stevie Wonder - Songs in the Key of Life

★ 173. Led Zeppelin - III

174. Bright Eyes - I'm Wide Awake, It's Morning

★ 175. David Bowie - Young Americans

~176. Rufus Wainwright - Want One

177. Mogwai - Young Team

178. The Coral - The Coral

✓ 179. Missy Elliott - Miss E…So Addictive

★ 180. X-Ray Spex - Germ Free Adolescents

181. Boards of Canada - Music Has the Right to Children

182. Manic Street Preachers - Everything Must Go

✓ 183. OutKast - Speakerboxxx/The Love Below

✓ 184. MIA - Kala

✓ 185. Eric B and Rakim - Paid in Full

? 186. Jay-Z - The Blueprint

187. My Bloody Valentine - Isn't Anything

188. John Coltrane - A Love Supreme

✓ 189. Todd Rungren - A Wizard, A True Star

190. Pink Floyd - Piper At the Gates of Dawn

★ 191. Elastica - Elastica

✓ 192. Franz Ferdinand - Franz Ferdinand

193. Ryan Adams - Gold

✓ 194. Guns N' Roses - Appetite For Destruction

★ 195. The Beatles - A Hard Day's Night

✓ 196. The Stranglers - Rattus Norvegicus

✓ 197. AC/DC - Back in Black

✓ 198. Prince - Sign O' The Times

199. The Boo Radleys - Giant Steps

✓ 200. The Breeders - Last Splash

 

201. The Fall - Hex Enduction Hour

✓ 202. Tricky - Maxinquaye

? 203. Beach House - Teen Dream

✓ 204. Michael Jackson - Bad

✓ 205. NWA - Straight Outta Compton

★ 206. Pavement - Slanted and Enchanted

★ 207. Janis Joplin - Pearl

✓ 208. Chic - Risque

209. Kate Bush - The Kick Inside

★ 210. The Magnetic Fields - 69 Love Songs

✓ 211. Grace Jones - Nightclubbing

212. Kings of Leon - Youth and Young Manhood

✓ 213. Funkadelic - One Nation Under a Groove

✓ 214. Air - Moon Safari

215. Massive Attack - Mezzanine

✓ 216. New Order - Power, Lies and Corrruption

✓ 217. Iggy Pop - Lust for Life

218. The Horrors - Primary Colours

✓ 219. The Jam - All Mod Cons

220. The National - Alligator

✓ 221. Marianne Faithful - Broken English

222. Fever Ray - Fever Ray

✓ 223. Arcade Fire - Neon Bible

224. Echo and the Bunnymen - Heaven Up Here

★ 225. T Rex - Electric Warrior

★ 226. The Doors - The Doors

★ 227. John Lennon - Imagine

✓ 228. Pavement - Brighten the Corners

✓ 229. Public Image Ltd - Metal Box

★ 230. David Bowie - Aladdin Sane

✓ 231. Dr. Dre - The Chronic

★ 232. Leonard Cohen - The Songs of Leonard Cohen

233. Babyshambles - Down In Albion

234. Pet Shop Boys - Behaviour

235. Nick Cave and the Bad Seeds - Murder Ballads

★ 236. Suicide - Suicide

237. The xx - The xx

238. Yeah Yeah Yeahs - Show Your Bones

239. Dizzee Rascal - Boy In Da Corner

✓ 240. Ian Dury - New Boots and Panties!!

241. Madonna - Ray of Light

✓ 242. Michael Jackson - Off the Wall

✓ 243. Joni Mitchell - The Hissing of Summer Lawns

244. Wild Beasts - Smother

245. Super Furry Animals - Fuzzy Logic

★ 246. Nirvana - MTV Unplugged In New York

247. Glasvegas - Glasvegas

★ 248. Eminem - The Slim Shady LP

✓ 249. Prodigy - The Fat of the Land

250. Weezer - Weezer

 

✓ 251. The Beach Boys - Surf's Up

252. Grimes - Visions

253. Pussy Galore - Exile on Main St

✓ 254. The Smiths - Meat is Murder

255. Metronomy - The English Riviera

★ 256. Elvis Costello and the Attractions - This Year's Model

257. Nick Cave and the Bad Seeds - The Boatman's Call

✓ 258. Nick Drake - Five Leaves Left

✓ 259. Public Enemy - Yo! Bum Rush the Stage

★ 260. The Specials - The Specials

★ 261. Bob Marley and the Wailers - Live!

✓ 262. Boogie Down Productions - Criminal Minded

263. Laura Marling - I Speak Because I Can

★ 264. The Beatles - Please Please Me

265. Hole - Celebrity Skin

266. Coldplay - A Rush of Blood to the Head

267. Dr. Feelgood - Stupidity

268. Todd Rungren - Todd

269. The Horrors - Skying

✓ 270. The Kinks - The Village Green Preservation Society

✓ 271. The Velvet Underground - Loaded

272. Coldplay - Parachutes

✓ 273. Kanye West - The College Dropout

✓ 274. R.E.M. - Green

✓ 275. The Who - Quadrophenia

276. Echo and the Bunnymen - Ocean Rain

277. The Sunday - Reading, Writing and Arithmetic

✓ 278. The Slits - Cut

★ 279. Captain Beefhart and his Magical Band - Trout Mask Replica

280. Aphex Twin - Drukqs

★ 281. Elvis Costello - My Aim is True

282. Teenage Fanclub - Grand Prix

★ 283. Roxy Music - Roxy Music

★ 284. Fugazi - 13 Songs

285. Marvin Gaye - Midnight Love

286. Screaming Trees - Dust

✓ 287. Slayer - Reign In Blood

288. Stevie Wonder - Music of My Mind

★ 289. The Modern Lovers - The Modern Lovers

290. The Bluetones - Expecting to Fly

★ 291. The Byrds - Younger than Yesterday

292. The Cribs - The New Fellas

✓ 293. Aztec Camera - High Land Hard Rain

294. Klaxons - Myths of the Near Future

✓ 295. Snoop Doggy Dogg - Doggystyle

✓ 296. David Bowie - Let's Dance

297. Can - Ege Bamyasi

298. Malcolm McLaren -

✓ 299. The Go-Betweens - 16 Lovers Lane

✓ 300. The Who - The Who By Numbers

 

301. Arthur Russell - World of Echo

302. Daft Punk - Homework

303. Charles Mingus - Mingus Ah Um

304. The Orb - UFOrb

★ 305. Rod Stewart - Every Picture Tells a Story

★ 306. Bob Dyan - The Freewheelin' Bob Dylan

✓ 307. Beck - Midnight Vultures

308. Lemonheads - It's a Shame About Ray

309. Metallica - Metallica

✓ 310. Steely Dan - Countdown to Ecstacy

311. Super Furry Animals - Guerilla

312. Cocteau Twins - Treasure

★ 313. Tom Waits - Frank's Wild Years

✓ 314. Slint - Spiderland

★ 315. Big Brother and the Holding Company - Cheap Thrills

✓ 316. Elvis Costello and the Attractions - Imperial Bedroom

★ 317. Gram Parsons - Grievous Angel

✓ 318. Ice-T - OG Original Gangster

✓ 319. The Who - Who's Next

★ 320. Tom Waits - Swordfishtrombones

321. Doves - Lost Souls

322. LCD - This is Happening

✓ 323. Miles Davis - Bitches Brew

✓ 324. R.E.M. - Life's Rich Pageant

325. Beck - Sea Change

★ 326. Yo La Tengo - I Can Hear the Heart Beating As One

✓ 327. Beck - Mutations

✓ 328. The Flaming Lips - Yoshimi Battles the Pink Robots

★ 329. David Bowie - "Heroes"

330. Portishead - Third

✓ 331. MC5 - Kick out the Jams

332. Shack - HMS Fable

~ 333. Paul McCartney and Wings - Band on the Run

334. The Avalanches - Since I Left You

335. Queens of the Stoneage - …Like Clockwork

✓ 336. Neneh Cherry - Raw Like Sushi

337. Danger Mouse - The Grey Album

✓ 338. Notorious BIG - Ready to Die

339. Pearl Jam - Ten

✓ 340. Sister Sledge - We Are Family

★ 341. Tom Waits - Closing Time

★ 342. Spritualized - Lazer Guided Melodies

★ 343. Bob Dylan - John Wesley Harding

✓ 344. Eels - Beautiful Freak

✓ 345. Elvis Costello - Punch the Clock

✓ 346. New Order - Low Life

★ 347. Sonic Youth - Dirty

348. Whitney Houston - Whitney

349. Alt-J - An Awesome Wave

350. Black Rebel Motorcycle Club - BRMC

  

★ 351. The Byrds - Sweetheart of the Rodeo

★ 352. The Velvet Underground - White Light/White Heat

353. Mclusky - Mclusky Do Dallas

354. Isaac Hayes - Hot Buttered Soul

★ 355. New York Dolls - New York Dolls

★ 356. Pixies - Bossanova

✓ 357. Sugar - Copper Blue

358. Robert Wyatt - Rock Bottom

✓ 359. The Mothers of Invention - We're Only In it for the Money

360. The Strokes - Room on Fire

✓ 361. The Faces - A Nod is as Good as a Wink…the a Bliind Horse

✓ 362. Beastie Boys - Hello Nasty

✓ 363. Black Flag - Damaged

✓ 364. Bon Iver - For Emma, Forever Ago

✓ 365. Dead Kennedys - Fresh Fruit for Rotting Vegatables

366. Leonard Cohen - Songs of Love and Hate

367. Metronomy - Nights Out

368. Radiohead - Hail to the Thief

369. St Vincent - Strange Mercy

✓ 370. The Cribs - Men's Needs, Women's Needs, Whatever

★ 371. Beck - Odelay

★ 372. Big Black - Atomizer

373. Curtis Mayfield - There's No Place Like America Today

★ 374. Frank Sinatra - In the Wee Small Hours

375. Morrissey - Vauxhall and I

376. Sam Cooke - Live At The Harlem Square Club

377. Roy Harper - Stormcock

★ 378. Wire - Pink Flag

✓ 379. Belle & Sebastian - The Boy With The Arab Strap

380. Bloc Party - Silent Alarm

✓ 381. David Bowie - Scary Monsters (And Super Creeps)

✓ 382. Simon and Garfunkel - Bridge Over Troubled Water

383. The Long Blondes - Someone To Drive You Home

★ 384. Elvis Presley - Elvis Presley

★ 385. The White Stripes - Get Behind Me Satan

★ 386. Gillian Wellch - Revival

✓ 387. The Clash - Combat Rock

388. Tim Buckley - Happy Sad

★ 389. Le Tigre - Le Tigre

390. The Verve - A Northern Soul

391. Burial - Burial

392. Edan - Beauty and the Beat

★ 393. Prince - Dirty Mind

★ 394. Wire - Chairs Missing

★ 395. The White Stripes - De Stijl

✓ 396. Heartbreakers - L.A.M.F.

397. Jay-Z - Reasonable Doubt

★ 398. Neil Young - Everybody Knows This Is Nowhere

399. Nick Cave and The Bad Seeds - The Lyre of Orpheus/Abattoir Blues

★ 400. The Fall - This Nation's Saving Grace

  

✓ 401. 20 Jazz Funk Greats - Throbbing Gristle

402. Twenty One - Mystery Jets

403. Vespertine - Bjork

404. No Other - Gene Clark

★ 405. Otis Blue - Otis Redding

✓ 406. Rated R - Queens of the Stone Age

407. Going Blank Again - Ride

★ 408. Crooked Rain, Crooked Rain - Pavement

409. Tago Mago - Can

410. Antics - Interpol

411. Madvillainy - Madvillain

✓ 412. Entroducing... - DJ Shadow

413. Pills N Thrills and Bellyaches - Happy Mondays

✓ 414. Dig Your Own Hole - The Chemical Brothers

✓ 415. Chet Baker Sings - Chet Baker

✓ 416. Merriweather Post Pavillion - Animal Collective

417. 1977 - Ash

✓ 418. Electro-Shock Blues - Eels

419. Let It Come Down - Spiritualized

420. People's Instinctive Travels... - A Tribe Called Quest

★ 421. Radio City - Big Star

422. Too-Rye-Ay - Dexys Midnight Runners

✓ 423. Live at Leeds - The Who

424. The Joshua Tree - U2

425. Nancy and Lee - Nancy Sinatra and Lee Hazelwood

★ 426. Goo - Sonic Youth

★ 427. Here Comes the Warm Jets - Brian Eno

✓ 428. Born in the USA - Bruce Springsteen

429. Bleed America - Jimmy Eat World

430. Scott 4 - Scott Walker

431. Badmotorfinger - Soundgarden

★ 432. Tindersticks - Tindersticks

433. 2001 - Dr. Dre

434. Steve McQueen - Prefab Sprout

✓ 435. Easter - Patti Smith

436. Mirrored - Battles

★ 437. Dear Science - TV on the Radio

438. Aha Shake Heartbreak - Kings of Leon

439. The Futureheads - The Futureheads

✓ 440. Life's a Riot with Spy vs. Spy - Billy Bragg

441. Arrival - ABBA

✓ 442. Al Green is Love - Al Green

✓ 443. Sometimes I Wish We Were an Eagle - Bill Callahan

444. Violator - Depeche Mode

✓ 445. Tusk - Fleetwood Mac

446. The Warning - Hot Chip

✓ 447. Diamond Dogs - David Bowie

448. Sci-Fi Lullabies - Suede

449. AM - Arctic Monkeys

★ 450. Rid of Me - PJ Harvey

  

★ 451. Third/Sister Lovers- Big Star

★ 452. The B-52's- The B-52's

453. The House of Love- The House of Love

454. The Writing on the Wall- Destiny's Child

✓ 455. Vampire Weekend- Vampire Weekend

456. September of My Years- Frank Sinatra

✓ 457. Black Cherry- Goldfrapp

✓ 458. Yankee Hotel Foxtrot- Wilco

★ 459. The Black Album- Jay-Z

★ 460. Bleach- Nirvana

461. Generation Terrorists- Manic Street Preachers

462. Master of Puppets- Metallica

✓ 463. Pod- The Breeders

464. Because of the Times- Kings of Leon

465. High Violet- The National

✓ 466. The W- Wu-Tang Clan

✓ 467. The Idiot- Iggy Pop

468. Chutes Too Narrow- The Shins

469. Holland- The Beach Boys

470. Graduation- Kanye West

471. Oracular Spectacular- MGMT

✓ 472. Mellon Collie and the Infinite Sadness- Smashing Pumpkins

473. A Storm in Heaven- The Verve

474. Tarot Sport- f**k Buttons

475. Smoke Ring for My Halo- Kurt Vile

476. Foo Fighters- Foo Fighters

477. Crystal Castles- Crystal Castles

478. Trouble Will Find Me- The National

479. The Real Ramona- Throwing Muses

★ 480. I Never Loved a Man the Way I Love You- Aretha Franklin

✓ 481. Smile- Brian Wilson

482. Lady in Satin- Billie Holiday

✓ 483. Blood and Chocolate- Elvis Costello & The Attractions

✓ 484. The River- Bruce Springsteen

★ 485. Good Kid, M.A.A.D City- Kendrick Lamar

✓ 486. Homogenic- Bjork

✓ 487. Sound Affects- The Jam

488. I'm Your Man- Leonard Cohen

489. George Best- The Wedding Present

★ 490. Back in the USA- MC5

✓ 491. Actually- Pet Shop Boys

492. Hidden- These New Puritans

493. Blood- This Mortal Coil

494. The Head on the Door- The Cure

★ 495. Hot Fuss- The Killers

496. Album- Girls

497. Random Access Memories- Daft Punk

★ 498. Berlin- Lou Reed

✓ 499. Star- Belly

✓ 500. Stankonia- OutKast

 

British postcard by Palm Pictures, no. C 20. Photo: Steve Schapiro. Robert de Niro in Taxi Driver (Martin Scorsese, 1976).

 

Legendary American actor Robert De Niro (1943) has starred in such classic films as Taxi Driver (1976), Novecento/1900 (1978), The Deer Hunter (1978), Awakenings (1990) and GoodFellas (1990). His role in The Godfather: Part II (1974) brought him his first Academy Award, and he scored his second Oscar for his portrayal of Jake La Motta in Raging Bull (1980). De Niro worked with many acclaimed film directors, including Brian DePalma, Francis Coppola, Elia Kazan, Bernardo Bertolucci and, most importantly, Martin Scorsese. He also appeared in French, British and Italian films.

 

Robert Anthony De Niro was born in the Greenwich Village area of Manhattan, New York City in 1943. His mother, Virginia Admiral, was a cerebral and gifted painter, and his father, Robert De Niro Sr., was a painter, sculptor and poet whose work received high critical acclaim. They split ways in 1945 when young Robert was only 2 years old after his father announced that he was gay. De Niro was raised primarily by his mother, who took on work as a typesetter and printer in order to support her son. A bright and energetic child, Robert De Niro was incredibly fond of attending films with his father when they spent time together. De Niro's mother worked part-time as a typist and copyeditor for Maria Picator's Dramatic Workshop, and as part of her compensation, De Niro was allowed to take children's acting classes for free. At the age of 10, De Niro made his stage debut as the Cowardly Lion in a school production of The Wizard of Oz. De Niro proved to be uninterested in school altogether and, as a teenager, joined a rather tame street gang in Little Italy that gave him the nickname Bobby Milk, in reference to his pale complexion. While De Niro was by all accounts only a very modest troublemaker, the gang provided him with experience to skilfully portray Italian mobsters as an actor. He left school at age 16 to study acting at Stella Adler Conservatory. Adler, who had taught Marlon Brando and Rod Steiger, was a strong proponent of the Stanislavski method of acting, involving deep psychological character investigation. He studied briefly with Lee Strasberg at the Actor's Studio in New York City and then began auditioning. After a momentary cameo in the French film Trois chambres à Manhattan/Three Rooms in Manhattan (Marcel Carné, 1965), De Niro's real film debut came in Greetings (Brian De Palma, 1968). However, De Niro's first film role already came at the age of 20, when he appeared credited as Robert Denero in De Palma’s The Wedding Party (Brian De Palma, Wilford Leach, 1963), but the film was not released until 1969. He then appeared in Roger Corman's film Bloody Mama (1970), featuring Shelley Winters. His breakthrough performances came a few years later in two highly acclaimed films: the sports drama Bang the Drum Slowly (John D. Hancock, 1973), in which he played a terminally ill catcher on a baseball team, and the crime film Mean Streets (1973), his first of many collaborations with director Martin Scorsese, in which he played street thug Johnny Boy opposite Harvey Keitel.

 

Robert De Niro and Martin Scorsese worked successfully together on eight films: Mean Streets (1973), Taxi Driver (1976), New York, New York (1977), Raging Bull (1980), The King of Comedy (1983), Goodfellas (1990), Cape Fear (1991), and Casino (1995). In 1974, De Niro established himself as one of America’s finest actors with his Academy Award-winning portrayal of the young Vito Corleone in The Godfather: Part II (Francis Ford Coppola, 1974), a role for which he learned to speak Sicilian. Two years later, De Niro delivered perhaps the most chilling performance of his career, playing vengeful cabbie Travis Bickle in Taxi Driver (Martin Scorsese, 1976) alongside Jodie Foster. His iconic performance as Travis Bickle catapulted him to stardom and forever linked his name with Bickle's famous "You talkin' to me?" monologue, which De Niro largely improvised. In Italy, De Niro appeared opposite Gérard Dépardieu in the epic historical drama Novecento/1900 (Bernardo Bertolucci, 1976). The film is an exploration of life in Italy in the first half of the 20th century, seen through the eyes of two Italian childhood friends on opposite sides of society's hierarchy. He also starred in The Last Tycoon (1976), the last film directed by Elia Kazan. The Hollywood drama is based upon Harold Pinter's screenplay adaptation of F. Scott Fitzgerald's The Last Tycoon, De Niro continued to show his tremendous skill as a dramatic actor in the Vietnam war drama The Deer Hunter (Michael Cimino, 1978). The film follows a group of friends haunted by their Vietnam experiences. De Niro later portrayed middleweight boxer Jake LaMotta in the commercially unsuccessful but critically adored film Raging Bull (Martin Scorsese, 1980). The previously skinny De Niro had put on 60 pounds of muscle for his riveting turn as LaMotta and was rewarded for his dedication with the 1981 Academy Award for Best Actor.

 

In the 1980s, Robert De Niro's first roles were as a worldly ambitious Catholic priest in True Confessions (Ulu Grosbard, 1981), an aspiring stand-up comedian in Scorsese's The King of Comedy (Martin Scorsese, 1983) and as Jewish mobster in the sprawling historical epic Once Upon a Time in America (Sergio Leone, 1984). Other notable projects included the Sci-Fi art film Brazil (Terry Gilliam, 1985) and the British drama The Mission (Roland Joffé, 1986), about the experiences of a Jesuit missionary in 18th century South America, which won the Golden Palm at the Cannes Film Festival. It was followed by fare like the crime drama The Untouchables (Brian De Palma, 1987), in which De Niro portrayed gangster Al Capone opposite Kevin Costner as Eliot Ness, the mysterious thriller Angel Heart (Alan Parker, 1987) and the action comedy Midnight Run (Martin Brest, 1988). De Niro opened the 1990s with Goodfellas (Martin Scorsese, 1990), yet another acclaimed gangster film from Scorsese that saw the actor teaming up with Ray Liotta and Joe Pesci. De Niro next starred in a project that earned him another Oscar nomination, portraying a catatonic patient brought back to awareness in Awakenings (Penny Marshall, 1990), co-starring Robin Williams as a character based on physician Oliver Sacks. Dramas continued to be the genre of choice for De Niro, as he played a blacklisted director in Guilty by Suspicion (Irwin Winkler, 1991) and a fire chief in Backdraft (Ron Howard, 1991). Soon afterwards, the actor was once again front and centre and reunited with Scorsese in a terrifying way, bulking up to become a tattooed rapist who stalks a family in Cape Fear (Martin Scorsese, 1991). The film was a remake of the 1962 thriller starring Gregory Peck and Robert Mitchum. Peck and Mitchum made appearances in the remake as well. De Niro received his sixth Academy Award nomination for Fear, with the film becoming the highest-grossing collaboration between the actor and Scorsese, earning more than $182 million worldwide. After somewhat edgy, comedic outings like Night and the City (1992) and Mad Dog and Glory (1993), another drama followed in the form of This Boy's Life (Michael Caton-Jones, 1993), in which De Niro portrayed the abusive stepfather of a young Leonardo DiCaprio. That same year, De Niro made his directorial debut with A Bronx Tale (Robert De Niro, 1993), a film adaptation of a one-man play written and performed by Chazz Palminteri. In 1994, De Niro was practically unrecognizable as the monster in actor/director Kenneth Branagh's adaptation of the Mary Shelley novel Frankenstein (Kenneth Branagh, 1994). It was followed by another Scorsese telling of mob life, this time in Las Vegas. De Niro portrayed a character based on real-life figure Frank ‘Lefty’ Rosenthal in Casino (Martin Scorsese, 1995), co-starring Sharon Stone and Joe Pesci. In Heat (Michael Mann, 1995), De Niro re-teamed with fellow Godfather star Al Pacino in a well-received outing about a bank robber contemplating getting out of the business and the police detective aiming to bring him down.

 

For the rest of the 1990s and into the new millennium, Robert De Niro was featured yearly in a big-screen project as either a lead or supporting figure. His films include the legal crime drama Sleepers (Barry Levinson, 1996), the black comedy Wag the Dog (Barry Levinson, 1997), the crime drama Cop Land (James Mangold, 1997), the crime thriller Jackie Brown (Quentin Tarantino, 1997), the spy action-thriller Ronin (John Frankenheimer, 1998) and the crime comedy-drama Flawless (Joel Schumacher, 1999). At the turn of the century, De Niro struck out into decidedly different territory with Analyze This (Harold Ramis, 1999), a hilarious and highly popular spoof of the mob movies that had garnered him fame. Analyze This earned more than $100 million domestically, with De Niro playing a Mafioso who seeks help from a psychiatrist (Billy Crystal). De Niro took on another comedy, Meet the Parents (Jay Roach, 2000), as Ben Stiller's future father-in-law. The smash hit spawned two sequels: Meet the Fockers (Jay Roach, 2004) and Little Fockers (Paul Weitz, 2011), both of which were also box-office successes. De Niro continued to switch between comedic and serious roles over the next few years, reuniting with Billy Crystal for Analyze That (Harold Ramis, 2002), and starring in the spy thriller The Good Shepherd (Robert De Niro, 2006) with Matt Damon and Angelina Jolie. The following year De Niro was featured as a secretive cross-dressing pirate with a heart of gold in the fantasy flick Stardust (Matthew Vaughn, 2007), while 2009 saw a return to dramatic fare with Everybody's Fine (Kirk Jones, 2009). In Italy, De Niro starred in the romantic comedy Manuale d'amore 3/The Ages of Love (Giovanni Veronesi, 2011). De Niro earned yet another Academy Award nomination for his turn in David O. Russell's Silver Linings Playbook (2012), playing the father of a mentally troubled son (Bradley Cooper). De Niro teamed up again with Silver Linings Playbook director Russell and stars Cooper and Jennifer Lawrence for the biopic Joy (David O. Russell, 2015), based on the life of Miracle Mop inventor Joy Mangano. Later that year, De Niro starred as a widower who returns to the workforce in The Intern (Nancy Meyers, 2015), with Anne Hathaway. In 2016, he starred in another biopic, Hands of Stone (Jonathan Jakubowicz, 2016), playing Ray Arcel, the trainer of Panamanian boxer Roberto Durán. That same year De Niro received the Presidential Medal of Freedom from President Obama for his contribution to the arts. De Niro, who has long resided in New York City, has been investing in Manhattan's Tribeca neighbourhood since 1989. His capital ventures there included co-founding the film studio TriBeCa Productions in 1998 and the Tribeca Film Festival (since 2002). De Niro married actress Diahnne Abbott in 1976. The couple had one son, Raphael, before divorcing 12 years later, in 1988. De Niro then had a long relationship with model Toukie Smith who produced twin sons, Aaron Kendrick and Julian Henry, in 1995. Then in 1997, De Niro married Grace Hightower, with whom he has two children.

 

Sources: Biography.com, Wikipedia, and IMDb.

 

And, please check out our blog European Film Star Postcards.

ONE OF THE WAY TO TRAIN THE "THE AWARENESS MUSCLE

 

is the critical run

and other emergency art format

 

CRITICAL RUN / Debate Format

 

Critical Run is an Art Format created by Thierry Geoffroy/Colonel

debate while running .

Debate and Run together,Now,before it is too late.

 

www.emergencyroomscanvas todo .org/criticalrun.html

 

The Art Format Critical Run has been activated in 30 differents countries with 120 different burning debates

New York,Cairo,London,Istanbul,Athens,Hanoi,Paris,Munich,Amsterdam Siberia,Copenhagen,Johanesburg,Moskow,Napoli,Sydney,

Wroclaw,Bruxelles,Rotterdam,Barcelona,Venice,Virginia,Stockholm,Århus,Kassel,Lyon,Trondheim, Berlin ,Toronto,Hannover ...

 

CRITICAL RUN happened on invitation from institution like Moma/PS1, Moderna Muset Stockholm ,Witte de With Rotterdam,ZKM Karlsruhe,Liverpool Biennale;Sprengel Museum etc..or have just happened on the spot because

a debate was necessary here and now.

 

In 2020 the Energy Room was an installation of 40 Critical Run at Museum Villa Stuck /Munich

part of Colonel solo show : The Awareness Muscle Training Center

 

----

 

Interesting publication for researches on running and art

 

www.emergencyrooms.org/formats.html

 

14 Performances. Relation Work (1976 - 1980). Filmed by Paolo Cardazzo. Marina Abramović/ Ulay. Neuer Berliner Kunstverein, Berlin, Germany.

 

Abramović, Marina. Student Body: Workshops 1979 - 2003: Performances 1993 - 2003. Milano: ed. Charta, 2003.

 

Bergson, Henri. Creative Evolution. London: Macmillan and Co., 1911.

Bergson, Henri. Key Writings. Edited by Keith Ansell-Pearson and John Mullarkey. New York:

 

Continuum, 2002.

Bergson, Henri. Matter and Memory. New York: Zone Books, 1988.

 

Blaikie, William. “Common Sense Physical Training.” In Athletics and Health: Modern Achievement: Advice and Instruction upon the Conduct of Life, Principles of Business, Care of Health, Duties of Citizenship, etc. Edited by Edward Everett Hale. New York: P.F. Collier & Son, 1902.

 

Blaikie, William. How to Get Strong and How to Stay So. New York: Harper & Brothers Publishers, 1883.

 

Cunningham, Merce. Changes: Notes on Choreography. New York: Something Else Press, 1969.

 

de Balzac, Honoré. The Human Comedy. EBook: Project Gutenberg, 2010. de Balzac, Honoré. Théorie de la démarche. 1833, 1853.

 

de Biran, Maine. “Opposition du principe de Descartes avec celui d’une science de l’homme. Première base d’une division des faits psychologiques et physiologiques. Perception et sensation animale.” In Maine de Biran. Librairie Philosophique J. VRIN, 1990.

 

de Tocqueville, Alexis. The Old Regime and the Revolution. New York: Harper & Brothers, Publishers, 1856.

 

Delaumosne, M. L’Abbe. “The Delsarte System.” Translated by Frances A. Shaw. In Delsarte System of Oratory, 4th Ed. New York: Edgar S. Werner, 1893.

 

Descartes, René. Méditations metaphysiques. 1641.

 

Gropius, Walter, and Arthur S. Wensinger, eds. The Theater of the Bauhaus: Oskar Schlemmer, Laszlo Moholy-Nagy, Farkas Molnár. Translated by Arthur S. Wensinger. Middleton, Conn.: Wesleyan University, 1961.

 

Hahn, Archibald. How to Sprint: The Theory of Spring Racing. New York: American Sports Publishing Company, 1923.

 

Hegel, Georg Wilhelm Friedrich. Phenomenology of Spirit. Translated by A.V. Miller. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1977.

 

Helmholtz, Hermann. “On the Facts Underlying Geometry.” In Epistemological Writings: Hermann von Helmholtz. Edited by R.S. Cohen and Y. Elkana. Boston: D. Reidel Publishing Company, 1977.

 

Helmholtz, Hermann. Théorie physiologique de la musique fondée sur l’étude des sensations auditives. Paris: Masson, 1868.

 

Helmholtz, Hermann. Treatise of Physiological Optics (Handbuch der physiologischen Optik) 1856. 3 Volumes. Translated by James P.C. Southall. Milwaukee, 1924.

 

Holmes, Oliver Wendall. Soundings from the Atlantic. Boston: Tickknor and Fields, 1864. James, William. The Principles of Psychology. New York: Henry Holt & Co, 1890, 1918.

 

James, William. Writings 1902 - 1910. Edited by Bruce Kuklick. New York: Literary Classics of the United States, 1987.

 

Kandinsky, Vasily. Über Das Geistige in der Kunst. Dritte Auflage. München: R. Piper&Co, 1912.

 

Kant, Immanuel. “Was ist Aufklärung?” 1784.

 

Laban, Rudolf. A Life for Dance: Reminiscences. Translated by Lisa Ullmann. London: Macdonald & Evans, 1975.

 

Laban, Rudolf. Choreographie. Jena: E. Diederichs, 1926.

 

Laban, Rudolf. Choreutics. Edited by Lisa Ullmann. London: Macdonald & Evans, 1939, 1966.

 

Laban, Rudolf. Effort: Economy in Body Movement. 2nd Edition. Boston: Plays, 1947, 1974.

 

Laban, Rudolf. Principles of Dance and Movement Notation. New York: A Dance Horizons Republication, 1956, 1970.

 

Laban, Rudolf. The Language of Movement: A Guidebook to Choreutics. Edited by Lisa Ullmann. Boston: Plays, Inc., 1974.

  

MacKaye, Percy. “Steele Mackaye, Dynamic Artist of the American Theatre; An Outline of his Life Work,” in The Drama. Edited by William Norman Guthrie and Charles Hubbard Sergel. Chicago: The Dramatic Publishing Company, 1911.

 

Marey, Étienne-Jules. La Machine Animale: Locomotion Terrestre et Aérienne. Paris: Librairie Germer Baillière, 1873.

 

Marey, Étienne-Jules. Le Vol des Oiseaux. Paris: Libraire de l’académie de médecine, 1890. Marey, Étienne-Jules. Movement. Translated by Eric Pritchard. New York: D. Appleton and

 

Company, 1895.

 

Michelet, Jules. The History of France. Volume I. Translated by Walter K. Kelly. London: Chapman and Hall, 1844.

 

Morgan, Anna. An Hour with Delsarte: A Study of Expression. New York: Edgar S. Werner Publisher, 1891.

 

Muybridge, Eadweard. Animal Locomotion: An Electro-photographic Investigation of Consecutive Phases of Animal Movements. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania and J. B. Lippincott Company, 1887.

 

Muybridge, Eadweard. Descriptive Zoopraxography, or the Science of Animal Locomotion. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania, 1893.

 

Muybridge, Eadweard. The Attitudes of Animals in Motion: A Series of Photographs Illustrating the Consecutive Positions assumed by Animals in Performing Various Movements; Executed at Palo Alto, California, in 1878 and 1879 (1881). Albumen, Library of Congress, Washington, D.C., Library of Congress.

 

Muybridge, Eadweard. The Human Figure in Motion. New York: Dover Publications, 1955. Ramsaye, Terry. A Million and One Nights: A History of the Motion Picture. U.K.: Simon and

 

Schuster, Inc., 1926, 1954.

Richer, Paul. Physiologie Artistique: De l’Homme en Mouvement. Paris: Aulanier et Cie, 1896.

 

Sanburn, Frederic. Delsartean Scrap-book: Health, Personality, Beauty, House-Decoration, Dress, etc. New York: United States Book Company, c. 1890.

 

Schlemmer, Oskar. Briefe und Tagebücher: The Letters and Diaries of Oskar Schlemmer. Edited by Tut Schlemmer. Translated by Krishna Winston. Middletown, Conn: Wesleyan University Press, 1972.

  

Schlemmer, Oskar, and Heimo Kuchling. Der Mensch, Unterricht am Bauhaus. Nachgelassene Aufzeichnungen. Mainz: F. Kupferberg, 1969.

 

Schuftan, Werner. Handbuch des Tanzes. Preface by Rudolf von Laban. Mannheim: Verlag Deutscher Chorsänger Verband und Tänzerbund, 1928.

 

Shearman, Sir Montague. Athletics and Football. London: Longmans, Green, and Co., 1888. Smith, Shawn Michelle. At the Edge of Sight: Photography and the Unseen. Durham: Duke

 

University Press, 2013.

 

Stebbins, Genevieve. Delsarte System of Expression, 5th Edition. New York: Edgar S. Werner, 1894; orig. 1885.

 

Talbot, Frederick A. Practical Cinematography and its Applications. London: William Heinemann, 1913.

 

Wigman, Mary. The Mary Wigman Book: Her Writings. Middletown, CT: Wesleyan University Press, 1975.

 

Abramović, Marina, et al. Marina Abramović: Seven Easy Pieces. New York: Charta 2007. Acconci, Vito. Language to Cover a Page: The Early Writings of Vito Acconci. Edited by Craig

 

Dworkin. Cambridge: MIT Press, 2006.

Adolphs, Volker, and Philip Norten. Gehen Bleiben: Bewegung, Körper, Ort in der Kunst der

 

Gegenwart. Bonn: Kunstmuseum Bonn, 2007.

Agamben, Giorgio. “Movement.” In Dance: Documents of Contemporary Art. Edited André

 

Lepecki. London: MIT Press and WhiteChapel Gallery, 2012.

Alberro, Alexander, and Blake Stimson, eds. Institutional Critique: An Anthology of Artists’

 

Writings. Cambridge: MIT Press, 2009.

Albers, Kate Palmer. “Abundant Images and the Collective Sublime.” Exposure. Volume 46,

 

Issue 2 (Fall 2013).

 

Allen, Beverly. Rape Warfare: The Hidden Genocide in Bosnia-Herzegovina and Croatia. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1996.

 

Alloway, Lawrence. The Venice Biennale 1895 - 1968: from salon to goldfish bowl. Greenwich, CT: New York Graphic Society LTD., 1968.

Anderson, Ben. “Affect and Biopower: Towards a Politics of Life.” Transactions - Institute of British Geographers, Issue 1 (2011).

 

Andras, Edit, and Bojana Pejic, eds. Gender Check: Femininity and Masculinity in the Art of Eastern Europe. Cologne: Buchhandlung Walther König, 2009.

 

Antliff, Mark. Inventing Bergson: Cultural Politics and the Parisian Avant-Garde. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1992.

 

Arendt, Hannah. The Human Condition, Second Edition. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1958, 1998.

 

Arendt, Hannah. On Violence. New York: Harcourt Brace, 1969.

Atkins, Dawn, ed. Looking Queer: Body Image and Identity in Lesbian, Bisexual, Gay, and

 

Transgender Communities. New York: The Haworth Press, 1998.

Ault, Julie, ed. Alternative Art, New York, 1965-1985: A Cultural Politics Book for the Social

 

Text Collective. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 2002.

Auslander, Philip. “Going with the Flow: Performance Art and Mass Culture.” TDR. Volume 33,

 

Number 2 (Summer 1989).

Auslander, Philip. “The Performativity of Performance Documentation.” PAJ 84 (2006).

 

Backstein, Joseph, and Daniel Birnbaum, Sven-Olov Wallenstein. Thinking Worlds - The Moscow Conference on Philosophy, Politics, and Art. Berlin: Sternberg Press, 2008.

 

Badovinac, Zdenka. Body and the East: From the 1960s to the Present. Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press, 1999.

 

Baer, Ulrich. Spectral Evidence: The Photography of Trauma. Cambridge: MIT Press, 2002. Baker, George. “Entr’acte.” October. Volume 105 (Summer 2003).

 

Bale, John. Imagined Olympians: Body Culture and Colonial Representations in Rwanda. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 2002.

 

Bale, John. Running Cultures: Racing in Time and Space. London: Frank Cass, 2004. Banes, Sally. Democracy’s Body: Judson Dance Theatre, 1962 - 1964. Durham, NC: Duke

 

University Press, 1993.

 

Banes, Sally. Terpsichore in Sneakers: Post-Modern Dance, 2nd edition. Middletown, CT: Wesleyan University Press, 1987.

  

Bartenieff, Irmgard. Body Movement: Coping with the Environment. New York: Routledge, 2002.

 

Barthes, Roland. Camera Lucida: Reflections on Photography. Translated by Richard Howard. New York: Hill and Wang, 198, 2010.

 

Barthes, Roland. Mythologies. Translated by Annette Lavers. New York: Hill and Wang, 1972. Batchen, Geoffrey. Burning with Desire: The Conception of Photography. Cambridge: MIT

 

Press, 1997.

 

Baudelaire, Charles. The Parisian Prowler, Le Spleen de Paris Petits Poèmes en Prose. Translated by Edward K. Kaplan. Athens: The University of Georgia Press, 1989.

 

Bauer, M. W. and G. Gaskell. Biotechnology — the Making of a Global Controversy. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2002.

 

Bayat, Asef. Life as Politics: How Ordinary People Change the Middle East. Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press, 2010, 2015.

 

Belaief, Lynne. “Meanings of the Body.” Journal of the Philosophy of Sport. Volume 4, Issue 1 (1977).

 

Bell, Catherine. Ritual: Perspectives and Dimensions. New York: Oxford University Press, 1997.

 

Benjamin, Walter. Charles Baudelaire: A Lyric Poet in the Era of High Capitalism. Translated by Harry Zohn. London: Verso, 1997.

 

Benjamin, Walter. Selected Writings, Volumes 1 - 4. Edited by Howard Eiland and Michael W. Jennings. Cambridge: Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 2003 - 2006.

 

Benjamin, Walter. “The Storyteller: Reflections on the Works of Nikolai Leskov.” In Illuminations. Edited by Hannah Arendt. Translated by Harry Zohn. New York: Schocken Books, 2007.

 

Bennett, Jill. Empathic Vision: Affect, Trauma, and Contemporary Art. Stanford, CA; Stanford University Press, 2005.

 

Berger, John. About Looking. New York: Pantheon Books, 1980.

 

Bergson, Henri. Laughter: An Essay on the Meaning of the Comic. Translated by Cloudesley Brereton and Fred Rothwell. New York: The Macmillan Company, 1914.

  

Bishop, Claire, and Marta Dziewańska, eds. 1968 - 1989: Political Upheaval and Artistic Change. Warsaw: Museum of Modern Art, 2009.

 

Bishop, Claire. Artificial Hells: Participatory Art and the Politics of Spectatorship. London: Verso, 2012.

 

Bishop, Claire. Radical Museology: or, What’s ‘Contemporary’ in Museums of Contemporary Art? London: Koenig Books, 2013.

 

Black, Graham. Transforming Museums in the Twenty-First Century. New York: Routledge, 2011.

 

Blaive, Muriel, and Christian Gerbel, Thomas Lindenberger, eds. Clashes in European Memory: The Case of Communist Repression and the Holocaust. Innsbruck: Studienverlag, 2011.

 

Blassnigg, Martha. Time, Memory, Consciousness and the Cinema Experience: Revisiting Ideas on Matter and Spirit. New York: Rodopi, 2009.

 

Bloomer, Kent C., and Charles Willard Moore. Body, Memory, and Architecture. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1977.

 

Boecker, Henning, et. al. “The Runner’s High: Opioidergic Mechanisms in the Human Brain.” Cerebral Cortex. Volume 18, Number 11 (2008).

 

Bougarel, Xavier, and Elissa Helms, Ger Duijzings, eds. The New Bosnian Mosaic: Identities, Memories and Moral Claims in a Post-War Society. Hampshire, England: Ashgate, 2007.

 

Bourdieu, Pierre. Outline of a Theory of Practice. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1977.

 

Bourriaud, Nicolas. Relational Aesthetics. Dijon: Les Presses du réel, 1998, 2002.

 

Brandstetter, Gabriele. Poetics of Dance: Body, Image and Space in the Historical Avant- Gardes. Translated by Elena Polzer and Mark Franko. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1995, 2015.

 

Braudy, Leo, and Marshall Cohen, eds. Film Theory and Criticism: Introductory Readings. New York: Oxford UP, 1999.

 

Braun, Marta. Eadweard Muybridge. London: Reaktion, 2010.

Braun, Marta. Picturing Time: The Work of Etienne-Jules Marey (1830 - 1904). Chicago:

 

University of Chicago Press, 1992, 1994.

 

Brettell, Richard R. Modern Art, 1851 - 1929: Capitalism and Representation. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1999.

  

Brooke, J.D., and H.T.A. Whiting, eds. Human Movement - A Field of Study. London: Henry Kimpton Publishers, 1973.

 

Brown, Keith S., and Yannis Hamilakis, eds. The Usable Past: Greek Metahistories. Lanham, MD: Lexington Books, 2003.

 

Brunnbauer, Ulf, and Konrad Clewing, eds. Südost-Forschungen. Munich: R. Oldenbourg Verlag, 2008.

 

Bruno, Giuliana. Atlas of Emotion: Journeys in Art, Architecture, and Film. New York: Verso, 2002.

 

Bryzgel, Amy. Performing the East: Performance Art in Russia, Latvia, and Poland since 1980. London: I.B. Tauris, 2012.

 

Buchloh, Benjamin H. D. Neo-Avantgarde and Culture Industry: Essays on European and American Art from 1955 to 1975. Cambridge: MIT Press, 2001, 2003.

 

Buck-Morss, Susan. The Dialectics of Seeing: Walter Benjamin and the Arcades Project. Cambridge: MIT Press, 1991.

 

Burchell, Graham, and Colin Gordon, Peter Miller, eds. The Foucault Effect: Studies in Governmentality. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1991.

 

Bürger, Peter. Theory of the Avant-Garde. Translated by Michael Shaw. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press and Manchester University Press, 1974, 1984.

 

Butler, Judith. Bodies that Matter: On the Discursive Limits of Sex. New York: Routledge, 1993. Butler, Judith. Gender Trouble: Feminism and the Subversion of Identity. New York: Routledge,

 

2006.

 

Butler, Samuel. Unconscious Memory: A Comparison between the Theory of Dr. Ewald Hering and the ‘Philosophy of the Unconscious’ of Dr. Edward von Hartmann. London: David Bogue, 1880.

 

Cage, John. Silence: Lectures and Writings. Middletown, CT: Wesleyan University Press, 1961. Campany, David, ed. The Cinematic: Documents of Contemporary Art. Cambridge: MIT Press,

 

2007.

Canales, Jimena. A Tenth of a Second: A History. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2009.

 

Careri, Francesco. Walkscapes: Walking as an Aesthetic Practice. Translated by Steve Piccolo and Paul Hammond. Barcelona: Editorial Gusavo Gili, 2002.

  

Carroll, Noël. Theorizing the Moving Image. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1996. Cetinić, Ljiljana, and Ana Panić, eds. Štafete: Titova Štafeta - Štafeta Mladosti, 1945 - 1987.

 

Belgrade: Tipografik plus, 2008.

Chase, Stuart. Men and Machines. New York: Macmillan Co, 1929.

 

Christesen, Paul. Sport and Democracy in the Ancient and Modern Worlds. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2012.

 

Christian, Mary. Marina Abramović: The Artist is Present. New York: The Museum of Modern Art, 2010.

 

Clark, Kenneth. The Nude: A Study in Ideal Form. New York: Pantheon Books, 1956. Coleman, Simon, and John Eade, eds. Reframing Pilgrimage: Cultures in Motion. London:

 

Routledge, 2004.

 

Connerton, Paul. The Spirit of Mourning: History, Memory and the Body. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2011.

 

Cosgrove, Denis. Geography and Vision: Seeing, Imagining and Representing the World. New York: I.B. Tauris, 2008.

 

Cottington, David. Cubism in the Shadow of War: The Avant-Garde and Politics in Paris 1905- 1914. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1998.

 

Crane, Susan, ed. Museums and Memory. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 2000. Crary, Jonathan. Techniques of the Observer: On Vision and Modernity in the Nineteenth

 

Century. Cambridge: MIT Press, 1990.

Crow, Thomas. The Rise of the Sixties: American and European Art in the Era of Dissent.

 

London: Laurence King Publishing, 1996.

 

Csiksgentmihalyi, Mihaly. Creativity! Flow and psychology of discovery and invention. New York: Harper Collins, 1996.

 

Cumming, John. Runners & Walkers: A Nineteenth Century Sports Chronicle. Chicago: Regency Gateway, 1981.

 

Cvejić, Bojana, and Ana Vujanović. Public Sphere by Performance. Belgrade: b_books, TkH, 2012.

  

Dagg, Anne Innis. Running, Walking, and Jumping: The Science of Locomotion. New York: Crane, Russak & Company, Inc, 1977.

 

de Certeau, Michel. The Practice of Everyday Life. Translated by Steven Rendall. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1984, 1988.

 

de Certeau, Michel. The Writing of History. Translated by Tom Conley. New York: Columbia University Press, 1975, 1988.

 

de Groote, Pascale. Ballets Suédois: Jean Börlin. Ghent: University of Ghent, 2002.

de Waal, Frans. The Age of Empathy: Nature’s Lessons for a Kinder Society. New York:

 

Harmony Books, 2009.

 

Deleuze, Gilles. Cinema 1: The Movement-Image. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1986.

 

Deleuze, Gilles, and Félix Guattari. A Thousand Plateaus. London: Continuum, 1980, 2008. Dewey, John. The Public and its Problems: An Essay in Political Inquiry. Edited by Melvin L.

 

Rogers. University Park, PA: The Pennsylvania State University, 2012.

di Giovanni, Janine. Madness Visible: A Memoir of War. London: Bloomsbury, 2005.

 

Djetelić, Pera, and Dragan Maršičević. Narodna Omladina i Jugoslovenski Kongres za Fizičku Kulturu. Beograd: Mladost, 1959.

 

Djurić, Dubravka, and Miško Šuvaković, eds. Impossible Histories: Historical Avant-gardes, Neo-avant-gardes, and Post-avant-gardes in Yugoslavia, 1918 - 1991. Cambridge: MIT Press, 2003.

 

Donawerth, Jane, ed. Rhetorical Theory by Women before 1900: An Anthology. Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, Inc, 2002.

 

Dörr, Evelyn. Rudolf Laban: The Dancer of the Crystal. Lanham, Maryland: The Rowman & Littlefield Publishing Group, Inc., 2008.

 

Drakulić, Slavenka. Balkan Express: Fragments from the Other Side of War. London: Hutchinson, 1993.

 

Drakulić, Slavenka. They Would Never Hurt a Fly: War Criminals on Trial in the Hague. New York: Penguin, 2005.

 

Drapag, Vesna. Constructing Yugoslavia: A Transnational History. London: Palgrave Macmillan, 2010.

Duncan, Carol. Civilizing Rituals: Inside Public Art Museums. Abingdon: Routledge, 1995. Eamon, Christopher. Rearview Mirror: New Art from Central and Eastern Europe. Edmonton:

 

Art Gallery of Alberta, 2011.

 

Eichberg, Henning, ed. Body Cultures: Essays on Sport, Space, and Identity. London, New York: Routledge, 1998.

 

Elias, Norbert. The Civilizing Process. Sociogenetic and Psychogenetic Investigations. Oxford: Blackwell, 1939, 2000.

 

Elias, Norbert, and Eric Dunning. Quest for Excitement: Sport and Leisure in the Civilising Process. Dublin: University of College Dublin Press, 2008.

 

Enwezor, Okwui. Archive Fever: Uses of the Document in Contemporary Art. Göttingen: Steidl Publishers, 2008.

 

Erjavec, Aleš, ed. Postmodernism and the Postsocialist Condition: Politicized Art under Late Socialism. Berkeley: University of California Press, 2003.

 

Fer, Briony, and David Batchelor, Paul Wood. Realism, Rationalism, Surrealism: Art Between the Wars. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1993.

 

Finn, David. How to Visit A Museum. New York: Abrams, 1985.

Fleming, Bruce. Running is Life: Transcending the Crisis of Modernity. Lanham: University

 

Press of America, Inc, 2010.

 

Forrester, Sibelan E.S., and Magdalena J. Zaborowska, Elena Gapova, eds. Over the Wall/After the Fall: Post-Communist Cultures Through an East-West Gaze. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 2004.

 

Foster, Hal. The Return of the Real: The Avant-Garde at the End of the Century. Cambridge: MIT Press, 1996.

 

Foster, Hal. “What’s Neo about the Neo-Avant-Garde?” October. Volume 70, The Duchamp Effect (Autumn, 1994), 5 - 32.

 

Foucault, Michel. Discipline and Punish: The Birth of the Prison. Translated by Alan Sheridan. New York: Vintage Books, Random House, Inc, 1977, 1995.

 

Foucault, Michel. The History of Sexuality Volume 1. Translated by Robert Hurley. New York: Pantheon Books, 1978.

 

Foucault, Michel. Power/Knowledge: Selected Interviews & Other Writings, 1972 - 1977. Edited by Colin Gordon. New York: Pantheon Books,1972, 1980.

  

Fraleigh, Sondra Horton. Dance and the Lived Body: A Descriptive Aesthetics. Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press, 1987.

 

Frampton, Hollis. “Eadweard Muybridge: Fragments of a Tesseract.” In On the Camera Arts and Consecutive Matters: The Writings of Hollis Frampton. Cambridge: MIT Press, 2009.

 

Fried, Michael. Four Honest Outlaws: Sala, Ray, Marioni, Gordon. New Haven: Yale University Press, 2011.

 

Gallagher, Catherine, and Thomas Laqueur, eds. The Making of the Modern Body: Sexuality and Society in the Nineteenth Century. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1987.

 

Gamwell, Lynn, ed. Dreams Nineteen Hundred to Two Thousand: Science, Art, and the Unconscious Mind. Binghamton: State University of New York at Binghamton, 2000.

 

Gay, Peter. Savage Reprisals: Bleak House, Madame Bovary, Buddenbrooks. New York: W.W. Norton & Company, 2002.

 

Gehm, Sabine, and Pirkko Husemann, Katharina von Wilke, eds. Knowledge in Motion: Perspectives of Artistic and Scientific Research in Dance. Translated by Bettina von Arps- Aubert. Bielefeld: Transcript, 2007.

 

Genoways, Hugh H., ed. Museum Philosophy for the Twenty-First Century. Oxford: AltaMira Press, 2006.

 

Geoghegan, Bernard Dionysius. “After Kittler: On the Cultural Techniques of Recent German Media Theory.” Theory Culture Society (August 2013).

 

Gidal, Peter. Materialist Film. London: Routledge, 1989.

Giedion, Siegfried. Space, Time, and Architecture: The Growth of a New Tradition. Cambridge:

 

Harvard University Press, 1974.

 

Godard, Jean-Luc. Godard on Godard. Edited by Jean Narboni and Tom Milne. New York: The Viking Press, 1968, 1972.

 

Gödl, Doris. “Challenging the Past: Serbian and Croatian Aggressor-Victim Narratives.” International Journal of Sociology 37. No. 1 (2007).

 

Goldberg, Roselee. Performance: Live Art Since the ‘60s. London: Thames & Hudson, 2004.

 

Goldberg, Roselee. Performance Art: From Futurism to the Present. London: Thames & Hudson, 2001.

  

Goldberg, Vicki, ed. Photography in Print: Writings from 1816 to the Present. New York: Simon and Schuster, 1981.

 

Golding, Sue, ed. The Eight Technologies of Otherness. London: Routledge, 1997. Gotaas, Thor. Running: A Global History. London: Reaktion Books, 2009.

 

Grau, Andrée, and Stephanie Jordan. Europe Dancing: Perspectives on Theatre, Dance, and Cultural Identity. New York: Routledge, 2000.

 

Grigorov, Dimitar. “‘Рачунајте на нас.’ ‘Oдломак’ о Титовој штафети или Штафети младости.” In Друштвену историју. Belgrade: 2008.

 

Grimes, Ronald L. Beginnings in Ritual Studies. Columbia: University of South Carolina Press, 1995.

 

Groys, Boris. Introduction to Antiphilosophy. Translated by David Fernbach. London: Verso, 2012.

 

Groys, Boris. The Communist Postscript. Translated by Thomas Ford. London: Verso, 2010. Groys, Boris, and Ann von der Heiden, Peter Weibel, eds. Zurück aus der Zukunft.

 

Osteuropäische Kulturen im Zeitalter des Postkommunismus. Berlin: Suhrkamp, 2005.

Gržinić, Marina, and Günther Heeg, Veronika Darian. Mind the Map! History is not a Given: A

 

th th

Critical Anthology Based on the Symposium [Leipzig, 13 -16 October 2005]. Frankfurt:

 

Revolver, 2006.

 

Guttman, Allen. “Sport, Politics, and the Engaged Historian.” Journal of Contemporary History. Volume 38, Number 3 (2003).

 

Hardt, Michael, and Antonio Negri. Empire. Boston, Harvard University Press, 2001. Hargreaves, Jennifer, and Patricia Anne Vertinsky, eds. Physical Culture, Power, and the Body.

 

New York: Routledge, 2007.

 

Harris, Mary Emma. The Arts at Black Mountain College. Cambridge: MIT Press, 1987, 2002.

 

Harte, Jane L., et. al. “The effects of running and meditation on beta-endorphin, corticotropin- releasing hormone and cortisol in plasma, and on mood.” Biological Psychology. Volume 40, Issue 3 (June 1995).

 

Harte, Jane L., and Georg H. Eifert. “The effects of running, environment, and attentional focus on athletes’ catecholamine and cortisol levels and moods.” Psychophysiology. Volume 32, Issue 1 (January 1995).

  

Havránek, Vít, ed. Jiří Kovanda: Actions and Installations, 2005-1976. Zurich: Tranzit & JRP|Ringier, 2006.

 

Helme, Sirje. PopKunst Forever: Estonian Pop Art at the Turn of the 1960s and 1970s. Tallinn: Art Museum of Estonia - Kumu Art Museu, 2010.

 

Hemmings, Frederick William John, ed. The Age of Realism. Baltimore: Penguin Books, 1974. Hendricks, Gordon. Eadweard Muybridge: The Father of the Motion Picture. New York:

 

Grossman Publishers, of Viking Press, 1975.

 

Henning, Michelle. Museums, Media, and Cultural Theory. New York: Open University Press, 2006.

 

Hewitt, Andrew. Social Choreography: Ideology as Performance in Dance and Everyday Movement. Durham: Duke University Press, 2005.

 

Higgins, Steven. Still Moving: The Film and Media Collections of the Museum of Modern Art. New York: The Museum of Modern Art, 2006.

 

Hoberman, John M. “Sport and Political Ideology.” Journal of Sport and Social Issues. Volume 1, Number 2 (1977).

 

Hodgson, John. Mastering Movement: The Life and Work of Rudolf Laban. New York: Routledge, 2001.

 

Hoelzl, Ingrid, and Friedrich Tietjen, eds. Images in Motion. Burges: Die Keure, 2012. Husserl, Edmund. The Phenomenology of Internal Time-Consciousness. Edited by Martin

 

Heidegger. Translated by James S. Churchill. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1964.

 

IRWIN, ed. East Art Map: Contemporary Art and Eastern Europe. London: Afterall and MIT Press, 2006.

 

Ivey, Paul Eli. Radiance from Halcyon: A Utopian Experiment in Religion and Science. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 2013.

 

Jameson, Frederic. Postmodernism, or, The Cultural Logic of Late Capitalism. Durham: Duke University Press,1991.

 

Janevski, Ana, ed. As Soon as I Open My Eyes I See a Film: Experiment in the Art of Yugoslavia in the 1960s and 1970s. Warsaw: Museum of Modern Art, 2010.

 

Jarausch, Konrad H., and Michael Geyer. Shattered Past: Reconstructing German Histories. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2003.

  

Jones, Amelia. Body Art/Performing the Subject. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1998.

 

Jones, Amelia, and Adrian Heathfield. Perform, Repeat, Record: Live Art in History. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2012.

 

Jones, Amelia. “The Body and Technology.” Art Journal. Volume 60, Number 1 (Spring, 2001). Joseph, Brandon W. Random Order: Robert Rauschenberg and the Neo-avant-garde.

 

Cambridge: MIT Press, 2003.

Joy, Jenn. The Choreographic. Cambridge: MIT Press, 2014.

 

Jünger, Ernst. “War and Photography.” Translated by Anthony Nassar. New German Critique. Number 59 (Spring-Summer, 1993).

 

Kater, Michael H. Hitler Youth. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 2004. Kebo, Ozren. Sarajevo za početnike. Sarajevo: Dani, 1996.

 

Kelley, Jeff, ed. Essays on the Blurring of Art and Life. Berkley: University of California Press, 1993, 2003.

 

Kern, Stephen. The Culture of Time and Space. Cambridge, Mass: Harvard University Press, 1983.

 

Kester, Grant H. Conversation Pieces: Community and Communication in Modern Art. Berkley: University of California Press, 2004.

 

Kholeif, Omar. Moving Image. London: Whitechapel, 2015.

Kirkpatrick, Sidney. The Revenge of Thomas Eakins. New Haven: Yale University Press, 2006.

 

Kirn, Gal, and Dubravka Sekulić, Žiga Testen, eds. Surfing the Black: Yugoslav Black Wave Cinema and its Transgressive Moments. Maastricht: Jan van Eyck Academie, 2012.

 

Kittler, Friedrich A. Gramophone, Film, Typewriter. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1999. Klinger, Cornelia, and Bartomeu Mari. Modernologies: Contemporary Artists Researching

 

Modernity and Modernism. Barcelona: Museu d’Art Contemporani de Barcelona, 2009.

Knell, Simon J., et al., eds. National Museums: New Studies from around the World. New York:

 

Routledge, 2011.

Knudson, Duane. Fundamentals of Biomechanics, Second Edition. New York: Springer, 2007.

  

Knust, Albrecht. Handbook of Kinetography Laban: Examples. Hamburg: Das Tanzarchiv, 1958. Koch, Sabine, et al. Body Memory, Metaphor, and Movement. Philadelphia: John Benjamins

 

Publishing Company, 2012.

Krauss, Rosalind E. “Sculpture in the Expanded Field.” October. Volume 8 (Spring 1979).

 

Krauss, Rosalind E. The Originality of the Avant-Garde and Other Modernist Myths. Cambridge: MIT Press, 1985.

 

Kuligowski, Waldemar. “A Relay of Youth of the 21st Century. A Re-enactment of Ritual or a Grotesque Performance?” Cargo. Volume 10, Number 1 - 2 (2012).

 

Kwon, Miwon. One Place After Another: Site-Specific Art and Locational Identity. Cambridge: MIT Press, 2002.

 

LaBelle, Brandon. Background Noise: Perspectives on Sound Art. London and New York: Continuum International Publishing Group, 2006.

 

Lakoff, George, and Mark Johnson. Metaphors We Live By. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1980.

 

Landsberg, Alison. Prosthetic Memory: The Transformation of American Remembrance in the Age of Mass Culture. New York: Columbia University Press, 2004.

 

Laws, Kenneth, and Francia Russell. Physics and the Art of Dance: Understanding Movement. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2002.

 

le Blanc, Guillaume. Courir: Méditations Physiques. Paris: Éditions Flammarion, 2012.

Leahy, Helen Rees. Museum Bodies: The Politics of Practices of Visiting and Viewing. Surrey,

 

England: Ashgate, 2012.

Lederman, Gail. Manliness and Civilization: A Cultural History of Gender and Race in the

 

United States, 1880 - 1917. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 1995. Lefebvre, Henri. The Production of Space. Oxford: Blackwell, 1991.

 

Lehman, Arnold L., and Brenda Richardson, eds. Oskar Schlemmer. Baltimore: The Baltimore Museum of Art, 1986.

 

Lemke, Thomas. Bio-Politics: An Advanced Introduction. Translated by Eric Frederick Trump. New York: New York University Press, 2011.

 

Lepage, Jean-Denis G.G. Hitler Youth, 1922 - 1945: An Illustrated History. London: McFarland & Company, Inc.,2009.

  

Lepecki, André, ed. Dance: Documents of Contemporary Art. London: MIT Press and WhiteChapel Gallery, 2012.

 

Leposavić, Radonja. vlasTito iskustvo. Belgrade: Publikum, 2005.

Licht, Alan. Sound Art: Beyond Music, Between Categories. New York: Rizzoli International

 

Publications, 2007.

 

Lippard, Lucy. Six Years: The Dematerialization of the Art Object from 1966 to 1972. Berkley: University of California Press, 1973.

 

Loland, Sigmund, and Berit Skirstad, Ivan Waddington. Pain and Injury in Sport: Social and Ethical Analysis. New York: Routledge, 2006.

 

Luthar, Breda, and Maruša Pušnik, eds. Remembering Utopia: The Culture of Everyday Life in Socialist Yugoslavia. Washington, D.C.: New Academia Publishers, 2010.

 

Mackay, Robin, and Armen Avanessian, eds. #Accelerate: The Accelerationist Reader. Falmouth, UK: Urbanomic, 2014.

 

Malcolm, Noel. Bosnia: A Short Story. London: MacMillan, 1994.

Maletic, Vera. Body - Space - Expression: The Development of Rudolf Laban’s Movement and

 

Dance Concepts. Amsterdam: Mouton de Gruyter, 1987.

Marie, Michel. The French New Wave: An Artistic School. Translated by Richard Neupert.

 

Oxford: Blackwell Publishing, 1997.

 

Marien, Mary Warner. Photography: A Cultural History. 2nd Edition. London: Laurence King Publishing Ltd, 2002, 2006.

 

Marks, Laura. Touch: Sensuous Theory and Multisensory Media. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 2002.

 

Marvin, Carolyn. When Old Technologies Were New: Thinking about Electric Communication in the Late Nineteenth Century. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1988.

 

Mathews, Nancy Mowll. “The Body in Motion.” In Moving Pictures: American Art and Early Film, 1880 - 1910. Manchester, Vermont: Hudson Hills Press, 2005.

 

Mauss, Marcel. “Techniques of the Body” (1934). In Incorporations, Zone 6. Edited by Jonathan Crary and Sanford Kwinter. New York: Zone, 1992.

 

Mazower, Mark. Dark Continent: Europe’s Twentieth Century. New York: A.A. Knopf, 1999.

  

McGinnis, Peter M. Biomechanics of Sport and Exercise, Third Edition. Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics, 2013.

 

McSorley, Kevin, ed. War and the Body: Militarisation, Practice and Experience. New York: Routledge, 2013.

 

Meltzer, Eve. Systems We Have Loved: Conceptual Art, Affect, and the Antihumanist Turn. Chicago: The University of Chicago, 2013.

 

Merleau-Ponty, Maurice. The Phenomenology of Perception. Translated by Colin Smith. London: Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1962, 1989.

 

Metz, Christian. Film Language: A Semiotics of the Cinema. Translated by Michael Taylor. New York: Oxford University Press, 1974.

 

Metz, Christian. “Photography and Fetish.” October. Volume 34 (Autumn, 1985).

Meyer, James. Minimalism: Art and Polemics in the Sixties. New Haven: Yale University Press,

 

Michelson, Annette, ed. Kino-Eye: The Writings of Dziga Vertov. Translated by Kevin O’Brien. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1984.

 

Mirzoeff, Nicholas, ed. The Visual Culture Reader, Second Edition. New York: Routledge, 1998, 2002.

 

Mishima, Yukio. Sun and Steel: His Personal Testament on Art, Action, and Ritual Death. New York: Kodansha, 1970.

 

Mondloch, Kate. Screens: Viewing Media Installation Art. Minneapolis: The University of Minnesota Press, 2010.

 

Moore, Sarah J. Empire on Display: San Francisco’s Panama-Pacific International Exposition of 1915. Norman, OK: University of Oklahoma Press, 2013.

 

Morgan, William P. “Affective beneficence of vigorous physical activity.” Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise. Volume 17, Number 1 (February 1985).

 

Morse, Meredith. Soft is Fast: Simone Forti in the 1960s and After. Cambridge: MIT Press, 2016.

 

Mosse, George L. The Image of Man: The Creation of Modern Masculinity. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1996.

 

Motherwell, Robert, ed. Dada Painters and Poets. New Haven: Harvard University Press, 1981.

  

Mozley, Anita Ventura, ed. Eadweard Muybridge: The Stanford Years, 1872 - 1882. San Francisco: Stanford University, 1972.

 

Mulvey, Laura. Death 24x a Second: Stillness and the Moving Image. London: Reaction books, 2006.

 

Mumford, Lewis. Technics and Civilization. London: Routledge & Kegan Paul LTD, 1934, 1955.

 

Muñoz, José Esteban. Disidentifications: Queers of Color and the Performance of Politics. Minneapolis: The University of Minnesota Press, 1999.

 

Musolff, Andreas. Metaphor, Nation, and the Holocaust: The Concept of the Body Politic. New York: Routledge, 2010.

 

New Collectivism, ed. Neue Slowenische Kunst. Translated by Marjan Golobič. Hong Kong: Paramount Printing, 1991.

 

Newman, Michael, and Jon Bird, eds. Rewriting Conceptual Art. London: Reaction Books, 1999. O’Doherty, Brian. Inside the White Cube: The Ideology of the Gallery Space. Berkley:

 

University of California Press, 1986.

 

O’Rourke, Karen. Walking and Mapping: Artists as Cartographers. Cambridge: MIT Press, 2013.

 

Obrist, Hans Ulrich. Do It: The Compendium. New York: Independent Curators International/D.A.P., 2013.

 

Partsch-Bergsohn, Isa. Modern Dance in Germany and the Untied States: Crosscurrents and Influences. Chur: Harwood Academic Publishers, 1994.

 

Passerini, Luisa, ed. Memory and Totalitarianism. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1992. Pavković, Aleksandar. The Fragmentation of Yugoslavia: Nationalism and War in the Balkans,

 

Second Edition. New York: St. Martin’s Press, 2000.

 

Pegrum, Mark A. Challenging Modernity: Dada Between Modern and Postmodern. Oxford: Berghahn Books, 2000.

 

Peiffer, Lorenz. Sport im Nationalsozialismus: Zum aktuellen Stand der sporthistorischen Forschung. Göttingen: Verlag Die Werkstaat, 2004, 2015.

 

Pejić, Bojana, and David Elliot. After the Wall: Art and Culture in Post-Communist Europe. Stockholm: Moderna Museet, 1999.

  

Penz, Otto. “Sport and Speed.” International Review for the Sociology of Sport. Volume 25, Number 2 (June 1990).

 

Peoples, Crocker. “A Psychological Analysis of the ‘Runner’s High’ (Human Performance).” Physical Educator. Volume 40, Number 1 (March 1, 1983).

 

Perica, Vjekoslav. Balkan Idols: Religion and Nationalism in Yugoslav States. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2002.

 

Petrov, Ana. “Telesni projekti i regulacija normativnog tela: uloga fizičke kulture u Jugoslaviji.” Institut za etnologiju i folkloristiku. Issue 51, Number 2 (2014).

 

Pfister, Gertrud, ed. Gymnastics, A Transatlantic Movement: From Europe to America. New York: Routledge, 2011.

 

Phelan, Peggy. Unmarked: The Politics of Performance. New York: Routledge, 1993. Phillips, Christopher, ed. Photography in the Modern Era: European Documents and Critical

 

Writings, 1913 - 1940. New York: The Metropolitan Museum of Art/Aperature, 1990. Phillips, Murray G. Deconstructing Sport History: A Postmodern Analysis. Albany: State

 

University of New York Press, 2006.

 

Pissaro, Joachim, et al. Martin Creed: What’s the Point of It? London: Hayward Publishing, 2014.

 

Piotrowski, Piotr. In the Shadow of Yalta: Art and the Avant-Garde in Eastern Europe, 1945 - 1989. London: Reaktion, 2009.

 

Preston-Dunlop, Valerie. Rudolf Laban: An Extraordinary Life. London, Dance Books, 1998. Preziosi, Donald. Art Religion Amnesia: The Enchantments of Credulity. New York: Routledge,

  

Pursell, Caroll. White Heat: People and Technology. Berkley: University of California Press, 1994.

 

Quercetani, R. L. A World History of Track and Field Athletics 1864-1964. London: Oxford University Press, 1964.

 

Rabinbach, Anson. The Human Motor: Energy, Fatigue, and the Origins of Modernity. New York: Basic Books, 1990.

 

Rabinow, Paul, ed. The Foucault Reader. New York: Random House, 1984.

  

Radstone, Susannah, and Bill Schwarz, Memory: Histories, Theories, Debates. New York: Fordham University Press, 2010.

 

Rancière, Jacques. Aesthetics and its Discontents. Malden: Polity Press, 2004.

Rancière, Jacques. The Emancipated Spectator. Translated by Gregory Elliot. London: Verso,

 

Rancière, Jacques. The Politics of Aesthetics: The Distribution of the Sensible. London: Continuum, 2006.

 

Rees, A.L., and Duncan White, Steven Ball, David Curtis, eds. Expanded Cinema: Art, Performance, Film. London: Tate Publishing, 2011.

 

Rempel, Gerhard. Hitler’s Children: The Hitler Youth and the SS. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1989.

 

Richards, Mary. Marina Abramović. New York: Routledge, 2010.

Ricoeur, Paul. Oneself as Another. Translated by Kathleen Blamey. Chicago: University of

 

Chicago Press, 1992.

Rosa, Hartmut. Beschleunigung und Entfremdung: Entwurf einer Kritischen Theorie

 

spätmoderner Zeitlichkeit. Berlin: Suhrkamp, 2013.

Rosa, Hartmut, and William E. Scheuerman. High-Speed: Social Acceleration, Power, and

 

Modernity. University Park, PA: The Pennsylvania State University, 2009.

Rosati, Lauren, and Mary Anne Staniszewski, eds. Alternative Histories: New York Art Spaces,

 

1960-2010. Cambridge: MIT Press, 2012.

 

Rosenstone, Robert A., “History in Images/History in Words: Reflections on the Possibility of Really Putting History onto Film.” The American Historical Review. Volume 93. Number 5 (December 1988).

 

Rossol, Nadine. Performing the Nation in Interwar Germany: Sport, Spectacle, and Political Symbolism, 1926 - 1936. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2010.

 

Roxby-Maude, Alice, On Camera: Performance and Photography. Southampton: John Hansard Gallery, 2007.

 

Ruyter, Nancy Lee Chalfa. The Cultivation of Body and Mind in Nineteenth-Century American Delsartism. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press, 1999.

 

Salazar, James B. Bodies of Reform The Rhetoric of Character in Gilded Age America. New York: New York University Press, 2010.

  

Schechner, Richard. Essays on Performance Theory 1970 - 1976. New York: Drama Book Specialists, 1973, 1977.

 

Scheerder, Jeroen, and Koen Breedveld, eds. Running Across Europe: The Rise and Size of One of the Largest Sport Markets. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2015.

 

Seckinelgin, H., and Billy Wong, eds. Global Civil Society 2011: Globally and the Absence of Justice. Hampshire: Palgrave Macmillan, 2011.

 

Sekula, Allan. “The Body and the Archive.” October. Volume 39 (Winter, 1986). Semon, Richard. Die mnemischen Empmfindungen in ihren Beziehungen zu den

 

Originalempfindungen. Leipzig: W. Engelmann, 1909.

Shawn, Ted. Every Little Movement: A Book About François Delsarte. Pittsfield, MA: The Eagle

 

Printing and Binding Company, 1954.

Shayt, David H. “Stairway to Redemption: America’s Encounter with the British Prison

 

Treadmill.” Technology and Culture, Volume 30, Number 4 (Oct. 1989).

Sheridan, Heather, and Leslie Howe, and Keith Thompson, eds. Sporting Reflections: Some

 

Philosophical Perspectives. Aachen: Meyer & Meyer Verlag, 2007.

 

Siegmund, Gerald, and Stefan Hölscher, eds. Dance, Politics, and Co-Immunity: Thinking Resistances, Current Perspectives on Politics and Communities in the Arts. Volume 1. Zürich- Berlin: Diaphanes, 2013.

 

Sileo, Diego, and Eugenio Viola, PAC (Milano), eds. Marina Abramović: The Abramović Method. 2 Volumes. Milan: 24 ORE Cultura, 2012.

 

Silverman, Kaja. The Subject of Semiotics. New York: Oxford University Press, 1983.

Slevin, Tom. Vision of the Human: Art, World War One and the Modernist Subject. London: I.B.

 

Tauris, 2015.

 

Solnit, Rebecca. River of Shadows: Eadweard Muybridge and the Technological Wild West. New York: Viking, 2003.

 

Solnit, Rebecca. Wanderlust: A History of Walking. London: Verso, 2001.

Sontag, Susan. Against Interpretation and Other Essays. New York: Picador, 1966, 2001. Sontag, Susan. “Fascinating Fascism.” The New York Review of Books (6 February 1975). Sontag, Susan. On Photography. New York: Picador, 1977.

  

Spieker, Sven. The Big Archive: Art from Bureaucracy. Cambridge: MIT Press, 2008. Stepišnik, Drago. Oris Zgodovine Telesne Kulture na Slovenskem. Ljubljana: Dražavna založba

 

Slovenija, 1968.

 

Stipančić, Branka. “‘Zame je resničnost umetnost,’ Intervju s Tomislavom Gotovcem.” Vijenac, Number 123/VI (8 Oct. 1998).

 

Stoddart, Tom. Sarajevo. Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution Press, 1998.

Stošić, Mirjana. “Body-name — The Brotherhood Chronotype and Social Choreography.”

 

Култура/Culture (2015).

Suljagić, Emir. Postcards from the Grave. Translated by Lejla Haverić. London: The Bosnian

 

Institute, 2005.

 

Susovski, Marijan, ed. The New Art Practice in Yugoslavia, 1966 - 1978. Zagreb: Gallery of Contemporary Art, 1978.

 

Sutil, Nicolás Salazar. Motion and Representation: The Language of Human Movement. Cambridge: MIT Press, 2015.

 

Swenson, Kirsten. Irrational Judgements: Eva Hesse, Sol Lewitt, and 1960s New York. New Haven: Yale University Press, 2015.

 

Szeemann, Harold. Zum freien Tanz, zu reiner Kunst. Rolandseck: Stiftung Hans Arp und Sophie Taeuber-Arp, 1991.

 

Tagg, John. The Burden of Representation: Essays on Photographies and Histories. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1988.

 

Tilmans, Karin, and Frank van Vree, Jay Winter, eds. Performing the Past: Memory, History, and Identity in Modern Europe. Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press, 2010.

 

Tumarkin, Maria M. Traumascapes: The Power and Fate of Places Transformed by Tragedies. Victoria, Australia: Melbourne University Press, 2005.

 

Udall, Sharyn R. Dance and American Art: A Long Embrace. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 2012.

 

Vacche, Angela Dalle. Film, Art, New Media: Museum without Walls? New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2012.

 

Vertinsky, Patricia Anne. The Eternally Wounded Woman: Women, Doctors, and Exercise in the Late Nineteenth Century. Manchester: Manchester University Press, 1989.

  

Virilio, Paul. The Art of the Motor. Translated Julie Rose. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1995.

 

Weibel, Peter. Beyond Art: A Third Culture. Vienna: Ambra Verlag, 2005.

 

Wells, Liz, ed. Photography: A Critical Introduction. New York: Rutledge, 1996/2015.

 

Westcott, James. When Marina Abramović Dies: A Biography. Cambridge: MIT Press, 2010.

 

White, Hayden. “Historiography and Historiophoty.” The American Historical Review. Volume 93. Number 5 (December 1988).

 

White, Hayden V. Metahistory: The Historical Imagination in Nineteenth-Century Europe. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1973.

 

Wiehager, Renate, ed. Moving Pictures: Photography and Film in Contemporary Art. Ostfildern- Ruit, Germany: Hate Cantz Publishers, 2001.

 

Williams, Raymond. Culture and Society, 1780 - 1950. New York: Columbia University Press, 1958/1983.

 

Wood, Catherine. Yvonne Rainer: The Mind is a Muscle. London: Afterall, 2007. Wood, Denis. The Power of Maps. New York: Guilford Press, 2010.

 

Woodward, Susan L. Balkan Tragedy: Chaos and Dissolution after the Cold War. Washington, D.C.: The Brookings Institution, 1995.

 

Young, Kevin. Deviance and Social Control in Sport. Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics, 2008. Youngblood, Gene. Expanded Cinema. New York: E.P. Dutton and Co., 1970.

 

Zelizer, Barbie, ed. Visual Culture and the Holocaust. New Brunswick: Rutgers University Press, 2001.

 

Zidić, Igor, and Ana Dević, Antonio Gotovac Lauer a.k.a. Tomislav Gotovac. Antonio Gotovac Lauer: Čelična mreža. Zagreb: Moderna Galerija and Studio Josip Račič, 2006.

 

Zorn, John W., ed. The Essential Delsarte. Metuchen, NJ: The Scarecrow Press, Inc, 1968.

 

Žižek, Slavoj. The Indivisible Remainder: An Essay on Schelling and Related Matters. London: Verso, 1996.

 

----

  

------------about Venice Biennale history from wikipedia ---------

curators previous

* 1948 – Rodolfo Pallucchini

* 1966 – Gian Alberto Dell'Acqua

* 1968 – Maurizio Calvesi and Guido Ballo

* 1970 – Umbro Apollonio

* 1972 – Mario Penelope

* 1974 – Vittorio Gregotti

* 1978 – Luigi Scarpa

* 1980 – Luigi Carluccio

* 1982 – Sisto Dalla Palma

* 1984 – Maurizio Calvesi

* 1986 – Maurizio Calvesi

* 1988 – Giovanni Carandente

* 1990 – Giovanni Carandente

* 1993 – Achille Bonito Oliva

* 1995 – Jean Clair

* 1997 – Germano Celant

* 1999 – Harald Szeemann

* 2001 – Harald Szeemann

* 2003 – Francesco Bonami

* 2005 – María de Corral and Rosa Martinez

* 2007 – Robert Storr

* 2009 – Daniel Birnbaum

* 2011 – Bice Curiger

* 2013 – Massimiliano Gioni

* 2015 – Okwui Enwezor

* 2017 – Christine Macel[19]

* 2019 – Ralph Rugoff[20]

  

----------

 

#art #artist #artistic #artists #arte #artwork

 

Pavilion at the Venice Biennale #artcontemporain contemporary art Giardini arsenal

 

venice Veneziako VenecijaVenècia Venedig Venetië Veneetsia Venetsia Venise Venecia VenedigΒενετία( Venetía Hungarian Velence Feneyjar Venice Venezia Venēcija Venezja Venezia Wenecja Veneza VenețiaVenetsiya BenátkyBenetke Venecia Fenisוועניס Վենետիկ ভেনি স威尼斯 (wēinísī) 威尼斯 ვენეციისવે નિસवेनिसヴェネツィアವೆನಿಸ್베니스வெனிஸ்వెనిస్เวนิซوینس Venetsiya

 

art umjetnost umění kunst taide τέχνη művészetList ealaín arte māksla menasarti Kunst sztuka artă umenie umetnost konstcelfקונסטարվեստincəsənətশিল্প艺术(yìshù)藝術 (yìshù)ხელოვნებაकलाkos duabアートಕಲೆសិល្បៈ미술(misul)ສິນລະປະകലकलाအတတ်ပညာकलाකලාවகலைఆర్ట్ศิลปะ آرٹsan'atnghệ thuậtفن (fan)אומנותهنرsanat artist

 

other Biennale :(Biennials ) :

Venice Biennial , Documenta Havana Biennial,Istanbul Biennial ( Istanbuli),Biennale de Lyon ,Dak'Art Berlin Biennial,Mercosul Visual Arts Biennial ,Bienal do Mercosul Porto Alegre.,Berlin Biennial ,Echigo-Tsumari Triennial .Yokohama Triennial Aichi Triennale,manifesta ,Copenhagen Biennale,Aichi Triennale .Yokohama Triennial,Echigo-Tsumari Triennial.Sharjah Biennial ,Biennale of Sydney, Liverpool , São Paulo Biennial ; Athens Biennale , Bienal do Mercosul ,Göteborg International Biennial for Contemporary Art ,DOCUMENTA KASSEL ATHENS

* Dakar

  

kritik [edit] kritikaria kritičar crític kritiker criticus kriitik kriitikko critique crítico Kritiker κριτικός(kritikós) kritikus Gagnrýnandi léirmheastóir critico kritiķis kritikas kritiku krytyk crítico critic crítico krytyk beirniad קריטיקער

 

Basque Veneziako Venecija [edit] Catalan Venècia Venedig Venetië Veneetsia Venetsia Venise Venecia Venedig Βενετία(Venetía) Hungarian Velence Feneyjar Venice Venezia Latvian Venēcija Venezja Venezia Wenecja Portuguese Veneza Veneția Venetsiya Benátky Benetke Venecia Fenis וועניס Վենետիկ ভেনিস 威尼斯 (wēinísī) 威尼斯 Georgian ვენეციის વેનિસ वेनिस ヴェネツィア ವೆನಿಸ್ 베니스 வெனிஸ் వెనిస్ เวนิซ وینس Venetsiya

 

Thierry Geoffroy / Colonel

#thierrygeoffroy #geoffroycolonel #thierrygeoffroycololonel #lecolonel #biennalist

 

#artformat #formatart

#emergencyart #urgencyart #urgentart #artofthenow #nowart

emergency art emergency art urgency artist de garde vagt alarm emergency room necessityart artistrole exigencyart predicament prediction pressureart

 

#InstitutionalCritique

 

#venicebiennale #venicebiennale2017 #venicebiennale2015

#venicebiennale2019

#venice #biennale #venicebiennale #venezia #italy

#venezia #venice #veniceitaly #venicebiennale

 

#pastlife #memory #venicebiennale #venice #Venezia #italy #hotelveniceitalia #artexhibit #artshow #internationalart #contemporaryart #themundane #summerday

 

#biennalevenice

 

Institutional Critique

 

Identity Politics Post-War Consumerism, Engagement with Mass Media, Performance Art, The Body, Film/Video, Political, Collage, , Cultural Commentary, Self as Subject, Color Photography, Related to Fashion, Digital Culture, Photography, Human Figure, Technology

 

Racial and Ethnic Identity, Neo-Conceptualism, Diaristic

 

Contemporary Re-creations, Popular Culture, Appropriation, Contemporary Sculpture,

 

Culture, Collective History, Group of Portraits, Photographic Source

 

, Endurance Art, Film/Video,, Conceptual Art and Contemporary Conceptualism, Color Photography, Human Figure, Cultural Commentary

 

War and Military, Political Figures, Social Action, Racial and Ethnic Identity, Conflict

 

Personal Histories, Alter Egos and Avatars

 

Use of Common Materials, Found Objects, Related to Literature, Installation, Mixed-Media, Engagement with Mass Media, Collage,, Outdoor Art, Work on Paper, Text

  

Appropriation (art) Art intervention Classificatory disputes about art Conceptual art Environmental sculpture Found object Interactive art Modern art Neo-conceptual art Performance art Sound art Sound installation Street installations Video installation Conceptual art Art movements Postmodern art Contemporary art Art media Aesthetics Conceptualism

 

Post-conceptualism Anti-anti-art Body art Conceptual architecture Contemporary art Experiments in Art and Technology Found object Happening Fluxus Information art Installation art Intermedia Land art Modern art Neo-conceptual art Net art Postmodern art Generative Art Street installation Systems art Video art Visual arts ART/MEDIA conceptual artis

 

—-

 

CRITICAL RUN is an art format developed by Thierry Geoffroy / COLONEL, It follows the spirit of ULTRACONTEMPORARY and EMERGENCY ART as well as aims to train the AWARENESS MUSCLE.​

Critical Run has been activated on invitation from institutions such as Moderna Muset Stockholm, Moma PS1 ,Witte de With Rotterdam, ZKM Karlsruhe, Liverpool Biennale, Manifesta Biennial ,Sprengel Museum,Venice Biennale but have also just happened on the spot because a debate was necessary here and now.

 

It has been activated in Beijing, Cairo, London, Istanbul, Athens, Kassel, Sao Paolo, Hanoi, Istanbul, Paris, Copenhagen, Moskow, Napoli, Sydney, Wroclaw, Bruxelles, Rotterdam, Siberia, Karlsruhe, Barcelona, Aalborg, Venice, Virginia, Stockholm, Aarhus, Rio de Janeiro, Budapest, Washington, Lyon, Caracas, Trondheim, Berlin, Toronto, Hannover, Haage, Newtown, Cartagena, Tallinn, Herning, Roskilde;Mannheim ;Munich etc...

 

The run debates are about emergency topics like Climate Change , Xenophobia , Wars , Hyppocrisie , Apathy ,etc ...

 

Participants have been very various from Sweddish art critics , German police , American climate activist , Chinese Gallerists , Brasilian students , etc ...

 

Critical Run is an art format , like Emergency Room or Biennalist and is part of Emergency Art ULTRACONTEMPORARY and AWARENESS MUSCLE .

 

www.emergencyrooms.org/criticalrun.html

 

www.emergencyrooms.org/formats.html

-------

In 2020 a large exhibition will show 40 of the Critical Run at the Museum Villa Stuck in Munich / part of the Awareness Muscle Training Center

------

for activating the format or for inviting the installation

please contact 1@colonel.dk

 

www.colonel.dk/

 

-----

 

critical,run,art,format,debate ,artformat,formatart,moment,clarity,emergency,kunst,

 

Sport,effort,curator,artist,urgency,urgence,criticalrun,emergencies,ultracontemporary

,rundebate,sport,art,activism, critic,laufen,Thierry Geoffroy , Colonel,kunstformat

 

,now art,copenhagen,denmark

 

Camera: Canon EOS 1V, EF 2/135mm

 

++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++

Arles

 

Arles is located in Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur

Country France

Region Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur

Department Bouches-du-Rhône

Arrondissement Arles

Canton Arles

Intercommunality CA Arles-Crau-Camargue-Montagnette

Government

• Mayor (2014–2020) Hervé Schiavetti (PCF)

Area1 758.93 km2 (293.02 sq mi)

Population (2012)2 52,439

• Density 69/km2 (180/sq mi)

Time zone CET (UTC+1)

• Summer (DST) CEST (UTC+2)

INSEE/Postal code 13004 /13200

Elevation 0–57 m (0–187 ft)

(avg. 10 m or 33 ft)

 

1 French Land Register data, which excludes lakes, ponds, glaciers > 1 km² (0.386 sq mi or 247 acres) and river estuaries.

2 Population without double counting: residents of multiple communes (e.g., students and military personnel) only counted once.

 

Arles (French pronunciation: ​[aʁl]; Provençal [ˈaʀle] in both classical and Mistralian norms; Arelate in Classical Latin) is a city and commune in the south of France, in the Bouches-du-Rhône department, of which it is a subprefecture, in the former province of Provence.

 

A large part of the Camargue is located on the territory of the commune, making it the largest commune in Metropolitan France in terms of territory (though Maripasoula, French Guiana, is much larger). The city has a long history, and was of considerable importance in the Roman province of Gallia Narbonensis. The Roman and Romanesque Monuments of Arles were listed as UNESCO World Heritage Sites in 1981. The Dutch post-Impressionist painter Vincent van Gogh lived in Arles from 1888 to 1889 and produced over 300 paintings and drawings during his time there. An international photography festival has been held in the city since 1970.

 

Geography

 

The river Rhône forks into two branches just upstream of Arles, forming the Camargue delta. Because the Camargue is for a large part administratively part of Arles, the commune as a whole is the largest commune in Metropolitan France in terms of territory, although its population is only slightly more than 50,000. Its area is 758.93 km2 (293.02 sq mi), which is more than seven times the area of Paris.

Climate

 

Arles has a Mediterranean climate with a mean annual temperature of 14.6 °C (1948 - 1999). The summers are warm and moderately dry, with seasonal averages between 22 °C and 24 °C, and mild winters with a mean temperature of about 7 °C. The city is constantly, but especially in the winter months, subject to the influence of the mistral, a cold wind which can cause sudden and severe frosts. Rainfall (636 mm per year) is fairly evenly distributed from September to May, with the summer drought being less marked than in other Mediterranean areas.[1]

 

The Ligurians were in this area from about 800 BC. Later, Celtic influences have been discovered. The city became an important Phoenician trading port, before being taken by the Romans.

 

The Romans took the town in 123 BC and expanded it into an important city, with a canal link to the Mediterranean Sea being constructed in 104 BC. However, it struggled to escape the shadow of Massalia (Marseilles) further along the coast.

 

Its chance came when it sided with Julius Caesar against Pompey, providing military support. Massalia backed Pompey; when Caesar emerged victorious, Massalia was stripped of its possessions, which were transferred to Arelate as a reward. The town was formally established as a colony for veterans of the Roman legion Legio VI Ferrata, which had its base there. Its full title as a colony was Colonia Iulia Paterna Arelatensium Sextanorum, "the ancestral Julian colony of Arles of the soldiers of the Sixth."

 

Arelate was a city of considerable importance in the province of Gallia Narbonensis. It covered an area of some 40 hectares (99 acres) and possessed a number of monuments, including an amphitheatre, triumphal arch, Roman circus, theatre, and a full circuit of walls. Ancient Arles was closer to the sea than it is now and served as a major port. It also had (and still has) the southernmost bridge on the Rhône. Very unusually, the Roman bridge was not fixed but consisted of a pontoon-style bridge of boats, with towers and drawbridges at each end. The boats were secured in place by anchors and were tethered to twin towers built just upstream of the bridge. This unusual design was a way of coping with the river's frequent violent floods, which would have made short work of a conventional bridge. Nothing remains of the Roman bridge, which has been replaced by a more modern bridge near the same spot.

 

The city reached a peak of influence during the 4th and 5th centuries, when Roman Emperors frequently used it as their headquarters during military campaigns. In 395, it became the seat of the Praetorian Prefecture of the Gauls, governing the western part of the Western Empire: Gaul proper plus Hispania (Spain) and Armorica (Brittany). At that time, the city was perhaps home to 75,000–100,000 people.[2][3][4][5]

 

It became a favorite city of Emperor Constantine I, who built baths there, substantial remains of which are still standing. His son, Constantine II, was born in Arles. Usurper Constantine III declared himself emperor in the West (407–411) and made Arles his capital in 408.

 

Arles became renowned as a cultural and religious centre during the late Roman Empire. It was the birthplace of the sceptical philosopher Favorinus. It was also a key location for Roman Christianity and an important base for the Christianization of Gaul. The city's bishopric was held by a series of outstanding clerics, beginning with Saint Trophimus around 225 and continuing with Saint Honoratus, then Saint Hilarius in the first half of the 5th century. The political tension between the Catholic bishops of Arles and the Visigothic kings is epitomized in the career of the Frankish St. Caesarius, bishop of Arles 503–542, who was suspected by the Arian Visigoth Alaric II of conspiring with the Burgundians to turn over the Arelate to Burgundy, and was exiled for a year to Bordeaux in Aquitaine. Political tensions were evident again in 512, when Arles held out against Theodoric the Great and Caesarius was imprisoned and sent to Ravenna to explain his actions before the Ostrogothic king.[6]

 

The friction between the Arian Christianity of the Visigoths and the Catholicism of the bishops sent out from Rome established deep roots for religious heterodoxy, even heresy, in Occitan culture. At Treves in 385, Priscillian achieved the distinction of becoming the first Christian executed for heresy (Manichaean in his case, see also Cathars, Camisards). Despite this tension and the city's decline in the face of barbarian invasions, Arles remained a great religious centre and host of church councils (see Council of Arles), the rival of Vienne, for hundreds of years.

Roman aqueduct and mill

Aqueduct of Arles at Barbegal

 

The Barbegal aqueduct and mill is a Roman watermill complex located on the territory of the commune of Fontvieille, a few kilometres from Arles. The complex has been referred to as "the greatest known concentration of mechanical power in the ancient world".[7] The remains of the mill streams and buildings which housed the overshot water wheels are still visible at the site, and it is by far the best-preserved of ancient mills. There are two aqueducts which join just north of the mill complex, and a sluice which enabled the operators to control the water supply to the complex. The mill consisted of 16 waterwheels in two separate rows built into a steep hillside. There are substantial masonry remains of the water channels and foundations of the individual mills, together with a staircase rising up the hill upon which the mills are built. The mills apparently operated from the end of the 1st century until about the end of the 3rd century.[8] The capacity of the mills has been estimated at 4.5 tons of flour per day, sufficient to supply enough bread for 6,000 of the 30-40,000 inhabitants of Arelate at that time.[9] A similar mill complex existed also on the Janiculum in Rome. Examination of the mill leat still just visible on one side of the hill shows a substantial accretion of lime in the channel, tending to confirm its long working life.

 

It is thought that the wheels were overshot water wheels with the outflow from the top driving the next one down and so on, to the base of the hill. Vertical water mills were well known to the Romans, being described by Vitruvius in his De Architectura of 25 BC, and mentioned by Pliny the Elder in his Naturalis Historia of 77 AD. There are also later references to floating water mills from Byzantium and to sawmills on the river Moselle by the poet Ausonius. The use of multiple stacked sequences of reverse overshot water-wheels was widespread in Roman mines.

Middle Ages

Place de la République.

Cafe Terrace at Night by Vincent van Gogh (September 1888), depicts the warmth of a café in Arles

 

In 735, after raiding the Lower Rhône, Andalusian Saracens led by Yusuf ibn 'Abd al-Rahman al-Fihri moved into the stronghold summoned by Count Maurontus, who feared Charles Martel's expansionist ambitions, though this may have been an excuse to further Moorish expansion beyond Iberia. The next year, Charles campaigned south to Septimania and Provence, attacking and capturing Arles after destroying Avignon. In 739. Charles definitely drove Maurontus to exile, and brought Provence to heel. In 855, it was made the capital of a Frankish Kingdom of Arles, which included Burgundy and part of Provence, but was frequently terrorised by Saracen and Viking raiders. In 888, Rudolph, Count of Auxerre (now in north-western Burgundy), founded the kingdom of Transjuran Burgundy (literally, beyond the Jura mountains), which included western Switzerland as far as the river Reuss, Valais, Geneva, Chablais and Bugey.

 

In 933, Hugh of Arles ("Hugues de Provence") gave his kingdom up to Rudolph II, who merged the two kingdoms into a new Kingdom of Arles. In 1032, King Rudolph III died, and the kingdom was inherited by Emperor Conrad II the Salic. Though his successors counted themselves kings of Arles, few went to be crowned in the cathedral. Most of the kingdom's territory was progressively incorporated into France. During these troubled times, the amphitheatre was converted into a fortress, with watchtowers built at each of the four quadrants and a minuscule walled town being constructed within. The population was by now only a fraction of what it had been in Roman times, with much of old Arles lying in ruins.

 

The town regained political and economic prominence in the 12th century, with the Holy Roman Emperor Frederick Barbarossa traveling there in 1178 for his coronation. In the 12th century, it became a free city governed by an elected podestat (chief magistrate; literally "power"), who appointed the consuls and other magistrates. It retained this status until the French Revolution of 1789.

 

Arles joined the countship of Provence in 1239, but, once more, its prominence was eclipsed by Marseilles. In 1378, the Holy Roman Emperor Charles IV ceded the remnants of the Kingdom of Arles to the Dauphin of France (later King Charles VI of France) and the kingdom ceased to exist even on paper.

Modern era

 

Arles remained economically important for many years as a major port on the Rhône. In the 19th century, the arrival of the railway diminished river trade, leading to the town becoming something of a backwater.

 

This made it an attractive destination for the painter Vincent van Gogh, who arrived there on 21 February 1888. He was fascinated by the Provençal landscapes, producing over 300 paintings and drawings during his time in Arles. Many of his most famous paintings were completed there, including The Night Cafe, the Yellow Room, Starry Night Over the Rhone, and L'Arlésienne. Paul Gauguin visited van Gogh in Arles. However, van Gogh's mental health deteriorated and he became alarmingly eccentric, culminating in the well-known ear-severing incident in December 1888 which resulted in two stays in the Old Hospital of Arles. The concerned Arlesians circulated a petition the following February demanding that van Gogh be confined. In May 1889, he took the hint and left Arles for the Saint-Paul asylum at nearby Saint-Rémy-de-Provence.

Jewish history

Main article: History of the Jews in Arles

 

Arles had an important and evident Jewish community between the Roman era and until the end of the 15th century. A local legend describes the first Jews in Arles as exiles from Judaea after Jerusalem fell to the Romans. Nevertheless, the first documented evident of Jews in Arles is not before fifth century, when a distinguished community had already existed in town. Arles was an important Jewish crossroads, as a port city and close to Spain and the rest of Europe alike. It served a major role in the work of the Hachmei Provence group of famous Jewish scholars, translators and philosophers, who were most important to Judaism throughout the Middle Ages. At the eighth century, the jurisdiction of the Jews of Arles were passed to the local Archbishop, making the Jewish taxes to the clergy somewhat of a shield for the community from mob attacks, most frequent during the Crusades. The community lived relatively peacefully until the last decade of the 15th century, when they were expelled out of the city never to return. Several Jews did live in the city in the centuries after, though no community was found ever after. Nowadays, Jewish archaeological findings and texts from Arles can be found in the local museum.[10]

Population

Historical population

Year Pop. ±%

1806 20,151 —

1820 20,150 −0.0%

1831 20,236 +0.4%

1836 20,048 −0.9%

1841 20,460 +2.1%

1846 23,101 +12.9%

1851 23,208 +0.5%

1856 24,816 +6.9%

1861 25,543 +2.9%

1866 26,367 +3.2%

1872 24,695 −6.3%

1876 25,095 +1.6%

1881 23,480 −6.4%

1891 24,288 +3.4%

1896 24,567 +1.1%

1901 28,116 +14.4%

1906 31,010 +10.3%

1911 31,014 +0.0%

1921 29,146 −6.0%

1926 32,485 +11.5%

1946 35,017 +7.8%

1954 37,443 +6.9%

1962 41,932 +12.0%

1968 45,774 +9.2%

1975 50,059 +9.4%

1982 50,500 +0.9%

1990 52,058 +3.1%

1999 50,426 −3.1%

2008 52,729 +4.6%

2010 57,328 +8.7%

Main sights

Gallo-Roman theatre.

The Alyscamps.

 

Arles has important Roman remnants, most of which have been listed as UNESCO World Heritage Sites since 1981 within the Arles, Roman and Romanesque Monuments group. They include:

 

The Gallo-Roman theatre

The arena or amphitheatre

The Alyscamps (Roman necropolis)

The Thermae of Constantine

The cryptoporticus

Arles Obelisk

Barbegal aqueduct and mill

 

The Church of St. Trophime (Saint Trophimus), formerly a cathedral, is a major work of Romanesque architecture, and the representation of the Last Judgment on its portal is considered one of the finest examples of Romanesque sculpture, as are the columns in the adjacent cloister.

 

The town also has a museum of ancient history, the Musée de l'Arles et de la Provence antiques, with one of the best collections of Roman sarcophagi to be found anywhere outside Rome itself. Other museums include the Musée Réattu and the Museon Arlaten.

 

The courtyard of the Old Arles hospital, now named "Espace Van Gogh," is a center for Vincent van Gogh's works, several of which are masterpieces.[11] The garden, framed on all four sides by buildings of the complex, is approached through arcades on the first floor. A circulation gallery is located on the first and second floors.[12]

Archaeology

Main article: Arles portrait bust

 

In September–October 2007, divers led by Luc Long from the French Department of Subaquatic Archaeological Research, headed by Michel L'Hour, discovered a life-sized marble bust of an apparently important Roman person in the Rhône near Arles, together with smaller statues of Marsyas in Hellenistic style and of the god Neptune from the third century AD. The larger bust was tentatively dated to 46 BC. Since the bust displayed several characteristics of an ageing person with wrinkles, deep naso-labial creases and hollows in his face, and since the archaeologists believed that Julius Caesar had founded the colony Colonia Iulia Paterna Arelate Sextanorum in 46 BC, the scientists came to the preliminary conclusion that the bust depicted a life-portrait of the Roman dictator: France's Minister of Culture Christine Albanel reported on May 13, 2008, that the bust would be the oldest representation of Caesar known today.[13] The story was picked up by all larger media outlets.[14][15] The realism of the portrait was said to place it in the tradition of late Republican portrait and genre sculptures. The archaeologists further claimed that a bust of Julius Caesar might have been thrown away or discreetly disposed of, because Caesar's portraits could have been viewed as politically dangerous possessions after the dictator's assassination.

 

Historians and archaeologists not affiliated with the French administration, among them Paul Zanker, the renowned archaeologist and expert on Caesar and Augustus, were quick to question whether the bust is a portrait of Caesar.[16][17][18] Many noted the lack of resemblances to Caesar's likenesses issued on coins during the last years of the dictator's life, and to the Tusculum bust of Caesar,[19] which depicts Julius Caesar in his lifetime, either as a so-called zeitgesicht or as a direct portrait. After a further stylistic assessment, Zanker dated the Arles-bust to the Augustan period. Elkins argued for the third century AD as the terminus post quem for the deposition of the statues, refuting the claim that the bust was thrown away due to feared repercussions from Caesar's assassination in 44 BC.[20] The main argument by the French archaeologists that Caesar had founded the colony in 46 BC proved to be incorrect, as the colony was founded by Caesar's former quaestor Tiberius Claudius Nero on the dictator's orders in his absence.[21] Mary Beard has accused the persons involved in the find of having willfully invented their claims for publicity reasons. The French ministry of culture has not yet responded to the criticism and negative reviews.

Sport

 

AC Arles-Avignon is a professional French football team. They currently play in Championnat de France Amateur, the fourth division in French football. They play at the Parc des Sports, which has a capacity of just over 17,000.

Culture

 

A well known photography festival, Rencontres d'Arles, takes place in Arles every year, and the French national school of photography is located there.

 

The major French publishing house Actes Sud is also situated in Arles.

 

Bull fights are conducted in the amphitheatre, including Provençal-style bullfights (courses camarguaises) in which the bull is not killed, but rather a team of athletic men attempt to remove a tassle from the bull's horn without getting injured. Every Easter and on the first weekend of September, during the feria, Arles also holds Spanish-style corridas (in which the bulls are killed) with an encierro (bull-running in the streets) preceding each fight.

 

The film Ronin was partially filmed in Arles.

European Capital of Culture

 

Arles played a major role in Marseille-Provence 2013, the year-long series of cultural events held in the region after it was designated the European Capital of Culture for 2013. The city hosted a segment of the opening ceremony with a pyrotechnical performance by Groupe F on the banks of the Rhône. It also unveiled the new wing of the Musée Départemental Arles Antique as part of Marseille-Provence 2013.

Economy

 

Arles's open-air street market is a major market in the region. It occurs on Saturday and Wednesday mornings.

Transport

 

The Gare d'Arles railway station offers connections to Avignon, Nîmes, Marseille, Paris, Bordeaux and several regional destinations.

Notable people

 

Vincent van Gogh, lived here from February 1888 until May 1889.

The Provençal poet Frédéric Mistral (1830–1914) was born near Arles

Jeanne Calment (1875–1997), the oldest human being whose age is documented, was born, lived and died, at the age of 122 years and 164 days, in Arles

Anne-Marie David, singer (Eurovision winner in 1973)

Christian Lacroix, fashion designer

Lucien Clergue, photographer

Djibril Cissé, footballer

Antoine de Seguiran, 18th-century encyclopédiste

Genesius of Arles, a notary martyred under Maximianus in 303 or 308

Blessed Jean Marie du Lau, last Archbishop of Arles, killed by the revolutionary mob in Paris on September 2, 1792

Juan Bautista (real name Jean-Baptiste Jalabert), matador

Maja Hoffmann, art patron

Mehdi Savalli, matador

The medieval writer Antoine de la Sale was probably born in Arles around 1386

Home of the Gipsy Kings, a music group from Arles

Gael Givet, footballer

Lloyd Palun, footballer

Fanny Valette, actress

Luc Hoffmann, ornithologist, conservationist and philanthropist.

Saint Caesarius of Arles, bishop who lived from the late 5th to the mid 6th century, known for prophecy and writings that would later be used by theologians such as St. Thomas Aquinas

Samuel ibn Tibbon, famous Jewish translator and scholar during the Middle Ages.

Kalonymus ben Kalonymus, famous Jewish scholar and philosopher, Arles born, active during the Middle Ages.

 

Twin towns — sister cities

See also: List of twin towns and sister cities in France

 

Arles is twinned with:

 

Pskov, Russia

Jerez de la Frontera, Spain

Fulda, Germany

York, Pennsylvania, United States

Cubelles, Spain

Vercelli, Italy

Sagné, Mauritania

Kalymnos, Greece

Wisbech, United Kingdom

Zhouzhuang, Kunshan, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China

Verviers, Belgium

 

See also

 

Archbishopric of Arles

Montmajour Abbey

Trinquetaille

Langlois Bridge

Saint-Martin-de-Crau

Communes of the Bouches-du-Rhône department

 

References

 

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Herbermann, Charles, ed. (1913). "Archdiocese of Aix". Catholic Encyclopedia. New York: Robert Appleton.

INSEE

 

The table contains the temperatures and precipitation of the city of Arles for the period 1948-1999, extracted from the site Sophy.u-3mrs.fr.

www.academia.edu/1166147/_The_Fall_and_Decline_of_the_Rom...

Rick Steves' Provence & the French Riviera, p. 78, at Google Books

Nelson's Dictionary of Christianity: The Authoritative Resource on the Christian World, p. 1173, at Google Books

Provence, p. 81, at Google Books

Wace, Dictionary)

Greene, Kevin (2000). "Technological Innovation and Economic Progress in the Ancient World: M.I. Finley Re-Considered". The Economic History Review. New Series. 53 (1): 29–59 [p. 39]. doi:10.1111/1468-0289.00151.

"Ville d'Histoire et de Patrimoine". Patrimoine.ville-arles.fr. Retrieved 2013-03-25.

"La meunerie de Barbegal". Etab.ac-caen.fr. Retrieved 2013-03-25.

jewishencyclopedia.com/articles/1784-arles

Fisher, R, ed (2011). Fodor's France 2011. Toronto and New York: Fodor's Travel, division of Random House. p. 563 ISBN 978-1-4000-0473-7.

"Espace Van Gogh". Visiter, Places of Interest. Arles Office de Tourisme. Retrieved 2011-04-29.

Original communiqué (May 13, 2008); second communiqué (May 20, 2008); report (May 20, 2008)

E.g."Divers find marble bust of Caesar that may date to 46 B.C.". Archived from the original on 2008-06-05. Retrieved 2008-05-14. , CNN-Online et al.

Video (QuickTime) Archived May 28, 2008, at the Wayback Machine. on the archaeological find (France 3)

Paul Zanker, "Der Echte war energischer, distanzierter, ironischer" Archived May 29, 2008, at the Wayback Machine., Sueddeutsche Zeitung, May 25, 2008, on-line

Mary Beard, "The face of Julius Caesar? Come off it!", TLS, May 14, 2008, on-line

Nathan T. Elkins, 'Oldest Bust' of Julius Caesar found in France?, May 14, 2008, on-line

Cp. this image at the AERIA library

A different approach was presented by Mary Beard, in that members of a military Caesarian colony would not have discarded portraits of Caesar, whom they worshipped as god, although statues were in fact destroyed by the Anti-Caesarians in the city of Rome after Caesar's assassination (Appian, BC III.1.9).

Konrat Ziegler & Walther Sontheimer (eds.), "Arelate", in Der Kleine Pauly: Lexikon der Antike, Vol. 1, col. 525, Munich 1979; in 46 BC, Caesar himself was campaigning in Africa, before later returning to Rome.

American postcard by Portfolio, N.Y., N.Y., no SC 5. Photo: Francesco Scavullo. Caption: Divine, New York, 1978.

 

Harris Glenn Milstead, better known by his stage name Divine (1945-1988), was an American actor, singer, and drag queen. He was closely associated with the independent filmmaker John Waters. Divine became the international icon of bad taste cinema.

 

Harris Glenn Milstead was born in 1945 in Baltimore, Maryland to a conservative middle-class family. His parents were Harris Bernard Milstead and Frances Milstead (née Vukovich). Their only child, his parents lavished almost anything that he wanted upon him, including food. He became overweight, a condition he lived with for the rest of his life. Divine preferred to use his middle name, Glenn, to distinguish himself from his father, and was referred to as such by his parents and friends. When he was 17, his parents sent him to a psychiatrist, where he first realised his sexual attraction to men as well as women, something then taboo in conventional American society. In 1963, he began attending the Marinella Beauty School, where he learned hair styling and, after completing his studies, gained employment at a couple of local salons, specialising in the creation of beehives and other upswept hairstyles.

Milstead developed an early interest in drag while working as a women's hairdresser. He eventually gave up his job and for a while was financially supported by his parents, who catered to his expensive taste in clothes and cars. They reluctantly paid the many bills that he ran up financing lavish parties where he would dress up in drag as his favourite celebrity, actress Elizabeth Taylor. By the mid-1960s he had embraced the city's countercultural scene. His friend from high school, John Waters gave him the name 'Divine' and the tagline of 'the most beautiful woman in the world, almost'. Waters later remarked that he had borrowed the name Divine from a character in Jean Genet's novel Our Lady of the Flowers (1943). Along with his friend David Lochary, Divine joined Waters' acting troupe, the Dreamlanders (which also included Mary Vivian Pearce and Mink Stole), and adopted female roles for their experimental short films. The first was Roman Candles (John Waters, 1966), which was shown 'triple projected' on three 8mm projectors running simultaneously but was never released commercially. Divine starred in drag as a smoking nun. Other short films were Eat Your Makeup (John Waters, 1968), and The Diane Linkletter Story (John Waters, 1969), filmed on Sunday afternoons. Again in drag, he took a lead role in Waters' first full-length film, Mondo Trasho (John Waters, 1969) Divine as an unnamed blonde woman who drives around town and runs over a hitchhiker. In their review of the film, the Los Angeles Free Press exclaimed that "The 300-pound (140 kg) sex-symbol Divine is undoubtedly some sort of discovery." In 1970, he travelled to San Francisco, California, a city which had a large gay subculture that attracted Divine, who was then embracing his homosexuality. Divine played the role of Lady Divine, the operator of an exhibit known as The Cavalcade of Perversion who turns to murdering visitors in Waters's film Multiple Maniacs. The film contained several controversial scenes, notably one which involved Lady Divine masturbating using a rosary while sitting inside a church. In another, Lady Divine kills her boyfriend and proceeds to eat his heart; in actuality, Divine bit into a cow's heart which had gone rotten from being left out on the set all day. At the end of the film, Lady Divine is raped by a giant lobster named Lobstora, an act that drives her into madness; she subsequently goes on a killing spree in Fell's Point before being shot down by the National Guard. Due to its controversial nature, Waters feared that the film would be banned and confiscated by the Maryland Censor Board, so avoided their jurisdiction by only screening it at non-commercial venues, namely rented church premises. Multiple Maniacs was the first of Waters's films to receive widespread attention, as did Divine; KSFX remarked that "Divine is incredible! Could start a whole new trend in films." Following his San Francisco sojourn, Divine returned to Baltimore and participated in Pink Flamingos (John Waters, 1972). Designed by Waters to be an exercise in poor taste, the film featured Divine as Babs Johnson, living in a pink trailer with her egg-eating grandmother, chicken-loving son and voyeuristic daughter. Babs claims to be 'the filthiest person alive' and she is forced to prove her right to the title from challengers, Connie (Mink Stole) and Raymond Marble (David Lochary). In one scene, the Marbles send Babs a turd in a box as a birthday present, and in order to enact this scene, Divine defecated into the box the night before. The final scene in the film proved particularly infamous, involving Babs eating fresh dog feces; Divine later told a reporter, "I followed that dog around for three hours just zooming in on its asshole," waiting for it to empty its bowels so that they could film the scene. The scene became one of the most notable moments of Divine's acting career, and he later complained of people thinking that "I run around doing it all the time". The film proved a hit on the U.S. midnight movie circuit, became a cult classic, and established Divine's fame within the American counterculture.

 

Divine returned to San Francisco, where he and Mink Stole starred in a number of small-budget plays at the Palace Theater as part of drag troupe The Cockettes, including Divine and Her Stimulating Studs, Divine Saves the World, Vice Palace, Journey to the Center of Uranus and The Heartbreak of Psoriasis. In 1974, Divine returned to Baltimore to film Waters's next motion picture, Female Trouble, in which he played the lead role. Divine was unable to appear in Waters's next feature, Desperate Living (John Waters, 1977), despite the fact that the role of Mole McHenry had been written for him. This was because he had returned to working in the theatre as the scheming prison matron Pauline in Tom Eyen's play Women Behind Bars and its sequel, The Neon Woman. While in London in 1978, Divine attended as the guest of honour at the fourth Alternative Miss World pageant, a 'mock' event founded by Andrew Logan in 1972 in which 'drag queens' – including men, women and children – competed for the prize. The event was filmed by director Richard Gayer, whose subsequent film, entitled Alternative Miss World, premiered at the Odeon in London's Leicester Square as well as featuring at the Cannes Film Festival, both events which were attended by Divine. Continuing his cinematic work, he starred in Polyester (John Waters, 1981) as Francine Fishpaw. Unlike earlier roles, Fishpaw was not a strong female but a meek and victimized woman who falls in love with her dream lover, Todd Tomorrow, played by Tab Hunter. The film was released in 'Odorama', accompanied by 'scratch 'n' sniff' cards for the audience to smell at key points in the film. In 1981, Divine embarked on a career in the disco industry by producing a number of Hi-NRG tracks, most of which were written by Bobby Orlando. He achieved international chart success with hits like 'You Think You're a Man', 'I'm So Beautiful', and 'Walk Like a Man', all of which were performed in drag. The next Divine film, Lust in the Dust (Paul Bartel, 1985), reunited him with Tab Hunter and was Divine's first film not directed by John Waters. Set in the Wild West during the nineteenth century, the film was a sex comedy that starred Divine as Rosie Velez, a promiscuous woman who works as a singer in saloons and competes for the love of Abel Wood (Tab Hunter) against another woman (Lainie Kazan). A parody of the Western Duel in the Sun (King Vidor, 1946), the film was a moderate critical success. Divine followed this production with a very different role, that of gay male gangster Hilly Blue in Trouble in Mind (Alan Rudolph, 1985), starring Kris Kristofferson and Keith Carradine. The script was written with Divine in mind. Although not a major character in the film, Divine had been eager to play the part because he wished to perform in more male roles and leave behind the stereotype of simply being a female impersonator. Reviews of the film were mixed, as were the evaluations of Divine's performance. The he reunited with John Waters for Hairspray (John Waters, 1988), which represented his breakthrough into mainstream cinema. Set in Baltimore during the 1960s, Hairspray revolved around self-proclaimed "pleasantly plump" teenager Tracy Turnblad (Ricki Lake) as she pursues stardom as a dancer on a local television show and rallies against racial segregation. As he had in Female Trouble, Divine took on two roles in the film, one of which was female and the other male. The first of these, Edna Turnblad, was Tracy's loving mother; the other was the racist head of the station that airs the Corny Collins show. Hairspray was only a moderate success upon its initial theatrical release, earning a modest gross of $8 million. However, it managed to attract a larger audience on home video in the early 1990s and became a cult classic. Divine's final film role was in the low-budget comedy horror Out of the Dark (Michael Schroeder, 1989), produced with the same crew as Lust in the Dust. Appearing in only one scene within the film, he played the character of Detective Langella, a foulmouthed policeman investigating the murders of a killer clown. Out of the Dark would be released the year after Divine's death. On 7 March 1988, three weeks after Hairspray was released nationwide, Divine was staying at the Regency Plaza Suites Hotel in Los Angeles. He was scheduled to film a guest appearance the following day as Uncle Otto on the Fox network's television series Married... with Children in the second season wrap-up episode. Shortly before midnight, he died in his sleep, at age 42, of an enlarged heart (according to Wikipdia or respiratory failure caused by sleep apnea (according to IMDb). It was probably a combination. Described by People magazine as the 'Drag Queen of the Century', Divine has remained a cult figure, particularly within the LGBT community, and has provided the inspiration for fictional characters, artworks, and songs. Various books and documentary films devoted to his life have also been produced, including Divine Trash (1998) and I Am Divine (2013), written by Divine's manager and friend Bernard Jay. Frances Milstead subsequently cowrote her own book about Divine, entitled My Son Divine (2001), with Kevin Heffernan and Steve Yeager. His mother's continued relationship with the gay community was later documented in a film Frances: A Mother Divine (Tim Dunn, Michael O'Quinn, 2010)

 

Sources: Wikipedia and IMDb.

I watched the clock while I anxiously waited for the newly wed couple to open the front doors descend the steps in front of the Nauvoo Illinois Temple, having been sealed for all time and eternity. I was the wedding photographer... nervous about possiblely severe thunderstorms storms that fortunately held off (although it was overcast and breezy).

 

The statue on top of the temple's clock tower is Moroni, which is found on almost all of the LDS temples throughout the world--and it is the only Moroni statue that faces to the west instead of the east (and yes, there's a story behind that). Moroni is an ancient prophet from the Book of Mormon. I found this article to be interesting while searching for information on the Moroni statues: www.deseretnews.com/top/2075/0/20-little-known-facts-abou...

 

This was shot with an EF70-200mm f/2.8L IS USM lens that I had borrowed for the occasion from a fellow photographer (who is also my dentist). I brought along a large Selens reflector that I had purchased for the occasion, but we had trouble using it in such overcast and breezy conditions. (I also had a softbox... but no one to help set it up and handle it.)

 

_MG_5566

 

© Stephen L. Frazier - All of my images are protected by copyright and may not be copied, printed, distributed or used on any site, blog, or forum without expressed permission.

 

Looking for Steve Frazier's main photography website? Visit stevefrazierphotography.com

 

Contact Steve at stevefrazierphotography@gmail.com

ONE OF THE WAY TO TRAIN THE "THE AWARENESS MUSCLE

 

is the critical run

and other emergency art format

 

CRITICAL RUN / Debate Format

 

Critical Run is an Art Format created by Thierry Geoffroy/Colonel

debate while running .

Debate and Run together,Now,before it is too late.

 

www.emergencyroomscanvas todo .org/criticalrun.html

 

The Art Format Critical Run has been activated in 30 differents countries with 120 different burning debates

New York,Cairo,London,Istanbul,Athens,Hanoi,Paris,Munich,Amsterdam Siberia,Copenhagen,Johanesburg,Moskow,Napoli,Sydney,

Wroclaw,Bruxelles,Rotterdam,Barcelona,Venice,Virginia,Stockholm,Århus,Kassel,Lyon,Trondheim, Berlin ,Toronto,Hannover ...

 

CRITICAL RUN happened on invitation from institution like Moma/PS1, Moderna Muset Stockholm ,Witte de With Rotterdam,ZKM Karlsruhe,Liverpool Biennale;Sprengel Museum etc..or have just happened on the spot because

a debate was necessary here and now.

 

In 2020 the Energy Room was an installation of 40 Critical Run at Museum Villa Stuck /Munich

part of Colonel solo show : The Awareness Muscle Training Center

 

----

 

Interesting publication for researches on running and art

 

www.emergencyrooms.org/formats.html

 

14 Performances. Relation Work (1976 - 1980). Filmed by Paolo Cardazzo. Marina Abramović/ Ulay. Neuer Berliner Kunstverein, Berlin, Germany.

 

Abramović, Marina. Student Body: Workshops 1979 - 2003: Performances 1993 - 2003. Milano: ed. Charta, 2003.

 

Bergson, Henri. Creative Evolution. London: Macmillan and Co., 1911.

Bergson, Henri. Key Writings. Edited by Keith Ansell-Pearson and John Mullarkey. New York:

 

Continuum, 2002.

Bergson, Henri. Matter and Memory. New York: Zone Books, 1988.

 

Blaikie, William. “Common Sense Physical Training.” In Athletics and Health: Modern Achievement: Advice and Instruction upon the Conduct of Life, Principles of Business, Care of Health, Duties of Citizenship, etc. Edited by Edward Everett Hale. New York: P.F. Collier & Son, 1902.

 

Blaikie, William. How to Get Strong and How to Stay So. New York: Harper & Brothers Publishers, 1883.

 

Cunningham, Merce. Changes: Notes on Choreography. New York: Something Else Press, 1969.

 

de Balzac, Honoré. The Human Comedy. EBook: Project Gutenberg, 2010. de Balzac, Honoré. Théorie de la démarche. 1833, 1853.

 

de Biran, Maine. “Opposition du principe de Descartes avec celui d’une science de l’homme. Première base d’une division des faits psychologiques et physiologiques. Perception et sensation animale.” In Maine de Biran. Librairie Philosophique J. VRIN, 1990.

 

de Tocqueville, Alexis. The Old Regime and the Revolution. New York: Harper & Brothers, Publishers, 1856.

 

Delaumosne, M. L’Abbe. “The Delsarte System.” Translated by Frances A. Shaw. In Delsarte System of Oratory, 4th Ed. New York: Edgar S. Werner, 1893.

 

Descartes, René. Méditations metaphysiques. 1641.

 

Gropius, Walter, and Arthur S. Wensinger, eds. The Theater of the Bauhaus: Oskar Schlemmer, Laszlo Moholy-Nagy, Farkas Molnár. Translated by Arthur S. Wensinger. Middleton, Conn.: Wesleyan University, 1961.

 

Hahn, Archibald. How to Sprint: The Theory of Spring Racing. New York: American Sports Publishing Company, 1923.

 

Hegel, Georg Wilhelm Friedrich. Phenomenology of Spirit. Translated by A.V. Miller. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1977.

 

Helmholtz, Hermann. “On the Facts Underlying Geometry.” In Epistemological Writings: Hermann von Helmholtz. Edited by R.S. Cohen and Y. Elkana. Boston: D. Reidel Publishing Company, 1977.

 

Helmholtz, Hermann. Théorie physiologique de la musique fondée sur l’étude des sensations auditives. Paris: Masson, 1868.

 

Helmholtz, Hermann. Treatise of Physiological Optics (Handbuch der physiologischen Optik) 1856. 3 Volumes. Translated by James P.C. Southall. Milwaukee, 1924.

 

Holmes, Oliver Wendall. Soundings from the Atlantic. Boston: Tickknor and Fields, 1864. James, William. The Principles of Psychology. New York: Henry Holt & Co, 1890, 1918.

 

James, William. Writings 1902 - 1910. Edited by Bruce Kuklick. New York: Literary Classics of the United States, 1987.

 

Kandinsky, Vasily. Über Das Geistige in der Kunst. Dritte Auflage. München: R. Piper&Co, 1912.

 

Kant, Immanuel. “Was ist Aufklärung?” 1784.

 

Laban, Rudolf. A Life for Dance: Reminiscences. Translated by Lisa Ullmann. London: Macdonald & Evans, 1975.

 

Laban, Rudolf. Choreographie. Jena: E. Diederichs, 1926.

 

Laban, Rudolf. Choreutics. Edited by Lisa Ullmann. London: Macdonald & Evans, 1939, 1966.

 

Laban, Rudolf. Effort: Economy in Body Movement. 2nd Edition. Boston: Plays, 1947, 1974.

 

Laban, Rudolf. Principles of Dance and Movement Notation. New York: A Dance Horizons Republication, 1956, 1970.

 

Laban, Rudolf. The Language of Movement: A Guidebook to Choreutics. Edited by Lisa Ullmann. Boston: Plays, Inc., 1974.

  

MacKaye, Percy. “Steele Mackaye, Dynamic Artist of the American Theatre; An Outline of his Life Work,” in The Drama. Edited by William Norman Guthrie and Charles Hubbard Sergel. Chicago: The Dramatic Publishing Company, 1911.

 

Marey, Étienne-Jules. La Machine Animale: Locomotion Terrestre et Aérienne. Paris: Librairie Germer Baillière, 1873.

 

Marey, Étienne-Jules. Le Vol des Oiseaux. Paris: Libraire de l’académie de médecine, 1890. Marey, Étienne-Jules. Movement. Translated by Eric Pritchard. New York: D. Appleton and

 

Company, 1895.

 

Michelet, Jules. The History of France. Volume I. Translated by Walter K. Kelly. London: Chapman and Hall, 1844.

 

Morgan, Anna. An Hour with Delsarte: A Study of Expression. New York: Edgar S. Werner Publisher, 1891.

 

Muybridge, Eadweard. Animal Locomotion: An Electro-photographic Investigation of Consecutive Phases of Animal Movements. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania and J. B. Lippincott Company, 1887.

 

Muybridge, Eadweard. Descriptive Zoopraxography, or the Science of Animal Locomotion. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania, 1893.

 

Muybridge, Eadweard. The Attitudes of Animals in Motion: A Series of Photographs Illustrating the Consecutive Positions assumed by Animals in Performing Various Movements; Executed at Palo Alto, California, in 1878 and 1879 (1881). Albumen, Library of Congress, Washington, D.C., Library of Congress.

 

Muybridge, Eadweard. The Human Figure in Motion. New York: Dover Publications, 1955. Ramsaye, Terry. A Million and One Nights: A History of the Motion Picture. U.K.: Simon and

 

Schuster, Inc., 1926, 1954.

Richer, Paul. Physiologie Artistique: De l’Homme en Mouvement. Paris: Aulanier et Cie, 1896.

 

Sanburn, Frederic. Delsartean Scrap-book: Health, Personality, Beauty, House-Decoration, Dress, etc. New York: United States Book Company, c. 1890.

 

Schlemmer, Oskar. Briefe und Tagebücher: The Letters and Diaries of Oskar Schlemmer. Edited by Tut Schlemmer. Translated by Krishna Winston. Middletown, Conn: Wesleyan University Press, 1972.

  

Schlemmer, Oskar, and Heimo Kuchling. Der Mensch, Unterricht am Bauhaus. Nachgelassene Aufzeichnungen. Mainz: F. Kupferberg, 1969.

 

Schuftan, Werner. Handbuch des Tanzes. Preface by Rudolf von Laban. Mannheim: Verlag Deutscher Chorsänger Verband und Tänzerbund, 1928.

 

Shearman, Sir Montague. Athletics and Football. London: Longmans, Green, and Co., 1888. Smith, Shawn Michelle. At the Edge of Sight: Photography and the Unseen. Durham: Duke

 

University Press, 2013.

 

Stebbins, Genevieve. Delsarte System of Expression, 5th Edition. New York: Edgar S. Werner, 1894; orig. 1885.

 

Talbot, Frederick A. Practical Cinematography and its Applications. London: William Heinemann, 1913.

 

Wigman, Mary. The Mary Wigman Book: Her Writings. Middletown, CT: Wesleyan University Press, 1975.

 

Abramović, Marina, et al. Marina Abramović: Seven Easy Pieces. New York: Charta 2007. Acconci, Vito. Language to Cover a Page: The Early Writings of Vito Acconci. Edited by Craig

 

Dworkin. Cambridge: MIT Press, 2006.

Adolphs, Volker, and Philip Norten. Gehen Bleiben: Bewegung, Körper, Ort in der Kunst der

 

Gegenwart. Bonn: Kunstmuseum Bonn, 2007.

Agamben, Giorgio. “Movement.” In Dance: Documents of Contemporary Art. Edited André

 

Lepecki. London: MIT Press and WhiteChapel Gallery, 2012.

Alberro, Alexander, and Blake Stimson, eds. Institutional Critique: An Anthology of Artists’

 

Writings. Cambridge: MIT Press, 2009.

Albers, Kate Palmer. “Abundant Images and the Collective Sublime.” Exposure. Volume 46,

 

Issue 2 (Fall 2013).

 

Allen, Beverly. Rape Warfare: The Hidden Genocide in Bosnia-Herzegovina and Croatia. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1996.

 

Alloway, Lawrence. The Venice Biennale 1895 - 1968: from salon to goldfish bowl. Greenwich, CT: New York Graphic Society LTD., 1968.

Anderson, Ben. “Affect and Biopower: Towards a Politics of Life.” Transactions - Institute of British Geographers, Issue 1 (2011).

 

Andras, Edit, and Bojana Pejic, eds. Gender Check: Femininity and Masculinity in the Art of Eastern Europe. Cologne: Buchhandlung Walther König, 2009.

 

Antliff, Mark. Inventing Bergson: Cultural Politics and the Parisian Avant-Garde. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1992.

 

Arendt, Hannah. The Human Condition, Second Edition. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1958, 1998.

 

Arendt, Hannah. On Violence. New York: Harcourt Brace, 1969.

Atkins, Dawn, ed. Looking Queer: Body Image and Identity in Lesbian, Bisexual, Gay, and

 

Transgender Communities. New York: The Haworth Press, 1998.

Ault, Julie, ed. Alternative Art, New York, 1965-1985: A Cultural Politics Book for the Social

 

Text Collective. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 2002.

Auslander, Philip. “Going with the Flow: Performance Art and Mass Culture.” TDR. Volume 33,

 

Number 2 (Summer 1989).

Auslander, Philip. “The Performativity of Performance Documentation.” PAJ 84 (2006).

 

Backstein, Joseph, and Daniel Birnbaum, Sven-Olov Wallenstein. Thinking Worlds - The Moscow Conference on Philosophy, Politics, and Art. Berlin: Sternberg Press, 2008.

 

Badovinac, Zdenka. Body and the East: From the 1960s to the Present. Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press, 1999.

 

Baer, Ulrich. Spectral Evidence: The Photography of Trauma. Cambridge: MIT Press, 2002. Baker, George. “Entr’acte.” October. Volume 105 (Summer 2003).

 

Bale, John. Imagined Olympians: Body Culture and Colonial Representations in Rwanda. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 2002.

 

Bale, John. Running Cultures: Racing in Time and Space. London: Frank Cass, 2004. Banes, Sally. Democracy’s Body: Judson Dance Theatre, 1962 - 1964. Durham, NC: Duke

 

University Press, 1993.

 

Banes, Sally. Terpsichore in Sneakers: Post-Modern Dance, 2nd edition. Middletown, CT: Wesleyan University Press, 1987.

  

Bartenieff, Irmgard. Body Movement: Coping with the Environment. New York: Routledge, 2002.

 

Barthes, Roland. Camera Lucida: Reflections on Photography. Translated by Richard Howard. New York: Hill and Wang, 198, 2010.

 

Barthes, Roland. Mythologies. Translated by Annette Lavers. New York: Hill and Wang, 1972. Batchen, Geoffrey. Burning with Desire: The Conception of Photography. Cambridge: MIT

 

Press, 1997.

 

Baudelaire, Charles. The Parisian Prowler, Le Spleen de Paris Petits Poèmes en Prose. Translated by Edward K. Kaplan. Athens: The University of Georgia Press, 1989.

 

Bauer, M. W. and G. Gaskell. Biotechnology — the Making of a Global Controversy. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2002.

 

Bayat, Asef. Life as Politics: How Ordinary People Change the Middle East. Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press, 2010, 2015.

 

Belaief, Lynne. “Meanings of the Body.” Journal of the Philosophy of Sport. Volume 4, Issue 1 (1977).

 

Bell, Catherine. Ritual: Perspectives and Dimensions. New York: Oxford University Press, 1997.

 

Benjamin, Walter. Charles Baudelaire: A Lyric Poet in the Era of High Capitalism. Translated by Harry Zohn. London: Verso, 1997.

 

Benjamin, Walter. Selected Writings, Volumes 1 - 4. Edited by Howard Eiland and Michael W. Jennings. Cambridge: Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 2003 - 2006.

 

Benjamin, Walter. “The Storyteller: Reflections on the Works of Nikolai Leskov.” In Illuminations. Edited by Hannah Arendt. Translated by Harry Zohn. New York: Schocken Books, 2007.

 

Bennett, Jill. Empathic Vision: Affect, Trauma, and Contemporary Art. Stanford, CA; Stanford University Press, 2005.

 

Berger, John. About Looking. New York: Pantheon Books, 1980.

 

Bergson, Henri. Laughter: An Essay on the Meaning of the Comic. Translated by Cloudesley Brereton and Fred Rothwell. New York: The Macmillan Company, 1914.

  

Bishop, Claire, and Marta Dziewańska, eds. 1968 - 1989: Political Upheaval and Artistic Change. Warsaw: Museum of Modern Art, 2009.

 

Bishop, Claire. Artificial Hells: Participatory Art and the Politics of Spectatorship. London: Verso, 2012.

 

Bishop, Claire. Radical Museology: or, What’s ‘Contemporary’ in Museums of Contemporary Art? London: Koenig Books, 2013.

 

Black, Graham. Transforming Museums in the Twenty-First Century. New York: Routledge, 2011.

 

Blaive, Muriel, and Christian Gerbel, Thomas Lindenberger, eds. Clashes in European Memory: The Case of Communist Repression and the Holocaust. Innsbruck: Studienverlag, 2011.

 

Blassnigg, Martha. Time, Memory, Consciousness and the Cinema Experience: Revisiting Ideas on Matter and Spirit. New York: Rodopi, 2009.

 

Bloomer, Kent C., and Charles Willard Moore. Body, Memory, and Architecture. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1977.

 

Boecker, Henning, et. al. “The Runner’s High: Opioidergic Mechanisms in the Human Brain.” Cerebral Cortex. Volume 18, Number 11 (2008).

 

Bougarel, Xavier, and Elissa Helms, Ger Duijzings, eds. The New Bosnian Mosaic: Identities, Memories and Moral Claims in a Post-War Society. Hampshire, England: Ashgate, 2007.

 

Bourdieu, Pierre. Outline of a Theory of Practice. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1977.

 

Bourriaud, Nicolas. Relational Aesthetics. Dijon: Les Presses du réel, 1998, 2002.

 

Brandstetter, Gabriele. Poetics of Dance: Body, Image and Space in the Historical Avant- Gardes. Translated by Elena Polzer and Mark Franko. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1995, 2015.

 

Braudy, Leo, and Marshall Cohen, eds. Film Theory and Criticism: Introductory Readings. New York: Oxford UP, 1999.

 

Braun, Marta. Eadweard Muybridge. London: Reaktion, 2010.

Braun, Marta. Picturing Time: The Work of Etienne-Jules Marey (1830 - 1904). Chicago:

 

University of Chicago Press, 1992, 1994.

 

Brettell, Richard R. Modern Art, 1851 - 1929: Capitalism and Representation. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1999.

  

Brooke, J.D., and H.T.A. Whiting, eds. Human Movement - A Field of Study. London: Henry Kimpton Publishers, 1973.

 

Brown, Keith S., and Yannis Hamilakis, eds. The Usable Past: Greek Metahistories. Lanham, MD: Lexington Books, 2003.

 

Brunnbauer, Ulf, and Konrad Clewing, eds. Südost-Forschungen. Munich: R. Oldenbourg Verlag, 2008.

 

Bruno, Giuliana. Atlas of Emotion: Journeys in Art, Architecture, and Film. New York: Verso, 2002.

 

Bryzgel, Amy. Performing the East: Performance Art in Russia, Latvia, and Poland since 1980. London: I.B. Tauris, 2012.

 

Buchloh, Benjamin H. D. Neo-Avantgarde and Culture Industry: Essays on European and American Art from 1955 to 1975. Cambridge: MIT Press, 2001, 2003.

 

Buck-Morss, Susan. The Dialectics of Seeing: Walter Benjamin and the Arcades Project. Cambridge: MIT Press, 1991.

 

Burchell, Graham, and Colin Gordon, Peter Miller, eds. The Foucault Effect: Studies in Governmentality. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1991.

 

Bürger, Peter. Theory of the Avant-Garde. Translated by Michael Shaw. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press and Manchester University Press, 1974, 1984.

 

Butler, Judith. Bodies that Matter: On the Discursive Limits of Sex. New York: Routledge, 1993. Butler, Judith. Gender Trouble: Feminism and the Subversion of Identity. New York: Routledge,

 

2006.

 

Butler, Samuel. Unconscious Memory: A Comparison between the Theory of Dr. Ewald Hering and the ‘Philosophy of the Unconscious’ of Dr. Edward von Hartmann. London: David Bogue, 1880.

 

Cage, John. Silence: Lectures and Writings. Middletown, CT: Wesleyan University Press, 1961. Campany, David, ed. The Cinematic: Documents of Contemporary Art. Cambridge: MIT Press,

 

2007.

Canales, Jimena. A Tenth of a Second: A History. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2009.

 

Careri, Francesco. Walkscapes: Walking as an Aesthetic Practice. Translated by Steve Piccolo and Paul Hammond. Barcelona: Editorial Gusavo Gili, 2002.

  

Carroll, Noël. Theorizing the Moving Image. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1996. Cetinić, Ljiljana, and Ana Panić, eds. Štafete: Titova Štafeta - Štafeta Mladosti, 1945 - 1987.

 

Belgrade: Tipografik plus, 2008.

Chase, Stuart. Men and Machines. New York: Macmillan Co, 1929.

 

Christesen, Paul. Sport and Democracy in the Ancient and Modern Worlds. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2012.

 

Christian, Mary. Marina Abramović: The Artist is Present. New York: The Museum of Modern Art, 2010.

 

Clark, Kenneth. The Nude: A Study in Ideal Form. New York: Pantheon Books, 1956. Coleman, Simon, and John Eade, eds. Reframing Pilgrimage: Cultures in Motion. London:

 

Routledge, 2004.

 

Connerton, Paul. The Spirit of Mourning: History, Memory and the Body. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2011.

 

Cosgrove, Denis. Geography and Vision: Seeing, Imagining and Representing the World. New York: I.B. Tauris, 2008.

 

Cottington, David. Cubism in the Shadow of War: The Avant-Garde and Politics in Paris 1905- 1914. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1998.

 

Crane, Susan, ed. Museums and Memory. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 2000. Crary, Jonathan. Techniques of the Observer: On Vision and Modernity in the Nineteenth

 

Century. Cambridge: MIT Press, 1990.

Crow, Thomas. The Rise of the Sixties: American and European Art in the Era of Dissent.

 

London: Laurence King Publishing, 1996.

 

Csiksgentmihalyi, Mihaly. Creativity! Flow and psychology of discovery and invention. New York: Harper Collins, 1996.

 

Cumming, John. Runners & Walkers: A Nineteenth Century Sports Chronicle. Chicago: Regency Gateway, 1981.

 

Cvejić, Bojana, and Ana Vujanović. Public Sphere by Performance. Belgrade: b_books, TkH, 2012.

  

Dagg, Anne Innis. Running, Walking, and Jumping: The Science of Locomotion. New York: Crane, Russak & Company, Inc, 1977.

 

de Certeau, Michel. The Practice of Everyday Life. Translated by Steven Rendall. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1984, 1988.

 

de Certeau, Michel. The Writing of History. Translated by Tom Conley. New York: Columbia University Press, 1975, 1988.

 

de Groote, Pascale. Ballets Suédois: Jean Börlin. Ghent: University of Ghent, 2002.

de Waal, Frans. The Age of Empathy: Nature’s Lessons for a Kinder Society. New York:

 

Harmony Books, 2009.

 

Deleuze, Gilles. Cinema 1: The Movement-Image. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1986.

 

Deleuze, Gilles, and Félix Guattari. A Thousand Plateaus. London: Continuum, 1980, 2008. Dewey, John. The Public and its Problems: An Essay in Political Inquiry. Edited by Melvin L.

 

Rogers. University Park, PA: The Pennsylvania State University, 2012.

di Giovanni, Janine. Madness Visible: A Memoir of War. London: Bloomsbury, 2005.

 

Djetelić, Pera, and Dragan Maršičević. Narodna Omladina i Jugoslovenski Kongres za Fizičku Kulturu. Beograd: Mladost, 1959.

 

Djurić, Dubravka, and Miško Šuvaković, eds. Impossible Histories: Historical Avant-gardes, Neo-avant-gardes, and Post-avant-gardes in Yugoslavia, 1918 - 1991. Cambridge: MIT Press, 2003.

 

Donawerth, Jane, ed. Rhetorical Theory by Women before 1900: An Anthology. Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, Inc, 2002.

 

Dörr, Evelyn. Rudolf Laban: The Dancer of the Crystal. Lanham, Maryland: The Rowman & Littlefield Publishing Group, Inc., 2008.

 

Drakulić, Slavenka. Balkan Express: Fragments from the Other Side of War. London: Hutchinson, 1993.

 

Drakulić, Slavenka. They Would Never Hurt a Fly: War Criminals on Trial in the Hague. New York: Penguin, 2005.

 

Drapag, Vesna. Constructing Yugoslavia: A Transnational History. London: Palgrave Macmillan, 2010.

Duncan, Carol. Civilizing Rituals: Inside Public Art Museums. Abingdon: Routledge, 1995. Eamon, Christopher. Rearview Mirror: New Art from Central and Eastern Europe. Edmonton:

 

Art Gallery of Alberta, 2011.

 

Eichberg, Henning, ed. Body Cultures: Essays on Sport, Space, and Identity. London, New York: Routledge, 1998.

 

Elias, Norbert. The Civilizing Process. Sociogenetic and Psychogenetic Investigations. Oxford: Blackwell, 1939, 2000.

 

Elias, Norbert, and Eric Dunning. Quest for Excitement: Sport and Leisure in the Civilising Process. Dublin: University of College Dublin Press, 2008.

 

Enwezor, Okwui. Archive Fever: Uses of the Document in Contemporary Art. Göttingen: Steidl Publishers, 2008.

 

Erjavec, Aleš, ed. Postmodernism and the Postsocialist Condition: Politicized Art under Late Socialism. Berkeley: University of California Press, 2003.

 

Fer, Briony, and David Batchelor, Paul Wood. Realism, Rationalism, Surrealism: Art Between the Wars. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1993.

 

Finn, David. How to Visit A Museum. New York: Abrams, 1985.

Fleming, Bruce. Running is Life: Transcending the Crisis of Modernity. Lanham: University

 

Press of America, Inc, 2010.

 

Forrester, Sibelan E.S., and Magdalena J. Zaborowska, Elena Gapova, eds. Over the Wall/After the Fall: Post-Communist Cultures Through an East-West Gaze. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 2004.

 

Foster, Hal. The Return of the Real: The Avant-Garde at the End of the Century. Cambridge: MIT Press, 1996.

 

Foster, Hal. “What’s Neo about the Neo-Avant-Garde?” October. Volume 70, The Duchamp Effect (Autumn, 1994), 5 - 32.

 

Foucault, Michel. Discipline and Punish: The Birth of the Prison. Translated by Alan Sheridan. New York: Vintage Books, Random House, Inc, 1977, 1995.

 

Foucault, Michel. The History of Sexuality Volume 1. Translated by Robert Hurley. New York: Pantheon Books, 1978.

 

Foucault, Michel. Power/Knowledge: Selected Interviews & Other Writings, 1972 - 1977. Edited by Colin Gordon. New York: Pantheon Books,1972, 1980.

  

Fraleigh, Sondra Horton. Dance and the Lived Body: A Descriptive Aesthetics. Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press, 1987.

 

Frampton, Hollis. “Eadweard Muybridge: Fragments of a Tesseract.” In On the Camera Arts and Consecutive Matters: The Writings of Hollis Frampton. Cambridge: MIT Press, 2009.

 

Fried, Michael. Four Honest Outlaws: Sala, Ray, Marioni, Gordon. New Haven: Yale University Press, 2011.

 

Gallagher, Catherine, and Thomas Laqueur, eds. The Making of the Modern Body: Sexuality and Society in the Nineteenth Century. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1987.

 

Gamwell, Lynn, ed. Dreams Nineteen Hundred to Two Thousand: Science, Art, and the Unconscious Mind. Binghamton: State University of New York at Binghamton, 2000.

 

Gay, Peter. Savage Reprisals: Bleak House, Madame Bovary, Buddenbrooks. New York: W.W. Norton & Company, 2002.

 

Gehm, Sabine, and Pirkko Husemann, Katharina von Wilke, eds. Knowledge in Motion: Perspectives of Artistic and Scientific Research in Dance. Translated by Bettina von Arps- Aubert. Bielefeld: Transcript, 2007.

 

Genoways, Hugh H., ed. Museum Philosophy for the Twenty-First Century. Oxford: AltaMira Press, 2006.

 

Geoghegan, Bernard Dionysius. “After Kittler: On the Cultural Techniques of Recent German Media Theory.” Theory Culture Society (August 2013).

 

Gidal, Peter. Materialist Film. London: Routledge, 1989.

Giedion, Siegfried. Space, Time, and Architecture: The Growth of a New Tradition. Cambridge:

 

Harvard University Press, 1974.

 

Godard, Jean-Luc. Godard on Godard. Edited by Jean Narboni and Tom Milne. New York: The Viking Press, 1968, 1972.

 

Gödl, Doris. “Challenging the Past: Serbian and Croatian Aggressor-Victim Narratives.” International Journal of Sociology 37. No. 1 (2007).

 

Goldberg, Roselee. Performance: Live Art Since the ‘60s. London: Thames & Hudson, 2004.

 

Goldberg, Roselee. Performance Art: From Futurism to the Present. London: Thames & Hudson, 2001.

  

Goldberg, Vicki, ed. Photography in Print: Writings from 1816 to the Present. New York: Simon and Schuster, 1981.

 

Golding, Sue, ed. The Eight Technologies of Otherness. London: Routledge, 1997. Gotaas, Thor. Running: A Global History. London: Reaktion Books, 2009.

 

Grau, Andrée, and Stephanie Jordan. Europe Dancing: Perspectives on Theatre, Dance, and Cultural Identity. New York: Routledge, 2000.

 

Grigorov, Dimitar. “‘Рачунајте на нас.’ ‘Oдломак’ о Титовој штафети или Штафети младости.” In Друштвену историју. Belgrade: 2008.

 

Grimes, Ronald L. Beginnings in Ritual Studies. Columbia: University of South Carolina Press, 1995.

 

Groys, Boris. Introduction to Antiphilosophy. Translated by David Fernbach. London: Verso, 2012.

 

Groys, Boris. The Communist Postscript. Translated by Thomas Ford. London: Verso, 2010. Groys, Boris, and Ann von der Heiden, Peter Weibel, eds. Zurück aus der Zukunft.

 

Osteuropäische Kulturen im Zeitalter des Postkommunismus. Berlin: Suhrkamp, 2005.

Gržinić, Marina, and Günther Heeg, Veronika Darian. Mind the Map! History is not a Given: A

 

th th

Critical Anthology Based on the Symposium [Leipzig, 13 -16 October 2005]. Frankfurt:

 

Revolver, 2006.

 

Guttman, Allen. “Sport, Politics, and the Engaged Historian.” Journal of Contemporary History. Volume 38, Number 3 (2003).

 

Hardt, Michael, and Antonio Negri. Empire. Boston, Harvard University Press, 2001. Hargreaves, Jennifer, and Patricia Anne Vertinsky, eds. Physical Culture, Power, and the Body.

 

New York: Routledge, 2007.

 

Harris, Mary Emma. The Arts at Black Mountain College. Cambridge: MIT Press, 1987, 2002.

 

Harte, Jane L., et. al. “The effects of running and meditation on beta-endorphin, corticotropin- releasing hormone and cortisol in plasma, and on mood.” Biological Psychology. Volume 40, Issue 3 (June 1995).

 

Harte, Jane L., and Georg H. Eifert. “The effects of running, environment, and attentional focus on athletes’ catecholamine and cortisol levels and moods.” Psychophysiology. Volume 32, Issue 1 (January 1995).

  

Havránek, Vít, ed. Jiří Kovanda: Actions and Installations, 2005-1976. Zurich: Tranzit & JRP|Ringier, 2006.

 

Helme, Sirje. PopKunst Forever: Estonian Pop Art at the Turn of the 1960s and 1970s. Tallinn: Art Museum of Estonia - Kumu Art Museu, 2010.

 

Hemmings, Frederick William John, ed. The Age of Realism. Baltimore: Penguin Books, 1974. Hendricks, Gordon. Eadweard Muybridge: The Father of the Motion Picture. New York:

 

Grossman Publishers, of Viking Press, 1975.

 

Henning, Michelle. Museums, Media, and Cultural Theory. New York: Open University Press, 2006.

 

Hewitt, Andrew. Social Choreography: Ideology as Performance in Dance and Everyday Movement. Durham: Duke University Press, 2005.

 

Higgins, Steven. Still Moving: The Film and Media Collections of the Museum of Modern Art. New York: The Museum of Modern Art, 2006.

 

Hoberman, John M. “Sport and Political Ideology.” Journal of Sport and Social Issues. Volume 1, Number 2 (1977).

 

Hodgson, John. Mastering Movement: The Life and Work of Rudolf Laban. New York: Routledge, 2001.

 

Hoelzl, Ingrid, and Friedrich Tietjen, eds. Images in Motion. Burges: Die Keure, 2012. Husserl, Edmund. The Phenomenology of Internal Time-Consciousness. Edited by Martin

 

Heidegger. Translated by James S. Churchill. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1964.

 

IRWIN, ed. East Art Map: Contemporary Art and Eastern Europe. London: Afterall and MIT Press, 2006.

 

Ivey, Paul Eli. Radiance from Halcyon: A Utopian Experiment in Religion and Science. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 2013.

 

Jameson, Frederic. Postmodernism, or, The Cultural Logic of Late Capitalism. Durham: Duke University Press,1991.

 

Janevski, Ana, ed. As Soon as I Open My Eyes I See a Film: Experiment in the Art of Yugoslavia in the 1960s and 1970s. Warsaw: Museum of Modern Art, 2010.

 

Jarausch, Konrad H., and Michael Geyer. Shattered Past: Reconstructing German Histories. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2003.

  

Jones, Amelia. Body Art/Performing the Subject. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1998.

 

Jones, Amelia, and Adrian Heathfield. Perform, Repeat, Record: Live Art in History. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2012.

 

Jones, Amelia. “The Body and Technology.” Art Journal. Volume 60, Number 1 (Spring, 2001). Joseph, Brandon W. Random Order: Robert Rauschenberg and the Neo-avant-garde.

 

Cambridge: MIT Press, 2003.

Joy, Jenn. The Choreographic. Cambridge: MIT Press, 2014.

 

Jünger, Ernst. “War and Photography.” Translated by Anthony Nassar. New German Critique. Number 59 (Spring-Summer, 1993).

 

Kater, Michael H. Hitler Youth. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 2004. Kebo, Ozren. Sarajevo za početnike. Sarajevo: Dani, 1996.

 

Kelley, Jeff, ed. Essays on the Blurring of Art and Life. Berkley: University of California Press, 1993, 2003.

 

Kern, Stephen. The Culture of Time and Space. Cambridge, Mass: Harvard University Press, 1983.

 

Kester, Grant H. Conversation Pieces: Community and Communication in Modern Art. Berkley: University of California Press, 2004.

 

Kholeif, Omar. Moving Image. London: Whitechapel, 2015.

Kirkpatrick, Sidney. The Revenge of Thomas Eakins. New Haven: Yale University Press, 2006.

 

Kirn, Gal, and Dubravka Sekulić, Žiga Testen, eds. Surfing the Black: Yugoslav Black Wave Cinema and its Transgressive Moments. Maastricht: Jan van Eyck Academie, 2012.

 

Kittler, Friedrich A. Gramophone, Film, Typewriter. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1999. Klinger, Cornelia, and Bartomeu Mari. Modernologies: Contemporary Artists Researching

 

Modernity and Modernism. Barcelona: Museu d’Art Contemporani de Barcelona, 2009.

Knell, Simon J., et al., eds. National Museums: New Studies from around the World. New York:

 

Routledge, 2011.

Knudson, Duane. Fundamentals of Biomechanics, Second Edition. New York: Springer, 2007.

  

Knust, Albrecht. Handbook of Kinetography Laban: Examples. Hamburg: Das Tanzarchiv, 1958. Koch, Sabine, et al. Body Memory, Metaphor, and Movement. Philadelphia: John Benjamins

 

Publishing Company, 2012.

Krauss, Rosalind E. “Sculpture in the Expanded Field.” October. Volume 8 (Spring 1979).

 

Krauss, Rosalind E. The Originality of the Avant-Garde and Other Modernist Myths. Cambridge: MIT Press, 1985.

 

Kuligowski, Waldemar. “A Relay of Youth of the 21st Century. A Re-enactment of Ritual or a Grotesque Performance?” Cargo. Volume 10, Number 1 - 2 (2012).

 

Kwon, Miwon. One Place After Another: Site-Specific Art and Locational Identity. Cambridge: MIT Press, 2002.

 

LaBelle, Brandon. Background Noise: Perspectives on Sound Art. London and New York: Continuum International Publishing Group, 2006.

 

Lakoff, George, and Mark Johnson. Metaphors We Live By. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1980.

 

Landsberg, Alison. Prosthetic Memory: The Transformation of American Remembrance in the Age of Mass Culture. New York: Columbia University Press, 2004.

 

Laws, Kenneth, and Francia Russell. Physics and the Art of Dance: Understanding Movement. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2002.

 

le Blanc, Guillaume. Courir: Méditations Physiques. Paris: Éditions Flammarion, 2012.

Leahy, Helen Rees. Museum Bodies: The Politics of Practices of Visiting and Viewing. Surrey,

 

England: Ashgate, 2012.

Lederman, Gail. Manliness and Civilization: A Cultural History of Gender and Race in the

 

United States, 1880 - 1917. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 1995. Lefebvre, Henri. The Production of Space. Oxford: Blackwell, 1991.

 

Lehman, Arnold L., and Brenda Richardson, eds. Oskar Schlemmer. Baltimore: The Baltimore Museum of Art, 1986.

 

Lemke, Thomas. Bio-Politics: An Advanced Introduction. Translated by Eric Frederick Trump. New York: New York University Press, 2011.

 

Lepage, Jean-Denis G.G. Hitler Youth, 1922 - 1945: An Illustrated History. London: McFarland & Company, Inc.,2009.

  

Lepecki, André, ed. Dance: Documents of Contemporary Art. London: MIT Press and WhiteChapel Gallery, 2012.

 

Leposavić, Radonja. vlasTito iskustvo. Belgrade: Publikum, 2005.

Licht, Alan. Sound Art: Beyond Music, Between Categories. New York: Rizzoli International

 

Publications, 2007.

 

Lippard, Lucy. Six Years: The Dematerialization of the Art Object from 1966 to 1972. Berkley: University of California Press, 1973.

 

Loland, Sigmund, and Berit Skirstad, Ivan Waddington. Pain and Injury in Sport: Social and Ethical Analysis. New York: Routledge, 2006.

 

Luthar, Breda, and Maruša Pušnik, eds. Remembering Utopia: The Culture of Everyday Life in Socialist Yugoslavia. Washington, D.C.: New Academia Publishers, 2010.

 

Mackay, Robin, and Armen Avanessian, eds. #Accelerate: The Accelerationist Reader. Falmouth, UK: Urbanomic, 2014.

 

Malcolm, Noel. Bosnia: A Short Story. London: MacMillan, 1994.

Maletic, Vera. Body - Space - Expression: The Development of Rudolf Laban’s Movement and

 

Dance Concepts. Amsterdam: Mouton de Gruyter, 1987.

Marie, Michel. The French New Wave: An Artistic School. Translated by Richard Neupert.

 

Oxford: Blackwell Publishing, 1997.

 

Marien, Mary Warner. Photography: A Cultural History. 2nd Edition. London: Laurence King Publishing Ltd, 2002, 2006.

 

Marks, Laura. Touch: Sensuous Theory and Multisensory Media. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 2002.

 

Marvin, Carolyn. When Old Technologies Were New: Thinking about Electric Communication in the Late Nineteenth Century. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1988.

 

Mathews, Nancy Mowll. “The Body in Motion.” In Moving Pictures: American Art and Early Film, 1880 - 1910. Manchester, Vermont: Hudson Hills Press, 2005.

 

Mauss, Marcel. “Techniques of the Body” (1934). In Incorporations, Zone 6. Edited by Jonathan Crary and Sanford Kwinter. New York: Zone, 1992.

 

Mazower, Mark. Dark Continent: Europe’s Twentieth Century. New York: A.A. Knopf, 1999.

  

McGinnis, Peter M. Biomechanics of Sport and Exercise, Third Edition. Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics, 2013.

 

McSorley, Kevin, ed. War and the Body: Militarisation, Practice and Experience. New York: Routledge, 2013.

 

Meltzer, Eve. Systems We Have Loved: Conceptual Art, Affect, and the Antihumanist Turn. Chicago: The University of Chicago, 2013.

 

Merleau-Ponty, Maurice. The Phenomenology of Perception. Translated by Colin Smith. London: Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1962, 1989.

 

Metz, Christian. Film Language: A Semiotics of the Cinema. Translated by Michael Taylor. New York: Oxford University Press, 1974.

 

Metz, Christian. “Photography and Fetish.” October. Volume 34 (Autumn, 1985).

Meyer, James. Minimalism: Art and Polemics in the Sixties. New Haven: Yale University Press,

 

Michelson, Annette, ed. Kino-Eye: The Writings of Dziga Vertov. Translated by Kevin O’Brien. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1984.

 

Mirzoeff, Nicholas, ed. The Visual Culture Reader, Second Edition. New York: Routledge, 1998, 2002.

 

Mishima, Yukio. Sun and Steel: His Personal Testament on Art, Action, and Ritual Death. New York: Kodansha, 1970.

 

Mondloch, Kate. Screens: Viewing Media Installation Art. Minneapolis: The University of Minnesota Press, 2010.

 

Moore, Sarah J. Empire on Display: San Francisco’s Panama-Pacific International Exposition of 1915. Norman, OK: University of Oklahoma Press, 2013.

 

Morgan, William P. “Affective beneficence of vigorous physical activity.” Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise. Volume 17, Number 1 (February 1985).

 

Morse, Meredith. Soft is Fast: Simone Forti in the 1960s and After. Cambridge: MIT Press, 2016.

 

Mosse, George L. The Image of Man: The Creation of Modern Masculinity. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1996.

 

Motherwell, Robert, ed. Dada Painters and Poets. New Haven: Harvard University Press, 1981.

  

Mozley, Anita Ventura, ed. Eadweard Muybridge: The Stanford Years, 1872 - 1882. San Francisco: Stanford University, 1972.

 

Mulvey, Laura. Death 24x a Second: Stillness and the Moving Image. London: Reaction books, 2006.

 

Mumford, Lewis. Technics and Civilization. London: Routledge & Kegan Paul LTD, 1934, 1955.

 

Muñoz, José Esteban. Disidentifications: Queers of Color and the Performance of Politics. Minneapolis: The University of Minnesota Press, 1999.

 

Musolff, Andreas. Metaphor, Nation, and the Holocaust: The Concept of the Body Politic. New York: Routledge, 2010.

 

New Collectivism, ed. Neue Slowenische Kunst. Translated by Marjan Golobič. Hong Kong: Paramount Printing, 1991.

 

Newman, Michael, and Jon Bird, eds. Rewriting Conceptual Art. London: Reaction Books, 1999. O’Doherty, Brian. Inside the White Cube: The Ideology of the Gallery Space. Berkley:

 

University of California Press, 1986.

 

O’Rourke, Karen. Walking and Mapping: Artists as Cartographers. Cambridge: MIT Press, 2013.

 

Obrist, Hans Ulrich. Do It: The Compendium. New York: Independent Curators International/D.A.P., 2013.

 

Partsch-Bergsohn, Isa. Modern Dance in Germany and the Untied States: Crosscurrents and Influences. Chur: Harwood Academic Publishers, 1994.

 

Passerini, Luisa, ed. Memory and Totalitarianism. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1992. Pavković, Aleksandar. The Fragmentation of Yugoslavia: Nationalism and War in the Balkans,

 

Second Edition. New York: St. Martin’s Press, 2000.

 

Pegrum, Mark A. Challenging Modernity: Dada Between Modern and Postmodern. Oxford: Berghahn Books, 2000.

 

Peiffer, Lorenz. Sport im Nationalsozialismus: Zum aktuellen Stand der sporthistorischen Forschung. Göttingen: Verlag Die Werkstaat, 2004, 2015.

 

Pejić, Bojana, and David Elliot. After the Wall: Art and Culture in Post-Communist Europe. Stockholm: Moderna Museet, 1999.

  

Penz, Otto. “Sport and Speed.” International Review for the Sociology of Sport. Volume 25, Number 2 (June 1990).

 

Peoples, Crocker. “A Psychological Analysis of the ‘Runner’s High’ (Human Performance).” Physical Educator. Volume 40, Number 1 (March 1, 1983).

 

Perica, Vjekoslav. Balkan Idols: Religion and Nationalism in Yugoslav States. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2002.

 

Petrov, Ana. “Telesni projekti i regulacija normativnog tela: uloga fizičke kulture u Jugoslaviji.” Institut za etnologiju i folkloristiku. Issue 51, Number 2 (2014).

 

Pfister, Gertrud, ed. Gymnastics, A Transatlantic Movement: From Europe to America. New York: Routledge, 2011.

 

Phelan, Peggy. Unmarked: The Politics of Performance. New York: Routledge, 1993. Phillips, Christopher, ed. Photography in the Modern Era: European Documents and Critical

 

Writings, 1913 - 1940. New York: The Metropolitan Museum of Art/Aperature, 1990. Phillips, Murray G. Deconstructing Sport History: A Postmodern Analysis. Albany: State

 

University of New York Press, 2006.

 

Pissaro, Joachim, et al. Martin Creed: What’s the Point of It? London: Hayward Publishing, 2014.

 

Piotrowski, Piotr. In the Shadow of Yalta: Art and the Avant-Garde in Eastern Europe, 1945 - 1989. London: Reaktion, 2009.

 

Preston-Dunlop, Valerie. Rudolf Laban: An Extraordinary Life. London, Dance Books, 1998. Preziosi, Donald. Art Religion Amnesia: The Enchantments of Credulity. New York: Routledge,

  

Pursell, Caroll. White Heat: People and Technology. Berkley: University of California Press, 1994.

 

Quercetani, R. L. A World History of Track and Field Athletics 1864-1964. London: Oxford University Press, 1964.

 

Rabinbach, Anson. The Human Motor: Energy, Fatigue, and the Origins of Modernity. New York: Basic Books, 1990.

 

Rabinow, Paul, ed. The Foucault Reader. New York: Random House, 1984.

  

Radstone, Susannah, and Bill Schwarz, Memory: Histories, Theories, Debates. New York: Fordham University Press, 2010.

 

Rancière, Jacques. Aesthetics and its Discontents. Malden: Polity Press, 2004.

Rancière, Jacques. The Emancipated Spectator. Translated by Gregory Elliot. London: Verso,

 

Rancière, Jacques. The Politics of Aesthetics: The Distribution of the Sensible. London: Continuum, 2006.

 

Rees, A.L., and Duncan White, Steven Ball, David Curtis, eds. Expanded Cinema: Art, Performance, Film. London: Tate Publishing, 2011.

 

Rempel, Gerhard. Hitler’s Children: The Hitler Youth and the SS. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1989.

 

Richards, Mary. Marina Abramović. New York: Routledge, 2010.

Ricoeur, Paul. Oneself as Another. Translated by Kathleen Blamey. Chicago: University of

 

Chicago Press, 1992.

Rosa, Hartmut. Beschleunigung und Entfremdung: Entwurf einer Kritischen Theorie

 

spätmoderner Zeitlichkeit. Berlin: Suhrkamp, 2013.

Rosa, Hartmut, and William E. Scheuerman. High-Speed: Social Acceleration, Power, and

 

Modernity. University Park, PA: The Pennsylvania State University, 2009.

Rosati, Lauren, and Mary Anne Staniszewski, eds. Alternative Histories: New York Art Spaces,

 

1960-2010. Cambridge: MIT Press, 2012.

 

Rosenstone, Robert A., “History in Images/History in Words: Reflections on the Possibility of Really Putting History onto Film.” The American Historical Review. Volume 93. Number 5 (December 1988).

 

Rossol, Nadine. Performing the Nation in Interwar Germany: Sport, Spectacle, and Political Symbolism, 1926 - 1936. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2010.

 

Roxby-Maude, Alice, On Camera: Performance and Photography. Southampton: John Hansard Gallery, 2007.

 

Ruyter, Nancy Lee Chalfa. The Cultivation of Body and Mind in Nineteenth-Century American Delsartism. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press, 1999.

 

Salazar, James B. Bodies of Reform The Rhetoric of Character in Gilded Age America. New York: New York University Press, 2010.

  

Schechner, Richard. Essays on Performance Theory 1970 - 1976. New York: Drama Book Specialists, 1973, 1977.

 

Scheerder, Jeroen, and Koen Breedveld, eds. Running Across Europe: The Rise and Size of One of the Largest Sport Markets. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2015.

 

Seckinelgin, H., and Billy Wong, eds. Global Civil Society 2011: Globally and the Absence of Justice. Hampshire: Palgrave Macmillan, 2011.

 

Sekula, Allan. “The Body and the Archive.” October. Volume 39 (Winter, 1986). Semon, Richard. Die mnemischen Empmfindungen in ihren Beziehungen zu den

 

Originalempfindungen. Leipzig: W. Engelmann, 1909.

Shawn, Ted. Every Little Movement: A Book About François Delsarte. Pittsfield, MA: The Eagle

 

Printing and Binding Company, 1954.

Shayt, David H. “Stairway to Redemption: America’s Encounter with the British Prison

 

Treadmill.” Technology and Culture, Volume 30, Number 4 (Oct. 1989).

Sheridan, Heather, and Leslie Howe, and Keith Thompson, eds. Sporting Reflections: Some

 

Philosophical Perspectives. Aachen: Meyer & Meyer Verlag, 2007.

 

Siegmund, Gerald, and Stefan Hölscher, eds. Dance, Politics, and Co-Immunity: Thinking Resistances, Current Perspectives on Politics and Communities in the Arts. Volume 1. Zürich- Berlin: Diaphanes, 2013.

 

Sileo, Diego, and Eugenio Viola, PAC (Milano), eds. Marina Abramović: The Abramović Method. 2 Volumes. Milan: 24 ORE Cultura, 2012.

 

Silverman, Kaja. The Subject of Semiotics. New York: Oxford University Press, 1983.

Slevin, Tom. Vision of the Human: Art, World War One and the Modernist Subject. London: I.B.

 

Tauris, 2015.

 

Solnit, Rebecca. River of Shadows: Eadweard Muybridge and the Technological Wild West. New York: Viking, 2003.

 

Solnit, Rebecca. Wanderlust: A History of Walking. London: Verso, 2001.

Sontag, Susan. Against Interpretation and Other Essays. New York: Picador, 1966, 2001. Sontag, Susan. “Fascinating Fascism.” The New York Review of Books (6 February 1975). Sontag, Susan. On Photography. New York: Picador, 1977.

  

Spieker, Sven. The Big Archive: Art from Bureaucracy. Cambridge: MIT Press, 2008. Stepišnik, Drago. Oris Zgodovine Telesne Kulture na Slovenskem. Ljubljana: Dražavna založba

 

Slovenija, 1968.

 

Stipančić, Branka. “‘Zame je resničnost umetnost,’ Intervju s Tomislavom Gotovcem.” Vijenac, Number 123/VI (8 Oct. 1998).

 

Stoddart, Tom. Sarajevo. Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution Press, 1998.

Stošić, Mirjana. “Body-name — The Brotherhood Chronotype and Social Choreography.”

 

Култура/Culture (2015).

Suljagić, Emir. Postcards from the Grave. Translated by Lejla Haverić. London: The Bosnian

 

Institute, 2005.

 

Susovski, Marijan, ed. The New Art Practice in Yugoslavia, 1966 - 1978. Zagreb: Gallery of Contemporary Art, 1978.

 

Sutil, Nicolás Salazar. Motion and Representation: The Language of Human Movement. Cambridge: MIT Press, 2015.

 

Swenson, Kirsten. Irrational Judgements: Eva Hesse, Sol Lewitt, and 1960s New York. New Haven: Yale University Press, 2015.

 

Szeemann, Harold. Zum freien Tanz, zu reiner Kunst. Rolandseck: Stiftung Hans Arp und Sophie Taeuber-Arp, 1991.

 

Tagg, John. The Burden of Representation: Essays on Photographies and Histories. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1988.

 

Tilmans, Karin, and Frank van Vree, Jay Winter, eds. Performing the Past: Memory, History, and Identity in Modern Europe. Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press, 2010.

 

Tumarkin, Maria M. Traumascapes: The Power and Fate of Places Transformed by Tragedies. Victoria, Australia: Melbourne University Press, 2005.

 

Udall, Sharyn R. Dance and American Art: A Long Embrace. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 2012.

 

Vacche, Angela Dalle. Film, Art, New Media: Museum without Walls? New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2012.

 

Vertinsky, Patricia Anne. The Eternally Wounded Woman: Women, Doctors, and Exercise in the Late Nineteenth Century. Manchester: Manchester University Press, 1989.

  

Virilio, Paul. The Art of the Motor. Translated Julie Rose. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1995.

 

Weibel, Peter. Beyond Art: A Third Culture. Vienna: Ambra Verlag, 2005.

 

Wells, Liz, ed. Photography: A Critical Introduction. New York: Rutledge, 1996/2015.

 

Westcott, James. When Marina Abramović Dies: A Biography. Cambridge: MIT Press, 2010.

 

White, Hayden. “Historiography and Historiophoty.” The American Historical Review. Volume 93. Number 5 (December 1988).

 

White, Hayden V. Metahistory: The Historical Imagination in Nineteenth-Century Europe. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1973.

 

Wiehager, Renate, ed. Moving Pictures: Photography and Film in Contemporary Art. Ostfildern- Ruit, Germany: Hate Cantz Publishers, 2001.

 

Williams, Raymond. Culture and Society, 1780 - 1950. New York: Columbia University Press, 1958/1983.

 

Wood, Catherine. Yvonne Rainer: The Mind is a Muscle. London: Afterall, 2007. Wood, Denis. The Power of Maps. New York: Guilford Press, 2010.

 

Woodward, Susan L. Balkan Tragedy: Chaos and Dissolution after the Cold War. Washington, D.C.: The Brookings Institution, 1995.

 

Young, Kevin. Deviance and Social Control in Sport. Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics, 2008. Youngblood, Gene. Expanded Cinema. New York: E.P. Dutton and Co., 1970.

 

Zelizer, Barbie, ed. Visual Culture and the Holocaust. New Brunswick: Rutgers University Press, 2001.

 

Zidić, Igor, and Ana Dević, Antonio Gotovac Lauer a.k.a. Tomislav Gotovac. Antonio Gotovac Lauer: Čelična mreža. Zagreb: Moderna Galerija and Studio Josip Račič, 2006.

 

Zorn, John W., ed. The Essential Delsarte. Metuchen, NJ: The Scarecrow Press, Inc, 1968.

 

Žižek, Slavoj. The Indivisible Remainder: An Essay on Schelling and Related Matters. London: Verso, 1996.

 

----

  

------------about Venice Biennale history from wikipedia ---------

curators previous

* 1948 – Rodolfo Pallucchini

* 1966 – Gian Alberto Dell'Acqua

* 1968 – Maurizio Calvesi and Guido Ballo

* 1970 – Umbro Apollonio

* 1972 – Mario Penelope

* 1974 – Vittorio Gregotti

* 1978 – Luigi Scarpa

* 1980 – Luigi Carluccio

* 1982 – Sisto Dalla Palma

* 1984 – Maurizio Calvesi

* 1986 – Maurizio Calvesi

* 1988 – Giovanni Carandente

* 1990 – Giovanni Carandente

* 1993 – Achille Bonito Oliva

* 1995 – Jean Clair

* 1997 – Germano Celant

* 1999 – Harald Szeemann

* 2001 – Harald Szeemann

* 2003 – Francesco Bonami

* 2005 – María de Corral and Rosa Martinez

* 2007 – Robert Storr

* 2009 – Daniel Birnbaum

* 2011 – Bice Curiger

* 2013 – Massimiliano Gioni

* 2015 – Okwui Enwezor

* 2017 – Christine Macel[19]

* 2019 – Ralph Rugoff[20]

  

----------

 

#art #artist #artistic #artists #arte #artwork

 

Pavilion at the Venice Biennale #artcontemporain contemporary art Giardini arsenal

 

venice Veneziako VenecijaVenècia Venedig Venetië Veneetsia Venetsia Venise Venecia VenedigΒενετία( Venetía Hungarian Velence Feneyjar Venice Venezia Venēcija Venezja Venezia Wenecja Veneza VenețiaVenetsiya BenátkyBenetke Venecia Fenisוועניס Վենետիկ ভেনি স威尼斯 (wēinísī) 威尼斯 ვენეციისવે નિસवेनिसヴェネツィアವೆನಿಸ್베니스வெனிஸ்వెనిస్เวนิซوینس Venetsiya

 

art umjetnost umění kunst taide τέχνη művészetList ealaín arte māksla menasarti Kunst sztuka artă umenie umetnost konstcelfקונסטարվեստincəsənətশিল্প艺术(yìshù)藝術 (yìshù)ხელოვნებაकलाkos duabアートಕಲೆសិល្បៈ미술(misul)ສິນລະປະകലकलाအတတ်ပညာकलाකලාවகலைఆర్ట్ศิลปะ آرٹsan'atnghệ thuậtفن (fan)אומנותهنرsanat artist

 

other Biennale :(Biennials ) :

Venice Biennial , Documenta Havana Biennial,Istanbul Biennial ( Istanbuli),Biennale de Lyon ,Dak'Art Berlin Biennial,Mercosul Visual Arts Biennial ,Bienal do Mercosul Porto Alegre.,Berlin Biennial ,Echigo-Tsumari Triennial .Yokohama Triennial Aichi Triennale,manifesta ,Copenhagen Biennale,Aichi Triennale .Yokohama Triennial,Echigo-Tsumari Triennial.Sharjah Biennial ,Biennale of Sydney, Liverpool , São Paulo Biennial ; Athens Biennale , Bienal do Mercosul ,Göteborg International Biennial for Contemporary Art ,DOCUMENTA KASSEL ATHENS

* Dakar

  

kritik [edit] kritikaria kritičar crític kritiker criticus kriitik kriitikko critique crítico Kritiker κριτικός(kritikós) kritikus Gagnrýnandi léirmheastóir critico kritiķis kritikas kritiku krytyk crítico critic crítico krytyk beirniad קריטיקער

 

Basque Veneziako Venecija [edit] Catalan Venècia Venedig Venetië Veneetsia Venetsia Venise Venecia Venedig Βενετία(Venetía) Hungarian Velence Feneyjar Venice Venezia Latvian Venēcija Venezja Venezia Wenecja Portuguese Veneza Veneția Venetsiya Benátky Benetke Venecia Fenis וועניס Վենետիկ ভেনিস 威尼斯 (wēinísī) 威尼斯 Georgian ვენეციის વેનિસ वेनिस ヴェネツィア ವೆನಿಸ್ 베니스 வெனிஸ் వెనిస్ เวนิซ وینس Venetsiya

 

Thierry Geoffroy / Colonel

#thierrygeoffroy #geoffroycolonel #thierrygeoffroycololonel #lecolonel #biennalist

 

#artformat #formatart

#emergencyart #urgencyart #urgentart #artofthenow #nowart

emergency art emergency art urgency artist de garde vagt alarm emergency room necessityart artistrole exigencyart predicament prediction pressureart

 

#InstitutionalCritique

 

#venicebiennale #venicebiennale2017 #venicebiennale2015

#venicebiennale2019

#venice #biennale #venicebiennale #venezia #italy

#venezia #venice #veniceitaly #venicebiennale

 

#pastlife #memory #venicebiennale #venice #Venezia #italy #hotelveniceitalia #artexhibit #artshow #internationalart #contemporaryart #themundane #summerday

 

#biennalevenice

 

Institutional Critique

 

Identity Politics Post-War Consumerism, Engagement with Mass Media, Performance Art, The Body, Film/Video, Political, Collage, , Cultural Commentary, Self as Subject, Color Photography, Related to Fashion, Digital Culture, Photography, Human Figure, Technology

 

Racial and Ethnic Identity, Neo-Conceptualism, Diaristic

 

Contemporary Re-creations, Popular Culture, Appropriation, Contemporary Sculpture,

 

Culture, Collective History, Group of Portraits, Photographic Source

 

, Endurance Art, Film/Video,, Conceptual Art and Contemporary Conceptualism, Color Photography, Human Figure, Cultural Commentary

 

War and Military, Political Figures, Social Action, Racial and Ethnic Identity, Conflict

 

Personal Histories, Alter Egos and Avatars

 

Use of Common Materials, Found Objects, Related to Literature, Installation, Mixed-Media, Engagement with Mass Media, Collage,, Outdoor Art, Work on Paper, Text

  

Appropriation (art) Art intervention Classificatory disputes about art Conceptual art Environmental sculpture Found object Interactive art Modern art Neo-conceptual art Performance art Sound art Sound installation Street installations Video installation Conceptual art Art movements Postmodern art Contemporary art Art media Aesthetics Conceptualism

 

Post-conceptualism Anti-anti-art Body art Conceptual architecture Contemporary art Experiments in Art and Technology Found object Happening Fluxus Information art Installation art Intermedia Land art Modern art Neo-conceptual art Net art Postmodern art Generative Art Street installation Systems art Video art Visual arts ART/MEDIA conceptual artis

 

—-

 

CRITICAL RUN is an art format developed by Thierry Geoffroy / COLONEL, It follows the spirit of ULTRACONTEMPORARY and EMERGENCY ART as well as aims to train the AWARENESS MUSCLE.​

Critical Run has been activated on invitation from institutions such as Moderna Muset Stockholm, Moma PS1 ,Witte de With Rotterdam, ZKM Karlsruhe, Liverpool Biennale, Manifesta Biennial ,Sprengel Museum,Venice Biennale but have also just happened on the spot because a debate was necessary here and now.

 

It has been activated in Beijing, Cairo, London, Istanbul, Athens, Kassel, Sao Paolo, Hanoi, Istanbul, Paris, Copenhagen, Moskow, Napoli, Sydney, Wroclaw, Bruxelles, Rotterdam, Siberia, Karlsruhe, Barcelona, Aalborg, Venice, Virginia, Stockholm, Aarhus, Rio de Janeiro, Budapest, Washington, Lyon, Caracas, Trondheim, Berlin, Toronto, Hannover, Haage, Newtown, Cartagena, Tallinn, Herning, Roskilde;Mannheim ;Munich etc...

 

The run debates are about emergency topics like Climate Change , Xenophobia , Wars , Hyppocrisie , Apathy ,etc ...

 

Participants have been very various from Sweddish art critics , German police , American climate activist , Chinese Gallerists , Brasilian students , etc ...

 

Critical Run is an art format , like Emergency Room or Biennalist and is part of Emergency Art ULTRACONTEMPORARY and AWARENESS MUSCLE .

 

www.emergencyrooms.org/criticalrun.html

 

www.emergencyrooms.org/formats.html

-------

In 2020 a large exhibition will show 40 of the Critical Run at the Museum Villa Stuck in Munich / part of the Awareness Muscle Training Center

------

for activating the format or for inviting the installation

please contact 1@colonel.dk

 

www.colonel.dk/

 

-----

 

critical,run,art,format,debate ,artformat,formatart,moment,clarity,emergency,kunst,

 

Sport,effort,curator,artist,urgency,urgence,criticalrun,emergencies,ultracontemporary

,rundebate,sport,art,activism, critic,laufen,Thierry Geoffroy , Colonel,kunstformat

 

,now art,copenhagen,denmark

 

The villain known as Slipknot runs over the rooftops in Pittsburgh. He just robbed the home of the richest family in Pittsburgh. He has been the only one to pass their security and successfully escape. His victory is short lived though, as Firestorm hovers above him.

 

FS: "Damn it, Weiss. You were just released from Blackgate, and this is already the fourth home you've robbed this week."

 

Spknt: "Which means you haven't been able to catch me this whole week!"

 

FS: "Now you're just messing with me."

 

Slipknot aims and fires his grapplinggun.

 

MS: "Ronald, change the rope into water. That way he'll be useless without his gun and you can take him."

 

FS: "Alright doc."

 

Ronnie changes the rope into water and before Slipknot can respond he gets knocked out. At that moment Steve Trevor and an A.R.G.U.S. agent appear and they restrain Slipknot.

 

FS: "Colonel? What are you doing in Pittsburgh?"

 

ST: "Same as you apparently. After Slipknot escaped Blackgate, they deployed me to retrieve him."

 

FS: "Why A.R.G.U.S.?"

 

ST: "That's classified kid... and Professor."

 

FS: "Well, he's all yours colonel."

 

ST: "Thank you, Firestorm."

 

He nodds and they fly off.

 

FS: "Doesn't it bother you? That they know who we are?"

 

MS: "To be honest Ronald, I don't know. It comes in handy from time to time, but it can also work against you. Imagine if we would know who Batman is. That wouldn't only be a burden for him, but for us too."

 

FS: "I guess you're right."

 

MS: "As long as they don't give us any trouble, there will be nothing to worry about."

 

Ronnie wants to respond but some kind of portal opens. A portal they have seen before.

 

FS: "What the hell?"

 

MS: "No... It can't be."

 

Out of the portal flies one of their oldest enemy, one they hoped never to see again, an evil counterpart that simply showed up: Deathstorm.

Italian postcard by Rotalfoto, Milano, no. 621.

 

On 17 July 2021, Jacqueline Sassard (1940) died of natural causes in Lugano, Switzerland. In the late 1950s and 1960, the charming and beautiful French actress had a short but successful career in European cinema. Sassard was 81.

 

Jacqueline Sassard was born in Nice, France in 1940. She started her career as a teenager in the French thriller Je plaide non coupable/Guilty? (Edmond Gréville, 1956). The following year, she played the title role of the Italian comedy Guendalina (Alberto Lattuada, 1957), with Sylva Koscina and Raf Vallone as her parents. The film was produced by Dino De Laurentiis and Carlo Ponti, and the latter offered her another lead role in the comedy Nata di marzo/Born in March (Antonio Pietrangeli, 1958) opposite Gabriele Ferzetti. For her role, she won the Zuleta Prize at the San Sebastián International Film Festival 1958. In Italy, she also appeared as a young woman with family and economical troubles in Il magistrato/The Magistrate (Luigi Zampa, 1959), a co-production with Spain and France. The Spaniard José Suárez stars in the film, and other roles were played by François Périer and a 21-year-old Claudia Cardinale. In the award-winning drama Estate violenta/Violent Summer (Valerio Zurlini, 1959), her character is left by Jean Louis Trintignant for Eleonora Rossi Drago. She also played one of the three sisters who take revenge on playboy Alain Delon in the comedy Faibles femmes/Three Murderesses (Michel Boisrond, 1959), co-starring Mylène Démongeot and Pascale Petit.

 

In the early 1960s, Jacqueline Sassard mainly worked in Italy in less prestigious films than before. It was the period of the Peplum spectacles and she was seen as Antiope in Arrivano i titani/The Titans (Duccio Tessari, 1962) with Pedro Armendáriz and Giuliano Gemma. Hal Erickson at AllMovie: “My Son the Hero started out in 1961 as a straightforward Italian sword and sandal affair titled Arrivano i Titani, all about the quest for a magic helmet in ancient Thebes. Well cast (Pedro Armendariz is the star) and extremely well photographed, the original film was still not sufficiently different from all the other Italian strongman films glutting the American market in 1963. Thus the American distributors hit upon the notion of transforming the film into a satire, by redubbing all the actors and hoking up the sound effects. What resulted was a heady mixture of Yiddish accents, Borscht-belt one-liners, and rippling pecs.” Sassard also appeared in a small part opposite Steve Reeves in the adventure film Sandokan, la tigre di Mompracem/Sandokan the Great (Umberto Lenzi, 1963). In between, Sassard played opposite Freddy Quinn in the German Schlagerfilm Freddy und das Lied der Südsee/Freddy and the Song of the South Seas (Werner Jacobs, 1962). She had a supporting part in the Italian-French sex comedy Le voci bianche/Counter Tenors (Pasquale Festa Campanile, Massimo Franciosa, 1964) with Sandra Milo and Anouk Aimée.

 

One of Jacqueline Sassard’s best films is the Italian drama Le stagioni del nostro amore/Seasons of Our Love (Florestano Vancini, 1966) with Enrico Maria Salerno and Anouk Aimée. Sassard then played an Austrian princess in the prestigious British film Accident (Joseph Losey, 1967), based on a script by Harold Pinter and starring Dirk Bogarde. At the 1967 Cannes Film Festival, the film won the Grand Prix Spécial du Jury. Gavin Jones at IMDb: “One of the best films ever made, this movie oozes atmosphere. The cinematography is impeccable, the script disturbingly brilliant.” Her last credited screen appearance was opposite Stéphane Audran and Jean-Louis Trintignant in the sensual and sexy thriller Les Biches/The Does/Girlfriends (1968), directed by Claude Chabrol. It was one of the first films subtly dealing with bisexuality. James Travers at French Films: “All the time, we, the audience, are seduced by the beautiful cinematography, the captivating, sensual performances, most notably from the Sphinx-like Stéphane Audran, and Chabrol's masterful direction. This is a deliciously seductive work, but one which is also profoundly disturbing.” Then Jacqueline Sassard retired and disappeared from public view. In Brazil, she had met Gianni Lancia, the Italian former automobile engineer, industrialist, and racing enthusiast. They married and had one son, Lorenzo. At the age of 81, Jacqueline Sassard died of natural causes in Lugano, Switzerland, in 2021.

 

Sources: Hal Erickson (AllMovie), James Travers (French Films), Gavin Jones (IMDb), Wikipedia, and IMDb.

 

And, please check out our blog European Film Star Postcards.

Came for the colour stayed for the show..

 

First decently hot summers day this year with typical afternoon storm to wind up the day.

 

Well a little bit more than typical arvo storm .. really blasted thru - much wind and rain.

 

Decided to wait it out for after the front to pass and try to catch some possible light afterwards - more on that in the next couple of days .. but the storms just ekpt coming was favoured with four quite tasty frames for the trouble.

 

Ski Way Park, Oak Flats, Lake Illawarra, NSW.

 

Pentax K1 w DFA24-70/2.8 and Pluto trigger.

 

ISO400 f/5.6 1.3s

 

Single frame arw developed in DxO PhotoLab 6, colour graded in Color Efex Pro 5 with a visit to Topaz (Denoise, AI and Sharpen - dependant on the frame) and I final stop back in PhotoLab.

Jacob Hoobler III was a fourth generation descendant of Jacob Hoobler, who traveled from Germany in 1733 and landed at the Port of Philadelphia. The travels of Jacob Hoobler took the first family westward to the Tulpehocken Valley of Pennsylvania - Cumberland County, Pennsylvania - Germantown, Ohio - Taylor’s Creek, Ohio (near Cincinnati) - and Fountain County, Indiana, near Veedersburg, where Jacob III was born November 21, 1847.

 

When he was three years old, the Hoobler family moved to Streator, Illinois, where young Jacob grew to manhood. On September 3, 1867, Jacob III married a Streator home town girl, Margaret Elmira Smith, who was born November 20, 1848. Jacob III and Margaret had thirteen children, the first seven were born in Streator. Two children died at birth. The Streator children were Minnie Estella, William, Ezra, John and George. In 1877 the family bought $5 an acre railroad land along the Kansas river, near St. Marys, Kansas, where they begin farming on a large scale.

 

Jacob III and Margaret had six more children born in St. Marys, Kansas. The children were; Myrtie, Alta, Frank, Mabel, Elva and Clarence. Floods probably prompted the next move, which was led by Myrtie, her husband Lewis Ramsey and her brother George. They settled near Anselmo, Nebraska.

 

Many from the St. Marys area soon followed, including Jacob and Elmira and Frank, Mabel, Elva, Clarence and John and his small son, Francis, in 1902. They purchased a large tract of land in the Dry Valley district, in Loup County. In 1905, a large two story house and a huge barn were erected. They sold their Kansas property to Estella and her husband, Steve Smith. After Elmira’s death, October 27, 1910, the family scattered. Myrtie and Lew Ramsey, Alta and Fred Smith, Mabel and George McCleery, and Clarence and Nellie Hoobler went to Texas. William and Anna Hoobler went back to Kansas. John and Pearl, George and Dora, Frank and Lona Hoobler, and Elva and Elmer Dunbar stayed in Nebraska.

 

Jacob purchased property in Texas and went to live there in 1918, returning to Nebraska often to care for his ranch there. He passed away at his home in Texas, February 11, 1937 and was laid to rest beside his wife in the Moulton Cemetery, Loup County, Nebraska.

 

All of his children have long since passed on and many of the grandchildren, but those who are left continue to carry on a wonderful tradition started by Jacob and his children - family reunions. The last ones the elders attended were in 1929 in Nebraska, 1930 in Texas, and 1931 in Kansas.

 

Plans had been made to go to Oklahoma in 1932, but the depression put a stop to it. In 1970, cousins revived that tradition and they have met every two years since, rotating among the three states, Texas, Kansas and Nebraska, where Jacob’s children reared their families. (additional information from Lewis Frank Hoobler)

 

Jacob Hoobler III, born in Van Buren Township, Fountain County, Indiana, moved with his family south of Streator in Livingston County, Illinois, shortly after 1850. There on beautiful farmland along the Vermilion River, he grew to manhood. There was a huge colony of Hooblers and related families near the prosperous little town of Manville, as witnessed by the tombstones in area cemeteries. In 1867; he married Margaret Elmira Smith. In 1877, they joined the westward movement, buying $5 an acre railroad land along the Kansas River in Kaw Township, Wabaunsee Co. They lived in St. Marys while they built their home. An April 1878 St. Marys Twp. record shows he bought 15 bridge tickets, allowing him to cross the iron bridge for 15 cents, with two horses and one wagon. On the 1885 Kansas census, his parents, Jacob II and Mary Dice Hoobler were living with the family, Jacob had 300 acres valued at $9000, and he raised corn, wheat, cattle, and swine. By 1895, the value of the farm had grown to $12,000; all was under fence, 200 acres were corn, 20 acres timothy, and 2 acres were Irish potatoes. He had 27 horses, 5 mules, 30 swine, 1 dog, 26 cattle and 100 bearing apple trees. One of his Sons remembered "Jake" as a white shirt—bow tie farmer, strictly a boss and never a laborer. "I never saw my father dirty," he said. Elmira was a frail woman, but she drove her own team and buggy to town, while he loved to race his spirited team. When the Kansas River flooded the Hooblers joined in the Nebraska movement. In the Sand Hills of Loup County, he built a huge barn and ranch house. After her death, he moved to Texas about 1918. Jake must have made a break with the Illinois relatives; (he is not mentioned with the Kansas brother William and sister Mary Anderson in his parent’s obituaries). Still, he loved his family, and began the reunions in 1929, which were revived by Texas cousins in 1970. We hope it's a tradition that will continue for many more generations.

 

Margaret Elmira Smith was born in Streator, Ill., on Nov. 20, 1848, and died at her home in Dry Valley on Oct. 27, 1910, at the age of 61 years, 11 months, 7 days. She was married to Jacob Hoobler at Streator, Ill. on Sept. 3, 1867, and they made their home at this place for several years, coming to Loup County about 8 years ago. Her husband, 11 children, 29 grandchildren, and one great-grandchild survive her. Thirteen children were born to Mr. and Mrs. Hoobler, two having died in infancy. All the children - 6 sons and 5 daughters - were present at the obsequies, also a sister, Mrs. Amy Hoobler of Streator, Ill.

 

Mrs. Hoobler had not been in very good health since last spring, when she was quite seriously injured by a fall. Her last sickness, liver and stomach trouble was of one week's duration, which caused her much suffering. She called the family to her bedside at one o’clock on Thursday morning, bade each one goodbye, and peacefully breathed her life away, death occurring at 5:35 in the evening. The deceased endeared herself to all by her goodness, her cheerful disposition, and her kindness to everyone. She was devoted wife, a loving mother, and a sincere friend. Many tears fell as the silent form was lowered into its resting-place to await the coming of the Lord.

 

Mrs. Hoobler had often remarked that when she passed away, that her daughters should prepare her body for the casket, and that her sons should act as pallbearers, which request was complied with. O.O. Wood of Taylor, who preached a very eloquent and comforting sermon, conducted funeral services at the home on Sunday, Oct. 30. The choir under Mrs. Jameson's direction rendered several favorite selections. Interment was at Moulton Cemetery. About 200 friends and neighbors were present to pay their last respects to their departed friend. Mr. Hoobler, sons and daughters, have the sympathy of the entire community.

 

Jacob Hoobler was born Nov. 21,1847 in the state of Indiana, and passed away Feb. 11,1937 at his home near Canadian, Texas at the age of 89 years, 2 months, and 21 days. When three years of age, he moved with his parents to Streator, Ill., where Jacob grew to manhood. Sept.3, 1867, Jacob Hoobler and Margaret Elmira Smith were united in marriage. Ten years later, they moved to the vicinity of St. Marys, Kansas, where the family lived until 1902. Mr. Hoobler was a farmer and stockman in a big way. His greater interests in the latter were the motive for seeking a location in Loup County, in the grazing area, where he bought a large tract. In 1902, the Hooblers came to make their home here. He built a large ranch house and conducted farming and stock operations on a wide scale for many years.

 

Mrs. Hoobler died in 1910. After this great loss, Mr. Hoobler’s interest wandered. He made investments in Texas, and finally in 1918, went to Canadian to make his home in a warmer climate. He was, however, attached to Loup County; several of his children lived here, and he was still interested in a financial way. He made many trips back to Nebraska. Aug. 6, 1929, the Hoobler family had a reunion at the Hoobler ranch, now owned by a son, John. They were host and hostess to approximately 80 relatives and a host of friends. This was one of the most enjoyable events in the aged fathers advancing years. Three following reunions were held at Canadian, Tex., Madison, Ks., and Rosedale, OK. Mr. Hoobler was blessed with excellent health and amazing vitality almost to the last. A businessman said of him, "Jacob Hoobler possessed a keen mind for business transactions even to the year 1936." Mr. Hoobler leaves to mourn his passing four daughters and six sons: Estella Smith, Rosedale, Oklahoma; Myrtle Ramsey and Mabel McCleery, Canadian, Texas; Elva Dunbar, Loup Co.; William, Madison, Kansas; Frank, Halsey, Nebraska; Dr. George, Sargent, Nebraska; and Clarence, Canadian, Texas. 49 grandchildren, 50 great-grandchildren, two children died in infancy, and daughter Alta Smith in 1920. Funeral services were held in the Taylor Evangelical Church Sunday, Feb. 14. Internment was in Moulton Cemetery. Pallbearers were Leo, Ray and Vern Hoobler, and Earl, Mark, and Arnold Dunbar.

American postcard by American Postcard Company, no. 3900, 1998. Photo: New Line Cinema. Publicity still for Polyester (John Waters, 1981). Caption: Divine as "Francine Fishpaw," and STIV BATORS as "Bo-Bo Belsinger" in John Waters' Polyester, 1981. The film introduced "ODORAMA" which allowed the audience to share in 10-of the more penetrating odors that plagued poor "Francine".

 

Harris Glenn Milstead, better known by his stage name Divine (1945-1988), was an American actor, singer, and drag queen. He was closely associated with the independent filmmaker John Waters. Divine became the international icon of bad taste cinema.

 

Harris Glenn Milstead was born in 1945 in Baltimore, Maryland to a conservative middle-class family. His parents were Harris Bernard Milstead and Frances Milstead (née Vukovich). Their only child, his parents lavished almost anything that he wanted upon him, including food. He became overweight, a condition he lived with for the rest of his life. Divine preferred to use his middle name, Glenn, to distinguish himself from his father, and was referred to as such by his parents and friends. When he was 17, his parents sent him to a psychiatrist, where he first realised his sexual attraction to men as well as women, something then taboo in conventional American society. In 1963, he began attending the Marinella Beauty School, where he learned hair styling and, after completing his studies, gained employment at a couple of local salons, specialising in the creation of beehives and other upswept hairstyles.

Milstead developed an early interest in drag while working as a women's hairdresser. He eventually gave up his job and for a while was financially supported by his parents, who catered to his expensive taste in clothes and cars. They reluctantly paid the many bills that he ran up financing lavish parties where he would dress up in drag as his favourite celebrity, actress Elizabeth Taylor. By the mid-1960s he had embraced the city's countercultural scene. His friend from high school, John Waters gave him the name 'Divine' and the tagline of 'the most beautiful woman in the world, almost'. Waters later remarked that he had borrowed the name Divine from a character in Jean Genet's novel Our Lady of the Flowers (1943). Along with his friend David Lochary, Divine joined Waters' acting troupe, the Dreamlanders (which also included Mary Vivian Pearce and Mink Stole), and adopted female roles for their experimental short films. The first was Roman Candles (John Waters, 1966), which was shown 'triple projected' on three 8mm projectors running simultaneously but was never released commercially. Divine starred in drag as a smoking nun. Other short films were Eat Your Makeup (John Waters, 1968), and The Diane Linkletter Story (John Waters, 1969), filmed on Sunday afternoons. Again in drag, he took a lead role in Waters' first full-length film, Mondo Trasho (John Waters, 1969) Divine as an unnamed blonde woman who drives around town and runs over a hitchhiker. In their review of the film, the Los Angeles Free Press exclaimed that "The 300-pound (140 kg) sex-symbol Divine is undoubtedly some sort of discovery." In 1970, he travelled to San Francisco, California, a city which had a large gay subculture that attracted Divine, who was then embracing his homosexuality. Divine played the role of Lady Divine, the operator of an exhibit known as The Cavalcade of Perversion who turns to murdering visitors in Waters's film Multiple Maniacs. The film contained several controversial scenes, notably one which involved Lady Divine masturbating using a rosary while sitting inside a church. In another, Lady Divine kills her boyfriend and proceeds to eat his heart; in actuality, Divine bit into a cow's heart which had gone rotten from being left out on the set all day. At the end of the film, Lady Divine is raped by a giant lobster named Lobstora, an act that drives her into madness; she subsequently goes on a killing spree in Fell's Point before being shot down by the National Guard. Due to its controversial nature, Waters feared that the film would be banned and confiscated by the Maryland Censor Board, so avoided their jurisdiction by only screening it at non-commercial venues, namely rented church premises. Multiple Maniacs was the first of Waters's films to receive widespread attention, as did Divine; KSFX remarked that "Divine is incredible! Could start a whole new trend in films." Following his San Francisco sojourn, Divine returned to Baltimore and participated in Pink Flamingos (John Waters, 1972). Designed by Waters to be an exercise in poor taste, the film featured Divine as Babs Johnson, living in a pink trailer with her egg-eating grandmother, chicken-loving son and voyeuristic daughter. Babs claims to be 'the filthiest person alive' and she is forced to prove her right to the title from challengers, Connie (Mink Stole) and Raymond Marble (David Lochary). In one scene, the Marbles send Babs a turd in a box as a birthday present, and in order to enact this scene, Divine defecated into the box the night before. The final scene in the film proved particularly infamous, involving Babs eating fresh dog feces; Divine later told a reporter, "I followed that dog around for three hours just zooming in on its asshole," waiting for it to empty its bowels so that they could film the scene. The scene became one of the most notable moments of Divine's acting career, and he later complained of people thinking that "I run around doing it all the time". The film proved a hit on the U.S. midnight movie circuit, became a cult classic, and established Divine's fame within the American counterculture.

 

Divine returned to San Francisco, where he and Mink Stole starred in a number of small-budget plays at the Palace Theater as part of drag troupe The Cockettes, including Divine and Her Stimulating Studs, Divine Saves the World, Vice Palace, Journey to the Center of Uranus and The Heartbreak of Psoriasis. In 1974, Divine returned to Baltimore to film Waters's next motion picture, Female Trouble, in which he played the lead role. Divine was unable to appear in Waters's next feature, Desperate Living (John Waters, 1977), despite the fact that the role of Mole McHenry had been written for him. This was because he had returned to working in the theatre as the scheming prison matron Pauline in Tom Eyen's play Women Behind Bars and its sequel, The Neon Woman. While in London in 1978, Divine attended as the guest of honour at the fourth Alternative Miss World pageant, a 'mock' event founded by Andrew Logan in 1972 in which 'drag queens' – including men, women and children – competed for the prize. The event was filmed by director Richard Gayer, whose subsequent film, entitled Alternative Miss World, premiered at the Odeon in London's Leicester Square as well as featuring at the Cannes Film Festival, both events which were attended by Divine. Continuing his cinematic work, he starred in Polyester (John Waters, 1981) as Francine Fishpaw. Unlike earlier roles, Fishpaw was not a strong female but a meek and victimized woman who falls in love with her dream lover, Todd Tomorrow, played by Tab Hunter. The film was released in 'Odorama', accompanied by 'scratch 'n' sniff' cards for the audience to smell at key points in the film. In 1981, Divine embarked on a career in the disco industry by producing a number of Hi-NRG tracks, most of which were written by Bobby Orlando. He achieved international chart success with hits like 'You Think You're a Man', 'I'm So Beautiful', and 'Walk Like a Man', all of which were performed in drag. The next Divine film, Lust in the Dust (Paul Bartel, 1985), reunited him with Tab Hunter and was Divine's first film not directed by John Waters. Set in the Wild West during the nineteenth century, the film was a sex comedy that starred Divine as Rosie Velez, a promiscuous woman who works as a singer in saloons and competes for the love of Abel Wood (Tab Hunter) against another woman (Lainie Kazan). A parody of the Western Duel in the Sun (King Vidor, 1946), the film was a moderate critical success. Divine followed this production with a very different role, that of gay male gangster Hilly Blue in Trouble in Mind (Alan Rudolph, 1985), starring Kris Kristofferson and Keith Carradine. The script was written with Divine in mind. Although not a major character in the film, Divine had been eager to play the part because he wished to perform in more male roles and leave behind the stereotype of simply being a female impersonator. Reviews of the film were mixed, as were the evaluations of Divine's performance. The he reunited with John Waters for Hairspray (John Waters, 1988), which represented his breakthrough into mainstream cinema. Set in Baltimore during the 1960s, Hairspray revolved around self-proclaimed "pleasantly plump" teenager Tracy Turnblad (Ricki Lake) as she pursues stardom as a dancer on a local television show and rallies against racial segregation. As he had in Female Trouble, Divine took on two roles in the film, one of which was female and the other male. The first of these, Edna Turnblad, was Tracy's loving mother; the other was the racist head of the station that airs the Corny Collins show. Hairspray was only a moderate success upon its initial theatrical release, earning a modest gross of $8 million. However, it managed to attract a larger audience on home video in the early 1990s and became a cult classic. Divine's final film role was in the low-budget comedy horror Out of the Dark (Michael Schroeder, 1989), produced with the same crew as Lust in the Dust. Appearing in only one scene within the film, he played the character of Detective Langella, a foulmouthed policeman investigating the murders of a killer clown. Out of the Dark would be released the year after Divine's death. On 7 March 1988, three weeks after Hairspray was released nationwide, Divine was staying at the Regency Plaza Suites Hotel in Los Angeles. He was scheduled to film a guest appearance the following day as Uncle Otto on the Fox network's television series Married... with Children in the second season wrap-up episode. Shortly before midnight, he died in his sleep, at age 42, of an enlarged heart (according to Wikipdia or respiratory failure caused by sleep apnea (according to IMDb). It was probably a combination. Described by People magazine as the 'Drag Queen of the Century', Divine has remained a cult figure, particularly within the LGBT community, and has provided the inspiration for fictional characters, artworks, and songs. Various books and documentary films devoted to his life have also been produced, including Divine Trash (1998) and I Am Divine (2013), written by Divine's manager and friend Bernard Jay. Frances Milstead subsequently cowrote her own book about Divine, entitled My Son Divine (2001), with Kevin Heffernan and Steve Yeager. His mother's continued relationship with the gay community was later documented in a film Frances: A Mother Divine (Tim Dunn, Michael O'Quinn, 2010)

 

Sources: Wikipedia and IMDb.

Hi all. First a personal note which is something I do not normally post or do. My name is Steve, and I photograph and have been posting on Flickr under FarrahF and 1Sixth, I believe since 2012. Initially I was not going to post any of Noel's repaints in masks or really make any images about COVID-19 or 2020 on this account. But since I have contracted COVID and have been in quarantine since November 28th I thought I should post something relative and about Covid in general. This is not political but about everyone's health. I worked for the last nine months masked and being extremely careful. Unfortunately for me, I had an infected person directly behind me who expelled their cigarette smoke and saliva directly on my face, skin and in my eyes. I knew when I was exposed and I knew I was probably going to contract COVID. I registered on line and was tested and five days after I thought I'd been exposed it was confirmed on December 3rd and I have symptoms ranging from fever to extreme chest/stomach pain, fevers and breathing issues that landed me in the Emergency Room two days ago. The point in posting this little summary and these images is that you are better off Masking UP! and also incorporating some kind of eyewear protection. I was able to stave off being exposed for nine months as I was diligent about social distancing and staying masked up wherever I went. So I am just sharing this information with all of you who may read this or follow this account to stay safe, be diligent, be aware of who is around you and how close they are to you. It only takes one time. One chance encounter and you can become infected. I have no health issues or history of asthma, heart trouble or any allergies. So, I truly thought I would never contract Covid. But I have and I would not wish this on anyone. So, please, even if you think it is pointless or never going to hit you or someone you care about, MASK UP! Make an effort to protect yourself or others from you. You may be infected and not even know it.

 

To everyone who follows this account, thank you for following, for liking and for complimenting the photos I've taken. I have greatly enjoyed being a part of the Flickr community for years and hope to continue being a part of this amazingly creative outlet of collectors and photographers.

 

I wish you all a safe and healthy holiday.

 

SM

 

Jennifer Lopez as repainted and restyled by Noel Cruz www.ncruz.com wearing a fashion by SHANTOMMO. Shop the fashions athttps://shantommo.com.

 

Wearing a pink face mask by MyDollAsylum on Instagram at www.instagram.com/mydollasylum/ on eBay www.ebay.com/usr/area.59.

 

Hands are by Pure Icon Paris on eBay at www.ebay.com/usr/pure-icon-paris.

 

Noel's repainted Celebrities are featured in the 1Sixth (1sixth.co) Winter Hardbound Edition available in Hardback/imagewrap or paperback cover.

 

Also as a PDF or eBook.

Order here:

www.blurb.com/b/9282662-1sixth

eBook: books.apple.com/us/author/stephen-mckinnis/id1327659683

 

Photos by Steve McKinnis of stevemckinnis.com

Belgian collectors card by De Beukelaer, Anvers/Antwerpen (Antwerp), no. A 29. Photo: Paramount.

 

Donna Reed (1921-1986) was an American film, television actress, and producer. Her career spanned more than 40 years, with performances in more than 40 films. She is well known for her role as Mary Hatch Bailey in It's a Wonderful Life (Frank Capra, 1946). She received the Oscar for Best Supporting Actress for her role as Lorene Burke in the war drama From Here to Eternity (Fred Zinnemann, 1953). Reed is also known as Donna Stone, a middle-class American mother, and housewife in the sitcom The Donna Reed Show (1958–1966).

 

Donna Reed was born Donna Belle Mullenger on a farm near Denison, Iowa, in 1921. She was the daughter of Hazel Jane and William Richard Mullenger. The eldest of five children, she was raised as a Methodist. In 1936, while she was a sophomore at Denison (Iowa) High School, her chemistry teacher Edward Tompkins gave her the book How to Win Friends and Influence People. Upon reading it she won the lead in the school play, was voted Campus Queen, and was in the top 10 of the 1938 graduating class. After graduating from Denison High School, she decided to move to California to attend Los Angeles City College on the advice of her aunt. While attending college, she performed in various stage productions, although she had no plans to become an actress. After receiving several offers to screen test for studios, Reed eventually signed with MGM. Reed made her film debut in The Get-Away (Edward Buzzell, 1941). She had a support role in Shadow of the Thin Man (W. S. Van Dyke, 1941) and in Wallace Beery's The Bugle Sounds (S. Sylvan Simon, 1942). Like many starlets at MGM, she played opposite Mickey Rooney in an Andy Hardy film, in her case the hugely popular The Courtship of Andy Hardy (George B. Seitz, 1942). Reed starred in the drama Calling Dr. Gillespie (Harold S. Bucquet, 1942), featuring Lionel Barrymore, and Apache Trail (Richard Thorpe, 1942). Then she did a thriller with Edward Arnold, Eyes in the Night (Fred Zinnemann, 1942). Reed had a support role in The Human Comedy (Clarence Brown, 1943) with Mickey Rooney, a big film for MGM. She was one of many MGM stars to make cameos in Thousands Cheer (George Sidney, 1943). Produced at the height of the Second World War, the film was intended as a morale booster for American troops and their families. Her "girl-next-door" good looks and warm onstage personality made her a popular pin-up for many GIs during World War II. She personally answered letters from many GIs serving overseas. She was in the Oscar Wilde adaptation The Picture of Dorian Gray (Albert Lewin, 1945) and played a nurse in John Ford's They Were Expendable (1945), opposite John Wayne. MGM was very enthusiastic about Reed's prospects at this time. Reed was top-billed in a romantic comedy Faithful in My Fashion (Sidney Salkow, 1946) with Tom Drake which lost money. MGM lent her to RKO Pictures for the role of Mary Bailey in Frank Capra's It's a Wonderful Life. The film has since been named as one of the 100 best American films ever made by the American Film Institute and is regularly aired on television during the Christmas season. Back at MGM, she appeared in Green Dolphin Street (Victor Saville, 1947) with Lana Turner and Van Heflin. It was a big hit. Reed was borrowed by Paramount to make two films with Alan Ladd, Beyond Glory (John Farrowm 1948), where she replaced Joan Caulfield at the last moment, and the Film Noir Chicago Deadline (Lewis Allen, 1949). In 1949 she expressed a desire for better roles.

 

In 1950, Donna Reed signed a contract with Columbia Studios.[ She appeared in two Film Noirs which teamed her with John Derek, Saturday's Hero (David Miller, 1951) and Scandal Sheet (Phil Karlson, 1952). Reed was the love interest of Randolph Scott in the Western Hangman's Knot (Roy Huggins, 1952), then was borrowed by Warner Bros for the comedy Trouble Along the Way (Michael Curtiz, 1953) with John Wayne. She was loaned out to play John Payne's love interest in Raiders of the Seven Seas (Edward Small, 1953). Reed played the role of Alma "Lorene" Burke, the girlfriend of Montgomery Clift's character, in the World War II drama From Here to Eternity (Fred Zinnemann, 1953). The role earned Reed an Oscar for Best Supporting Actress for 1953. The qualities of her parts did not seem to improve: she was the love interest in The Caddy (Norman Taurog, 1953) with Dean Martin and Jerry Lewis at Paramount; the Western Gun Fury (Raoul Walsh, 1953) with Rock Hudson; and the Western Three Hours to Kill (Alfred L. Werker, 1954) with Dana Andrews. Reed returned to MGM to act in the romantic drama The Last Time I Saw Paris (Richard Brooks, 1954) with Elizabeth Taylor. Reed began guest-starring on television shows such as The Ford Television Theatre, Tales of Hans Anderson, General Electric Theater, and Suspicion. She continued to appear in features, usually as the love interest, in The Benny Goodman Story (1956) with Steve Allen, playing Goodman's wife; Ransom! (1956) as Glenn Ford's wife; the Western Backlash (1956), with Richard Widmark. In Kenya, she filmed Beyond Mombasa (1957), with Cornel Wilde. She was injured while making the film. In England, she shot The Whole Truth (1958), with Stewart Granger. From 1958 to 1966, Reed starred in The Donna Reed Show, a television series produced by her then-husband, Tony Owen. The show featured her as Donna Stone, the wife of pediatrician Alex Stone (Carl Betz) and mother of Jeff (Paul Petersen) and Mary Stone (Shelley Fabares). Reed was attracted to the idea of being in a comedy, something with which she did not have much experience. She also liked playing a wife. The show ran for eight seasons. Reed won a Golden Globe Award and earned four Emmy Award nominations for her work on the series. Later in her career, Reed replaced Barbara Bel Geddes as Miss Ellie Ewing Farlow in the 1984–1985 season of the television melodrama Dallas. When she was abruptly fired upon Bel Geddes' decision to return to the show, she sued the production company for breach of contract. From 1943 to 1945, Donna Reed was married to make-up artist William Tuttle. After they divorced, in 1945 she married producer Tony Owen. They raised four children together: Penny Jane, Anthony, Timothy, and Mary Anne (the two older children were adopted). After 26 years of marriage, Reed and Owen divorced in 1971. Three years later, Reed married Grover W. Asmus, a retired United States Army colonel. They remained married until her death in 1986. Donna Reed died of pancreatic cancer in Beverly Hills, California, in 1986, 13 days shy of her 65th birthday. Her remains are interred in the Westwood Village Memorial Park Cemetery in Los Angeles.

 

Sources: Wikipedia and IMDb.

 

And, please check out our blog European Film Star Postcards.

French postcard by EDUG, nr. 145. Photo: Sam Lévin.

 

Italian actress Sylva Koscina (1933-1994) may be best-remembered as Iole, the bride of Steve Reeves in the original version of Hercules (1958). She also starred in several Italian and Hollywood comedies of the 1950s and 1960s.

 

Sylva Koscina was born as Sylva Koskinon in Zagreb, Kingdom of Yugoslavia (now Croatia), in 1933. She moved to Italy as a teenager, during the Second World War. She was a physics student at Naples University. She was chosen as Miss Di Tappa at the Giro d’Italia (Tour of Italy bicycle race) in 1954. A picture of her exchanging a kiss with the winner was published in newspapers all over Europe and lead to her being offered a job as a model. She worked as a fashion model and was soon discovered for the cinema. She made a fleeting appearance in the part of an aspiring actress in the Toto comedy Siamo uomini o caporali?/Are We Men or Corporals? (1955, Camillo Mastrocinque) before she had her breakthrough as the daughter of the train engineer in Il ferroviere/The Railroad Man (1956, Pietro Germi). Pretty, and even too elegant for the part, Sylva Koscina immediately confirmed her talent in Guendalina (1957, Alberto Lattuada) as a young mother of Jacqueline Sassard. She played leading roles in popular comedies like Nonna Sabella/Grandmother Sabella (1957, Dino Risi), Ladro lui, ladra lei/He a Thief She a Thief (1958, Luigi Zampa), and Poveri millionari/Poor Millionaires (1958, Dino Risi), Koscina alternated cleverly between roles as a vamp and as an ingenue. She represented women in the search for social upward mobility, the image of an Italy that had left its worst problems behind.

 

Sylva Koscina was an actress noted for her carriage. She had an entirely feminine way of walking on the screen and she even lectured Giorgia Moll how to walk like a lady in the sophisticated comedy Mogli pericolose/Dangerous wives (1958, Luigi Comencini). In many of her roles she gives the impression of modeling at a fashion show, head high, mouth very slightly open, eyes lost in the distance. She is the elegant actress of the sixties with an aristocratic manner bordering on snobbery. However she also seemed at ease in a peplum (sword and sandal epic): she was a marvelous fiancee for Hercules (Steve Reeves) in Le fatiche di Ercole/Hercules (1958, Pietro Francisci), a prototype of this film genre. In Il vigile/The Policeman (1960, Luigi Zampa), she played herself opposite Alberto Sordi as a traffic officer. Charmed by her he lets Sylva go without a ticket, but when the film star thanks him on TV he gets into a lot of trouble. Koscina married Raimondo Castelli, a small producer connected with Minerva Films. She managed to keep well afloat with roles that were anything but negligible such as a dramatic part in Il sicario/Blood Feud (1961, Damiano Damiani) with Belinda Lee. In La lepre e la tartaruga/The Hare and the Tortoise, an episode in Le quattro verità/The Three Fables of Love (1963, Alessandro Blasetti, Hervé Bromberger, René Clair, Luis García Berlanga), director Blasetti constructs a deliciously sophisticated duel between her and Monica Vitti. In 1965 Sylva took part in Giulietta degli spiriti/Juliet of the Spirits (1965, Federico Fellini) as one of Giulietta Masina's sisters. But she also became a television personality who is often the special guest on variety shows.

 

After passing thirty, Sylva Koscina tried playing the American card. She starred in the comedy caper Three Bites of the Apple (1967, Alvin Ganzer) with David McCallum and Deadlier Than the Male (1966, Ralph Thomas), in which she and Elke Sommer portrayed sophisticated professional killers dueling with Bulldog Drummond (Richard Johnson). She partnered with Paul Newman in The Secret War of Harry Frigg (1968, Jack Smight) and with Kirk Douglas in A Lovely Way to Die (1968, David Lowell Rich) . She appeared as a German doctor, Bianca, in Hornet's Nest (1970, Phil Karlson, Franco Cirino) with Rock Hudson, but without luck. Her fame became a bit tarnished, but it was given a boost with her appearance in the Italian edition of Playboy magazine in 1967. The photography by Angelo Frontoni was exquisite, but the fact of a film star photographed bare-breasted in a magazine provoked a scandal. Thus the image of Sylva, based on an elegant and slightly snobbish femininity was enriched with an erotic touch. In that same period L'assolute naturale/He and She (1969, Mauro Bolognini) was released complete with a full nude shot. This was a sign of the radical change Italian cinema and society were undergoing. Some of her lovemaking scenes to Gabriele Tinti in the fantasy film Lisa and the Devil (1974, Mario Bava, Alfredo Leone) had to be cut because they were considered pornographic.

 

Since the early 1960´s, Sylva Koscina invested most of her star salaries in a luxurious villa, in the well-to-do district of Marino, Rome, complete with 16th centuries furniture and artists paintings. This lasted until her spending overcame her dwindling income, and in 1976, when she had to face a tax evasion inquest, she was forced to sell her house. She lived with Raimondo Castelli since 1960, but they could not marry because his wife refused to divorce. In 1967 they married in Mexico, but this marriage was not officially recognized in Italy, and they seperated in 1971. Sylva depended more and more on erotic appearances. In June 75 she was on the cover and featured again in the Italian Playboy. She appeared in sex comedies like Some Like It Cool (1977, Franz Antel) with Tony Curtis, and in a segment of Sunday Lovers (1980, Dino Risi) with Ugo Tognazzi. In the 1980's Sylva had a long running live theatre performance in Rome. By then a mature but still beautiful Koscina, performed every night in the nude. She only incidentally appeared in films, including Cenerentola '80/Cinderella ´80 (1984, Roberto Malenotti) with Adolfo Celi, and Rimini Rimini (1987, Sergio Corbucci) with Laura Antonelli. Koscina returned before the cameras in the year just prior to her death: her last appearance was in the tantalizingly titled C'è Kim Novak al telefono/Kim Novak is on the Phone (1994, Riki Roseo). Sylva Koscina died in Rome in 1994, aged 61, after a long battle with breast cancer.

 

Sources: Hal Erickson (All Movie Guide), Simon Benattar-Bourgeay (CinéArtistes) (French), Glamour Girls of the Silver Screen, Wikipedia and IMDb.

ONE OF THE WAY TO TRAIN THE "THE AWARENESS MUSCLE

 

is the critical run

and other emergency art format

 

CRITICAL RUN / Debate Format

 

Critical Run is an Art Format created by Thierry Geoffroy/Colonel

debate while running .

Debate and Run together,Now,before it is too late.

 

www.emergencyroomscanvas todo .org/criticalrun.html

 

The Art Format Critical Run has been activated in 30 differents countries with 120 different burning debates

New York,Cairo,London,Istanbul,Athens,Hanoi,Paris,Munich,Amsterdam Siberia,Copenhagen,Johanesburg,Moskow,Napoli,Sydney,

Wroclaw,Bruxelles,Rotterdam,Barcelona,Venice,Virginia,Stockholm,Århus,Kassel,Lyon,Trondheim, Berlin ,Toronto,Hannover ...

 

CRITICAL RUN happened on invitation from institution like Moma/PS1, Moderna Muset Stockholm ,Witte de With Rotterdam,ZKM Karlsruhe,Liverpool Biennale;Sprengel Museum etc..or have just happened on the spot because

a debate was necessary here and now.

 

In 2020 the Energy Room was an installation of 40 Critical Run at Museum Villa Stuck /Munich

part of Colonel solo show : The Awareness Muscle Training Center

 

----

 

Interesting publication for researches on running and art

 

www.emergencyrooms.org/formats.html

 

14 Performances. Relation Work (1976 - 1980). Filmed by Paolo Cardazzo. Marina Abramović/ Ulay. Neuer Berliner Kunstverein, Berlin, Germany.

 

Abramović, Marina. Student Body: Workshops 1979 - 2003: Performances 1993 - 2003. Milano: ed. Charta, 2003.

 

Bergson, Henri. Creative Evolution. London: Macmillan and Co., 1911.

Bergson, Henri. Key Writings. Edited by Keith Ansell-Pearson and John Mullarkey. New York:

 

Continuum, 2002.

Bergson, Henri. Matter and Memory. New York: Zone Books, 1988.

 

Blaikie, William. “Common Sense Physical Training.” In Athletics and Health: Modern Achievement: Advice and Instruction upon the Conduct of Life, Principles of Business, Care of Health, Duties of Citizenship, etc. Edited by Edward Everett Hale. New York: P.F. Collier & Son, 1902.

 

Blaikie, William. How to Get Strong and How to Stay So. New York: Harper & Brothers Publishers, 1883.

 

Cunningham, Merce. Changes: Notes on Choreography. New York: Something Else Press, 1969.

 

de Balzac, Honoré. The Human Comedy. EBook: Project Gutenberg, 2010. de Balzac, Honoré. Théorie de la démarche. 1833, 1853.

 

de Biran, Maine. “Opposition du principe de Descartes avec celui d’une science de l’homme. Première base d’une division des faits psychologiques et physiologiques. Perception et sensation animale.” In Maine de Biran. Librairie Philosophique J. VRIN, 1990.

 

de Tocqueville, Alexis. The Old Regime and the Revolution. New York: Harper & Brothers, Publishers, 1856.

 

Delaumosne, M. L’Abbe. “The Delsarte System.” Translated by Frances A. Shaw. In Delsarte System of Oratory, 4th Ed. New York: Edgar S. Werner, 1893.

 

Descartes, René. Méditations metaphysiques. 1641.

 

Gropius, Walter, and Arthur S. Wensinger, eds. The Theater of the Bauhaus: Oskar Schlemmer, Laszlo Moholy-Nagy, Farkas Molnár. Translated by Arthur S. Wensinger. Middleton, Conn.: Wesleyan University, 1961.

 

Hahn, Archibald. How to Sprint: The Theory of Spring Racing. New York: American Sports Publishing Company, 1923.

 

Hegel, Georg Wilhelm Friedrich. Phenomenology of Spirit. Translated by A.V. Miller. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1977.

 

Helmholtz, Hermann. “On the Facts Underlying Geometry.” In Epistemological Writings: Hermann von Helmholtz. Edited by R.S. Cohen and Y. Elkana. Boston: D. Reidel Publishing Company, 1977.

 

Helmholtz, Hermann. Théorie physiologique de la musique fondée sur l’étude des sensations auditives. Paris: Masson, 1868.

 

Helmholtz, Hermann. Treatise of Physiological Optics (Handbuch der physiologischen Optik) 1856. 3 Volumes. Translated by James P.C. Southall. Milwaukee, 1924.

 

Holmes, Oliver Wendall. Soundings from the Atlantic. Boston: Tickknor and Fields, 1864. James, William. The Principles of Psychology. New York: Henry Holt & Co, 1890, 1918.

 

James, William. Writings 1902 - 1910. Edited by Bruce Kuklick. New York: Literary Classics of the United States, 1987.

 

Kandinsky, Vasily. Über Das Geistige in der Kunst. Dritte Auflage. München: R. Piper&Co, 1912.

 

Kant, Immanuel. “Was ist Aufklärung?” 1784.

 

Laban, Rudolf. A Life for Dance: Reminiscences. Translated by Lisa Ullmann. London: Macdonald & Evans, 1975.

 

Laban, Rudolf. Choreographie. Jena: E. Diederichs, 1926.

 

Laban, Rudolf. Choreutics. Edited by Lisa Ullmann. London: Macdonald & Evans, 1939, 1966.

 

Laban, Rudolf. Effort: Economy in Body Movement. 2nd Edition. Boston: Plays, 1947, 1974.

 

Laban, Rudolf. Principles of Dance and Movement Notation. New York: A Dance Horizons Republication, 1956, 1970.

 

Laban, Rudolf. The Language of Movement: A Guidebook to Choreutics. Edited by Lisa Ullmann. Boston: Plays, Inc., 1974.

  

MacKaye, Percy. “Steele Mackaye, Dynamic Artist of the American Theatre; An Outline of his Life Work,” in The Drama. Edited by William Norman Guthrie and Charles Hubbard Sergel. Chicago: The Dramatic Publishing Company, 1911.

 

Marey, Étienne-Jules. La Machine Animale: Locomotion Terrestre et Aérienne. Paris: Librairie Germer Baillière, 1873.

 

Marey, Étienne-Jules. Le Vol des Oiseaux. Paris: Libraire de l’académie de médecine, 1890. Marey, Étienne-Jules. Movement. Translated by Eric Pritchard. New York: D. Appleton and

 

Company, 1895.

 

Michelet, Jules. The History of France. Volume I. Translated by Walter K. Kelly. London: Chapman and Hall, 1844.

 

Morgan, Anna. An Hour with Delsarte: A Study of Expression. New York: Edgar S. Werner Publisher, 1891.

 

Muybridge, Eadweard. Animal Locomotion: An Electro-photographic Investigation of Consecutive Phases of Animal Movements. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania and J. B. Lippincott Company, 1887.

 

Muybridge, Eadweard. Descriptive Zoopraxography, or the Science of Animal Locomotion. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania, 1893.

 

Muybridge, Eadweard. The Attitudes of Animals in Motion: A Series of Photographs Illustrating the Consecutive Positions assumed by Animals in Performing Various Movements; Executed at Palo Alto, California, in 1878 and 1879 (1881). Albumen, Library of Congress, Washington, D.C., Library of Congress.

 

Muybridge, Eadweard. The Human Figure in Motion. New York: Dover Publications, 1955. Ramsaye, Terry. A Million and One Nights: A History of the Motion Picture. U.K.: Simon and

 

Schuster, Inc., 1926, 1954.

Richer, Paul. Physiologie Artistique: De l’Homme en Mouvement. Paris: Aulanier et Cie, 1896.

 

Sanburn, Frederic. Delsartean Scrap-book: Health, Personality, Beauty, House-Decoration, Dress, etc. New York: United States Book Company, c. 1890.

 

Schlemmer, Oskar. Briefe und Tagebücher: The Letters and Diaries of Oskar Schlemmer. Edited by Tut Schlemmer. Translated by Krishna Winston. Middletown, Conn: Wesleyan University Press, 1972.

  

Schlemmer, Oskar, and Heimo Kuchling. Der Mensch, Unterricht am Bauhaus. Nachgelassene Aufzeichnungen. Mainz: F. Kupferberg, 1969.

 

Schuftan, Werner. Handbuch des Tanzes. Preface by Rudolf von Laban. Mannheim: Verlag Deutscher Chorsänger Verband und Tänzerbund, 1928.

 

Shearman, Sir Montague. Athletics and Football. London: Longmans, Green, and Co., 1888. Smith, Shawn Michelle. At the Edge of Sight: Photography and the Unseen. Durham: Duke

 

University Press, 2013.

 

Stebbins, Genevieve. Delsarte System of Expression, 5th Edition. New York: Edgar S. Werner, 1894; orig. 1885.

 

Talbot, Frederick A. Practical Cinematography and its Applications. London: William Heinemann, 1913.

 

Wigman, Mary. The Mary Wigman Book: Her Writings. Middletown, CT: Wesleyan University Press, 1975.

 

Abramović, Marina, et al. Marina Abramović: Seven Easy Pieces. New York: Charta 2007. Acconci, Vito. Language to Cover a Page: The Early Writings of Vito Acconci. Edited by Craig

 

Dworkin. Cambridge: MIT Press, 2006.

Adolphs, Volker, and Philip Norten. Gehen Bleiben: Bewegung, Körper, Ort in der Kunst der

 

Gegenwart. Bonn: Kunstmuseum Bonn, 2007.

Agamben, Giorgio. “Movement.” In Dance: Documents of Contemporary Art. Edited André

 

Lepecki. London: MIT Press and WhiteChapel Gallery, 2012.

Alberro, Alexander, and Blake Stimson, eds. Institutional Critique: An Anthology of Artists’

 

Writings. Cambridge: MIT Press, 2009.

Albers, Kate Palmer. “Abundant Images and the Collective Sublime.” Exposure. Volume 46,

 

Issue 2 (Fall 2013).

 

Allen, Beverly. Rape Warfare: The Hidden Genocide in Bosnia-Herzegovina and Croatia. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1996.

 

Alloway, Lawrence. The Venice Biennale 1895 - 1968: from salon to goldfish bowl. Greenwich, CT: New York Graphic Society LTD., 1968.

Anderson, Ben. “Affect and Biopower: Towards a Politics of Life.” Transactions - Institute of British Geographers, Issue 1 (2011).

 

Andras, Edit, and Bojana Pejic, eds. Gender Check: Femininity and Masculinity in the Art of Eastern Europe. Cologne: Buchhandlung Walther König, 2009.

 

Antliff, Mark. Inventing Bergson: Cultural Politics and the Parisian Avant-Garde. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1992.

 

Arendt, Hannah. The Human Condition, Second Edition. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1958, 1998.

 

Arendt, Hannah. On Violence. New York: Harcourt Brace, 1969.

Atkins, Dawn, ed. Looking Queer: Body Image and Identity in Lesbian, Bisexual, Gay, and

 

Transgender Communities. New York: The Haworth Press, 1998.

Ault, Julie, ed. Alternative Art, New York, 1965-1985: A Cultural Politics Book for the Social

 

Text Collective. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 2002.

Auslander, Philip. “Going with the Flow: Performance Art and Mass Culture.” TDR. Volume 33,

 

Number 2 (Summer 1989).

Auslander, Philip. “The Performativity of Performance Documentation.” PAJ 84 (2006).

 

Backstein, Joseph, and Daniel Birnbaum, Sven-Olov Wallenstein. Thinking Worlds - The Moscow Conference on Philosophy, Politics, and Art. Berlin: Sternberg Press, 2008.

 

Badovinac, Zdenka. Body and the East: From the 1960s to the Present. Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press, 1999.

 

Baer, Ulrich. Spectral Evidence: The Photography of Trauma. Cambridge: MIT Press, 2002. Baker, George. “Entr’acte.” October. Volume 105 (Summer 2003).

 

Bale, John. Imagined Olympians: Body Culture and Colonial Representations in Rwanda. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 2002.

 

Bale, John. Running Cultures: Racing in Time and Space. London: Frank Cass, 2004. Banes, Sally. Democracy’s Body: Judson Dance Theatre, 1962 - 1964. Durham, NC: Duke

 

University Press, 1993.

 

Banes, Sally. Terpsichore in Sneakers: Post-Modern Dance, 2nd edition. Middletown, CT: Wesleyan University Press, 1987.

  

Bartenieff, Irmgard. Body Movement: Coping with the Environment. New York: Routledge, 2002.

 

Barthes, Roland. Camera Lucida: Reflections on Photography. Translated by Richard Howard. New York: Hill and Wang, 198, 2010.

 

Barthes, Roland. Mythologies. Translated by Annette Lavers. New York: Hill and Wang, 1972. Batchen, Geoffrey. Burning with Desire: The Conception of Photography. Cambridge: MIT

 

Press, 1997.

 

Baudelaire, Charles. The Parisian Prowler, Le Spleen de Paris Petits Poèmes en Prose. Translated by Edward K. Kaplan. Athens: The University of Georgia Press, 1989.

 

Bauer, M. W. and G. Gaskell. Biotechnology — the Making of a Global Controversy. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2002.

 

Bayat, Asef. Life as Politics: How Ordinary People Change the Middle East. Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press, 2010, 2015.

 

Belaief, Lynne. “Meanings of the Body.” Journal of the Philosophy of Sport. Volume 4, Issue 1 (1977).

 

Bell, Catherine. Ritual: Perspectives and Dimensions. New York: Oxford University Press, 1997.

 

Benjamin, Walter. Charles Baudelaire: A Lyric Poet in the Era of High Capitalism. Translated by Harry Zohn. London: Verso, 1997.

 

Benjamin, Walter. Selected Writings, Volumes 1 - 4. Edited by Howard Eiland and Michael W. Jennings. Cambridge: Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 2003 - 2006.

 

Benjamin, Walter. “The Storyteller: Reflections on the Works of Nikolai Leskov.” In Illuminations. Edited by Hannah Arendt. Translated by Harry Zohn. New York: Schocken Books, 2007.

 

Bennett, Jill. Empathic Vision: Affect, Trauma, and Contemporary Art. Stanford, CA; Stanford University Press, 2005.

 

Berger, John. About Looking. New York: Pantheon Books, 1980.

 

Bergson, Henri. Laughter: An Essay on the Meaning of the Comic. Translated by Cloudesley Brereton and Fred Rothwell. New York: The Macmillan Company, 1914.

  

Bishop, Claire, and Marta Dziewańska, eds. 1968 - 1989: Political Upheaval and Artistic Change. Warsaw: Museum of Modern Art, 2009.

 

Bishop, Claire. Artificial Hells: Participatory Art and the Politics of Spectatorship. London: Verso, 2012.

 

Bishop, Claire. Radical Museology: or, What’s ‘Contemporary’ in Museums of Contemporary Art? London: Koenig Books, 2013.

 

Black, Graham. Transforming Museums in the Twenty-First Century. New York: Routledge, 2011.

 

Blaive, Muriel, and Christian Gerbel, Thomas Lindenberger, eds. Clashes in European Memory: The Case of Communist Repression and the Holocaust. Innsbruck: Studienverlag, 2011.

 

Blassnigg, Martha. Time, Memory, Consciousness and the Cinema Experience: Revisiting Ideas on Matter and Spirit. New York: Rodopi, 2009.

 

Bloomer, Kent C., and Charles Willard Moore. Body, Memory, and Architecture. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1977.

 

Boecker, Henning, et. al. “The Runner’s High: Opioidergic Mechanisms in the Human Brain.” Cerebral Cortex. Volume 18, Number 11 (2008).

 

Bougarel, Xavier, and Elissa Helms, Ger Duijzings, eds. The New Bosnian Mosaic: Identities, Memories and Moral Claims in a Post-War Society. Hampshire, England: Ashgate, 2007.

 

Bourdieu, Pierre. Outline of a Theory of Practice. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1977.

 

Bourriaud, Nicolas. Relational Aesthetics. Dijon: Les Presses du réel, 1998, 2002.

 

Brandstetter, Gabriele. Poetics of Dance: Body, Image and Space in the Historical Avant- Gardes. Translated by Elena Polzer and Mark Franko. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1995, 2015.

 

Braudy, Leo, and Marshall Cohen, eds. Film Theory and Criticism: Introductory Readings. New York: Oxford UP, 1999.

 

Braun, Marta. Eadweard Muybridge. London: Reaktion, 2010.

Braun, Marta. Picturing Time: The Work of Etienne-Jules Marey (1830 - 1904). Chicago:

 

University of Chicago Press, 1992, 1994.

 

Brettell, Richard R. Modern Art, 1851 - 1929: Capitalism and Representation. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1999.

  

Brooke, J.D., and H.T.A. Whiting, eds. Human Movement - A Field of Study. London: Henry Kimpton Publishers, 1973.

 

Brown, Keith S., and Yannis Hamilakis, eds. The Usable Past: Greek Metahistories. Lanham, MD: Lexington Books, 2003.

 

Brunnbauer, Ulf, and Konrad Clewing, eds. Südost-Forschungen. Munich: R. Oldenbourg Verlag, 2008.

 

Bruno, Giuliana. Atlas of Emotion: Journeys in Art, Architecture, and Film. New York: Verso, 2002.

 

Bryzgel, Amy. Performing the East: Performance Art in Russia, Latvia, and Poland since 1980. London: I.B. Tauris, 2012.

 

Buchloh, Benjamin H. D. Neo-Avantgarde and Culture Industry: Essays on European and American Art from 1955 to 1975. Cambridge: MIT Press, 2001, 2003.

 

Buck-Morss, Susan. The Dialectics of Seeing: Walter Benjamin and the Arcades Project. Cambridge: MIT Press, 1991.

 

Burchell, Graham, and Colin Gordon, Peter Miller, eds. The Foucault Effect: Studies in Governmentality. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1991.

 

Bürger, Peter. Theory of the Avant-Garde. Translated by Michael Shaw. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press and Manchester University Press, 1974, 1984.

 

Butler, Judith. Bodies that Matter: On the Discursive Limits of Sex. New York: Routledge, 1993. Butler, Judith. Gender Trouble: Feminism and the Subversion of Identity. New York: Routledge,

 

2006.

 

Butler, Samuel. Unconscious Memory: A Comparison between the Theory of Dr. Ewald Hering and the ‘Philosophy of the Unconscious’ of Dr. Edward von Hartmann. London: David Bogue, 1880.

 

Cage, John. Silence: Lectures and Writings. Middletown, CT: Wesleyan University Press, 1961. Campany, David, ed. The Cinematic: Documents of Contemporary Art. Cambridge: MIT Press,

 

2007.

Canales, Jimena. A Tenth of a Second: A History. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2009.

 

Careri, Francesco. Walkscapes: Walking as an Aesthetic Practice. Translated by Steve Piccolo and Paul Hammond. Barcelona: Editorial Gusavo Gili, 2002.

  

Carroll, Noël. Theorizing the Moving Image. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1996. Cetinić, Ljiljana, and Ana Panić, eds. Štafete: Titova Štafeta - Štafeta Mladosti, 1945 - 1987.

 

Belgrade: Tipografik plus, 2008.

Chase, Stuart. Men and Machines. New York: Macmillan Co, 1929.

 

Christesen, Paul. Sport and Democracy in the Ancient and Modern Worlds. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2012.

 

Christian, Mary. Marina Abramović: The Artist is Present. New York: The Museum of Modern Art, 2010.

 

Clark, Kenneth. The Nude: A Study in Ideal Form. New York: Pantheon Books, 1956. Coleman, Simon, and John Eade, eds. Reframing Pilgrimage: Cultures in Motion. London:

 

Routledge, 2004.

 

Connerton, Paul. The Spirit of Mourning: History, Memory and the Body. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2011.

 

Cosgrove, Denis. Geography and Vision: Seeing, Imagining and Representing the World. New York: I.B. Tauris, 2008.

 

Cottington, David. Cubism in the Shadow of War: The Avant-Garde and Politics in Paris 1905- 1914. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1998.

 

Crane, Susan, ed. Museums and Memory. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 2000. Crary, Jonathan. Techniques of the Observer: On Vision and Modernity in the Nineteenth

 

Century. Cambridge: MIT Press, 1990.

Crow, Thomas. The Rise of the Sixties: American and European Art in the Era of Dissent.

 

London: Laurence King Publishing, 1996.

 

Csiksgentmihalyi, Mihaly. Creativity! Flow and psychology of discovery and invention. New York: Harper Collins, 1996.

 

Cumming, John. Runners & Walkers: A Nineteenth Century Sports Chronicle. Chicago: Regency Gateway, 1981.

 

Cvejić, Bojana, and Ana Vujanović. Public Sphere by Performance. Belgrade: b_books, TkH, 2012.

  

Dagg, Anne Innis. Running, Walking, and Jumping: The Science of Locomotion. New York: Crane, Russak & Company, Inc, 1977.

 

de Certeau, Michel. The Practice of Everyday Life. Translated by Steven Rendall. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1984, 1988.

 

de Certeau, Michel. The Writing of History. Translated by Tom Conley. New York: Columbia University Press, 1975, 1988.

 

de Groote, Pascale. Ballets Suédois: Jean Börlin. Ghent: University of Ghent, 2002.

de Waal, Frans. The Age of Empathy: Nature’s Lessons for a Kinder Society. New York:

 

Harmony Books, 2009.

 

Deleuze, Gilles. Cinema 1: The Movement-Image. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1986.

 

Deleuze, Gilles, and Félix Guattari. A Thousand Plateaus. London: Continuum, 1980, 2008. Dewey, John. The Public and its Problems: An Essay in Political Inquiry. Edited by Melvin L.

 

Rogers. University Park, PA: The Pennsylvania State University, 2012.

di Giovanni, Janine. Madness Visible: A Memoir of War. London: Bloomsbury, 2005.

 

Djetelić, Pera, and Dragan Maršičević. Narodna Omladina i Jugoslovenski Kongres za Fizičku Kulturu. Beograd: Mladost, 1959.

 

Djurić, Dubravka, and Miško Šuvaković, eds. Impossible Histories: Historical Avant-gardes, Neo-avant-gardes, and Post-avant-gardes in Yugoslavia, 1918 - 1991. Cambridge: MIT Press, 2003.

 

Donawerth, Jane, ed. Rhetorical Theory by Women before 1900: An Anthology. Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, Inc, 2002.

 

Dörr, Evelyn. Rudolf Laban: The Dancer of the Crystal. Lanham, Maryland: The Rowman & Littlefield Publishing Group, Inc., 2008.

 

Drakulić, Slavenka. Balkan Express: Fragments from the Other Side of War. London: Hutchinson, 1993.

 

Drakulić, Slavenka. They Would Never Hurt a Fly: War Criminals on Trial in the Hague. New York: Penguin, 2005.

 

Drapag, Vesna. Constructing Yugoslavia: A Transnational History. London: Palgrave Macmillan, 2010.

Duncan, Carol. Civilizing Rituals: Inside Public Art Museums. Abingdon: Routledge, 1995. Eamon, Christopher. Rearview Mirror: New Art from Central and Eastern Europe. Edmonton:

 

Art Gallery of Alberta, 2011.

 

Eichberg, Henning, ed. Body Cultures: Essays on Sport, Space, and Identity. London, New York: Routledge, 1998.

 

Elias, Norbert. The Civilizing Process. Sociogenetic and Psychogenetic Investigations. Oxford: Blackwell, 1939, 2000.

 

Elias, Norbert, and Eric Dunning. Quest for Excitement: Sport and Leisure in the Civilising Process. Dublin: University of College Dublin Press, 2008.

 

Enwezor, Okwui. Archive Fever: Uses of the Document in Contemporary Art. Göttingen: Steidl Publishers, 2008.

 

Erjavec, Aleš, ed. Postmodernism and the Postsocialist Condition: Politicized Art under Late Socialism. Berkeley: University of California Press, 2003.

 

Fer, Briony, and David Batchelor, Paul Wood. Realism, Rationalism, Surrealism: Art Between the Wars. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1993.

 

Finn, David. How to Visit A Museum. New York: Abrams, 1985.

Fleming, Bruce. Running is Life: Transcending the Crisis of Modernity. Lanham: University

 

Press of America, Inc, 2010.

 

Forrester, Sibelan E.S., and Magdalena J. Zaborowska, Elena Gapova, eds. Over the Wall/After the Fall: Post-Communist Cultures Through an East-West Gaze. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 2004.

 

Foster, Hal. The Return of the Real: The Avant-Garde at the End of the Century. Cambridge: MIT Press, 1996.

 

Foster, Hal. “What’s Neo about the Neo-Avant-Garde?” October. Volume 70, The Duchamp Effect (Autumn, 1994), 5 - 32.

 

Foucault, Michel. Discipline and Punish: The Birth of the Prison. Translated by Alan Sheridan. New York: Vintage Books, Random House, Inc, 1977, 1995.

 

Foucault, Michel. The History of Sexuality Volume 1. Translated by Robert Hurley. New York: Pantheon Books, 1978.

 

Foucault, Michel. Power/Knowledge: Selected Interviews & Other Writings, 1972 - 1977. Edited by Colin Gordon. New York: Pantheon Books,1972, 1980.

  

Fraleigh, Sondra Horton. Dance and the Lived Body: A Descriptive Aesthetics. Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press, 1987.

 

Frampton, Hollis. “Eadweard Muybridge: Fragments of a Tesseract.” In On the Camera Arts and Consecutive Matters: The Writings of Hollis Frampton. Cambridge: MIT Press, 2009.

 

Fried, Michael. Four Honest Outlaws: Sala, Ray, Marioni, Gordon. New Haven: Yale University Press, 2011.

 

Gallagher, Catherine, and Thomas Laqueur, eds. The Making of the Modern Body: Sexuality and Society in the Nineteenth Century. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1987.

 

Gamwell, Lynn, ed. Dreams Nineteen Hundred to Two Thousand: Science, Art, and the Unconscious Mind. Binghamton: State University of New York at Binghamton, 2000.

 

Gay, Peter. Savage Reprisals: Bleak House, Madame Bovary, Buddenbrooks. New York: W.W. Norton & Company, 2002.

 

Gehm, Sabine, and Pirkko Husemann, Katharina von Wilke, eds. Knowledge in Motion: Perspectives of Artistic and Scientific Research in Dance. Translated by Bettina von Arps- Aubert. Bielefeld: Transcript, 2007.

 

Genoways, Hugh H., ed. Museum Philosophy for the Twenty-First Century. Oxford: AltaMira Press, 2006.

 

Geoghegan, Bernard Dionysius. “After Kittler: On the Cultural Techniques of Recent German Media Theory.” Theory Culture Society (August 2013).

 

Gidal, Peter. Materialist Film. London: Routledge, 1989.

Giedion, Siegfried. Space, Time, and Architecture: The Growth of a New Tradition. Cambridge:

 

Harvard University Press, 1974.

 

Godard, Jean-Luc. Godard on Godard. Edited by Jean Narboni and Tom Milne. New York: The Viking Press, 1968, 1972.

 

Gödl, Doris. “Challenging the Past: Serbian and Croatian Aggressor-Victim Narratives.” International Journal of Sociology 37. No. 1 (2007).

 

Goldberg, Roselee. Performance: Live Art Since the ‘60s. London: Thames & Hudson, 2004.

 

Goldberg, Roselee. Performance Art: From Futurism to the Present. London: Thames & Hudson, 2001.

  

Goldberg, Vicki, ed. Photography in Print: Writings from 1816 to the Present. New York: Simon and Schuster, 1981.

 

Golding, Sue, ed. The Eight Technologies of Otherness. London: Routledge, 1997. Gotaas, Thor. Running: A Global History. London: Reaktion Books, 2009.

 

Grau, Andrée, and Stephanie Jordan. Europe Dancing: Perspectives on Theatre, Dance, and Cultural Identity. New York: Routledge, 2000.

 

Grigorov, Dimitar. “‘Рачунајте на нас.’ ‘Oдломак’ о Титовој штафети или Штафети младости.” In Друштвену историју. Belgrade: 2008.

 

Grimes, Ronald L. Beginnings in Ritual Studies. Columbia: University of South Carolina Press, 1995.

 

Groys, Boris. Introduction to Antiphilosophy. Translated by David Fernbach. London: Verso, 2012.

 

Groys, Boris. The Communist Postscript. Translated by Thomas Ford. London: Verso, 2010. Groys, Boris, and Ann von der Heiden, Peter Weibel, eds. Zurück aus der Zukunft.

 

Osteuropäische Kulturen im Zeitalter des Postkommunismus. Berlin: Suhrkamp, 2005.

Gržinić, Marina, and Günther Heeg, Veronika Darian. Mind the Map! History is not a Given: A

 

th th

Critical Anthology Based on the Symposium [Leipzig, 13 -16 October 2005]. Frankfurt:

 

Revolver, 2006.

 

Guttman, Allen. “Sport, Politics, and the Engaged Historian.” Journal of Contemporary History. Volume 38, Number 3 (2003).

 

Hardt, Michael, and Antonio Negri. Empire. Boston, Harvard University Press, 2001. Hargreaves, Jennifer, and Patricia Anne Vertinsky, eds. Physical Culture, Power, and the Body.

 

New York: Routledge, 2007.

 

Harris, Mary Emma. The Arts at Black Mountain College. Cambridge: MIT Press, 1987, 2002.

 

Harte, Jane L., et. al. “The effects of running and meditation on beta-endorphin, corticotropin- releasing hormone and cortisol in plasma, and on mood.” Biological Psychology. Volume 40, Issue 3 (June 1995).

 

Harte, Jane L., and Georg H. Eifert. “The effects of running, environment, and attentional focus on athletes’ catecholamine and cortisol levels and moods.” Psychophysiology. Volume 32, Issue 1 (January 1995).

  

Havránek, Vít, ed. Jiří Kovanda: Actions and Installations, 2005-1976. Zurich: Tranzit & JRP|Ringier, 2006.

 

Helme, Sirje. PopKunst Forever: Estonian Pop Art at the Turn of the 1960s and 1970s. Tallinn: Art Museum of Estonia - Kumu Art Museu, 2010.

 

Hemmings, Frederick William John, ed. The Age of Realism. Baltimore: Penguin Books, 1974. Hendricks, Gordon. Eadweard Muybridge: The Father of the Motion Picture. New York:

 

Grossman Publishers, of Viking Press, 1975.

 

Henning, Michelle. Museums, Media, and Cultural Theory. New York: Open University Press, 2006.

 

Hewitt, Andrew. Social Choreography: Ideology as Performance in Dance and Everyday Movement. Durham: Duke University Press, 2005.

 

Higgins, Steven. Still Moving: The Film and Media Collections of the Museum of Modern Art. New York: The Museum of Modern Art, 2006.

 

Hoberman, John M. “Sport and Political Ideology.” Journal of Sport and Social Issues. Volume 1, Number 2 (1977).

 

Hodgson, John. Mastering Movement: The Life and Work of Rudolf Laban. New York: Routledge, 2001.

 

Hoelzl, Ingrid, and Friedrich Tietjen, eds. Images in Motion. Burges: Die Keure, 2012. Husserl, Edmund. The Phenomenology of Internal Time-Consciousness. Edited by Martin

 

Heidegger. Translated by James S. Churchill. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1964.

 

IRWIN, ed. East Art Map: Contemporary Art and Eastern Europe. London: Afterall and MIT Press, 2006.

 

Ivey, Paul Eli. Radiance from Halcyon: A Utopian Experiment in Religion and Science. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 2013.

 

Jameson, Frederic. Postmodernism, or, The Cultural Logic of Late Capitalism. Durham: Duke University Press,1991.

 

Janevski, Ana, ed. As Soon as I Open My Eyes I See a Film: Experiment in the Art of Yugoslavia in the 1960s and 1970s. Warsaw: Museum of Modern Art, 2010.

 

Jarausch, Konrad H., and Michael Geyer. Shattered Past: Reconstructing German Histories. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2003.

  

Jones, Amelia. Body Art/Performing the Subject. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1998.

 

Jones, Amelia, and Adrian Heathfield. Perform, Repeat, Record: Live Art in History. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2012.

 

Jones, Amelia. “The Body and Technology.” Art Journal. Volume 60, Number 1 (Spring, 2001). Joseph, Brandon W. Random Order: Robert Rauschenberg and the Neo-avant-garde.

 

Cambridge: MIT Press, 2003.

Joy, Jenn. The Choreographic. Cambridge: MIT Press, 2014.

 

Jünger, Ernst. “War and Photography.” Translated by Anthony Nassar. New German Critique. Number 59 (Spring-Summer, 1993).

 

Kater, Michael H. Hitler Youth. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 2004. Kebo, Ozren. Sarajevo za početnike. Sarajevo: Dani, 1996.

 

Kelley, Jeff, ed. Essays on the Blurring of Art and Life. Berkley: University of California Press, 1993, 2003.

 

Kern, Stephen. The Culture of Time and Space. Cambridge, Mass: Harvard University Press, 1983.

 

Kester, Grant H. Conversation Pieces: Community and Communication in Modern Art. Berkley: University of California Press, 2004.

 

Kholeif, Omar. Moving Image. London: Whitechapel, 2015.

Kirkpatrick, Sidney. The Revenge of Thomas Eakins. New Haven: Yale University Press, 2006.

 

Kirn, Gal, and Dubravka Sekulić, Žiga Testen, eds. Surfing the Black: Yugoslav Black Wave Cinema and its Transgressive Moments. Maastricht: Jan van Eyck Academie, 2012.

 

Kittler, Friedrich A. Gramophone, Film, Typewriter. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1999. Klinger, Cornelia, and Bartomeu Mari. Modernologies: Contemporary Artists Researching

 

Modernity and Modernism. Barcelona: Museu d’Art Contemporani de Barcelona, 2009.

Knell, Simon J., et al., eds. National Museums: New Studies from around the World. New York:

 

Routledge, 2011.

Knudson, Duane. Fundamentals of Biomechanics, Second Edition. New York: Springer, 2007.

  

Knust, Albrecht. Handbook of Kinetography Laban: Examples. Hamburg: Das Tanzarchiv, 1958. Koch, Sabine, et al. Body Memory, Metaphor, and Movement. Philadelphia: John Benjamins

 

Publishing Company, 2012.

Krauss, Rosalind E. “Sculpture in the Expanded Field.” October. Volume 8 (Spring 1979).

 

Krauss, Rosalind E. The Originality of the Avant-Garde and Other Modernist Myths. Cambridge: MIT Press, 1985.

 

Kuligowski, Waldemar. “A Relay of Youth of the 21st Century. A Re-enactment of Ritual or a Grotesque Performance?” Cargo. Volume 10, Number 1 - 2 (2012).

 

Kwon, Miwon. One Place After Another: Site-Specific Art and Locational Identity. Cambridge: MIT Press, 2002.

 

LaBelle, Brandon. Background Noise: Perspectives on Sound Art. London and New York: Continuum International Publishing Group, 2006.

 

Lakoff, George, and Mark Johnson. Metaphors We Live By. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1980.

 

Landsberg, Alison. Prosthetic Memory: The Transformation of American Remembrance in the Age of Mass Culture. New York: Columbia University Press, 2004.

 

Laws, Kenneth, and Francia Russell. Physics and the Art of Dance: Understanding Movement. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2002.

 

le Blanc, Guillaume. Courir: Méditations Physiques. Paris: Éditions Flammarion, 2012.

Leahy, Helen Rees. Museum Bodies: The Politics of Practices of Visiting and Viewing. Surrey,

 

England: Ashgate, 2012.

Lederman, Gail. Manliness and Civilization: A Cultural History of Gender and Race in the

 

United States, 1880 - 1917. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 1995. Lefebvre, Henri. The Production of Space. Oxford: Blackwell, 1991.

 

Lehman, Arnold L., and Brenda Richardson, eds. Oskar Schlemmer. Baltimore: The Baltimore Museum of Art, 1986.

 

Lemke, Thomas. Bio-Politics: An Advanced Introduction. Translated by Eric Frederick Trump. New York: New York University Press, 2011.

 

Lepage, Jean-Denis G.G. Hitler Youth, 1922 - 1945: An Illustrated History. London: McFarland & Company, Inc.,2009.

  

Lepecki, André, ed. Dance: Documents of Contemporary Art. London: MIT Press and WhiteChapel Gallery, 2012.

 

Leposavić, Radonja. vlasTito iskustvo. Belgrade: Publikum, 2005.

Licht, Alan. Sound Art: Beyond Music, Between Categories. New York: Rizzoli International

 

Publications, 2007.

 

Lippard, Lucy. Six Years: The Dematerialization of the Art Object from 1966 to 1972. Berkley: University of California Press, 1973.

 

Loland, Sigmund, and Berit Skirstad, Ivan Waddington. Pain and Injury in Sport: Social and Ethical Analysis. New York: Routledge, 2006.

 

Luthar, Breda, and Maruša Pušnik, eds. Remembering Utopia: The Culture of Everyday Life in Socialist Yugoslavia. Washington, D.C.: New Academia Publishers, 2010.

 

Mackay, Robin, and Armen Avanessian, eds. #Accelerate: The Accelerationist Reader. Falmouth, UK: Urbanomic, 2014.

 

Malcolm, Noel. Bosnia: A Short Story. London: MacMillan, 1994.

Maletic, Vera. Body - Space - Expression: The Development of Rudolf Laban’s Movement and

 

Dance Concepts. Amsterdam: Mouton de Gruyter, 1987.

Marie, Michel. The French New Wave: An Artistic School. Translated by Richard Neupert.

 

Oxford: Blackwell Publishing, 1997.

 

Marien, Mary Warner. Photography: A Cultural History. 2nd Edition. London: Laurence King Publishing Ltd, 2002, 2006.

 

Marks, Laura. Touch: Sensuous Theory and Multisensory Media. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 2002.

 

Marvin, Carolyn. When Old Technologies Were New: Thinking about Electric Communication in the Late Nineteenth Century. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1988.

 

Mathews, Nancy Mowll. “The Body in Motion.” In Moving Pictures: American Art and Early Film, 1880 - 1910. Manchester, Vermont: Hudson Hills Press, 2005.

 

Mauss, Marcel. “Techniques of the Body” (1934). In Incorporations, Zone 6. Edited by Jonathan Crary and Sanford Kwinter. New York: Zone, 1992.

 

Mazower, Mark. Dark Continent: Europe’s Twentieth Century. New York: A.A. Knopf, 1999.

  

McGinnis, Peter M. Biomechanics of Sport and Exercise, Third Edition. Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics, 2013.

 

McSorley, Kevin, ed. War and the Body: Militarisation, Practice and Experience. New York: Routledge, 2013.

 

Meltzer, Eve. Systems We Have Loved: Conceptual Art, Affect, and the Antihumanist Turn. Chicago: The University of Chicago, 2013.

 

Merleau-Ponty, Maurice. The Phenomenology of Perception. Translated by Colin Smith. London: Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1962, 1989.

 

Metz, Christian. Film Language: A Semiotics of the Cinema. Translated by Michael Taylor. New York: Oxford University Press, 1974.

 

Metz, Christian. “Photography and Fetish.” October. Volume 34 (Autumn, 1985).

Meyer, James. Minimalism: Art and Polemics in the Sixties. New Haven: Yale University Press,

 

Michelson, Annette, ed. Kino-Eye: The Writings of Dziga Vertov. Translated by Kevin O’Brien. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1984.

 

Mirzoeff, Nicholas, ed. The Visual Culture Reader, Second Edition. New York: Routledge, 1998, 2002.

 

Mishima, Yukio. Sun and Steel: His Personal Testament on Art, Action, and Ritual Death. New York: Kodansha, 1970.

 

Mondloch, Kate. Screens: Viewing Media Installation Art. Minneapolis: The University of Minnesota Press, 2010.

 

Moore, Sarah J. Empire on Display: San Francisco’s Panama-Pacific International Exposition of 1915. Norman, OK: University of Oklahoma Press, 2013.

 

Morgan, William P. “Affective beneficence of vigorous physical activity.” Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise. Volume 17, Number 1 (February 1985).

 

Morse, Meredith. Soft is Fast: Simone Forti in the 1960s and After. Cambridge: MIT Press, 2016.

 

Mosse, George L. The Image of Man: The Creation of Modern Masculinity. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1996.

 

Motherwell, Robert, ed. Dada Painters and Poets. New Haven: Harvard University Press, 1981.

  

Mozley, Anita Ventura, ed. Eadweard Muybridge: The Stanford Years, 1872 - 1882. San Francisco: Stanford University, 1972.

 

Mulvey, Laura. Death 24x a Second: Stillness and the Moving Image. London: Reaction books, 2006.

 

Mumford, Lewis. Technics and Civilization. London: Routledge & Kegan Paul LTD, 1934, 1955.

 

Muñoz, José Esteban. Disidentifications: Queers of Color and the Performance of Politics. Minneapolis: The University of Minnesota Press, 1999.

 

Musolff, Andreas. Metaphor, Nation, and the Holocaust: The Concept of the Body Politic. New York: Routledge, 2010.

 

New Collectivism, ed. Neue Slowenische Kunst. Translated by Marjan Golobič. Hong Kong: Paramount Printing, 1991.

 

Newman, Michael, and Jon Bird, eds. Rewriting Conceptual Art. London: Reaction Books, 1999. O’Doherty, Brian. Inside the White Cube: The Ideology of the Gallery Space. Berkley:

 

University of California Press, 1986.

 

O’Rourke, Karen. Walking and Mapping: Artists as Cartographers. Cambridge: MIT Press, 2013.

 

Obrist, Hans Ulrich. Do It: The Compendium. New York: Independent Curators International/D.A.P., 2013.

 

Partsch-Bergsohn, Isa. Modern Dance in Germany and the Untied States: Crosscurrents and Influences. Chur: Harwood Academic Publishers, 1994.

 

Passerini, Luisa, ed. Memory and Totalitarianism. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1992. Pavković, Aleksandar. The Fragmentation of Yugoslavia: Nationalism and War in the Balkans,

 

Second Edition. New York: St. Martin’s Press, 2000.

 

Pegrum, Mark A. Challenging Modernity: Dada Between Modern and Postmodern. Oxford: Berghahn Books, 2000.

 

Peiffer, Lorenz. Sport im Nationalsozialismus: Zum aktuellen Stand der sporthistorischen Forschung. Göttingen: Verlag Die Werkstaat, 2004, 2015.

 

Pejić, Bojana, and David Elliot. After the Wall: Art and Culture in Post-Communist Europe. Stockholm: Moderna Museet, 1999.

  

Penz, Otto. “Sport and Speed.” International Review for the Sociology of Sport. Volume 25, Number 2 (June 1990).

 

Peoples, Crocker. “A Psychological Analysis of the ‘Runner’s High’ (Human Performance).” Physical Educator. Volume 40, Number 1 (March 1, 1983).

 

Perica, Vjekoslav. Balkan Idols: Religion and Nationalism in Yugoslav States. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2002.

 

Petrov, Ana. “Telesni projekti i regulacija normativnog tela: uloga fizičke kulture u Jugoslaviji.” Institut za etnologiju i folkloristiku. Issue 51, Number 2 (2014).

 

Pfister, Gertrud, ed. Gymnastics, A Transatlantic Movement: From Europe to America. New York: Routledge, 2011.

 

Phelan, Peggy. Unmarked: The Politics of Performance. New York: Routledge, 1993. Phillips, Christopher, ed. Photography in the Modern Era: European Documents and Critical

 

Writings, 1913 - 1940. New York: The Metropolitan Museum of Art/Aperature, 1990. Phillips, Murray G. Deconstructing Sport History: A Postmodern Analysis. Albany: State

 

University of New York Press, 2006.

 

Pissaro, Joachim, et al. Martin Creed: What’s the Point of It? London: Hayward Publishing, 2014.

 

Piotrowski, Piotr. In the Shadow of Yalta: Art and the Avant-Garde in Eastern Europe, 1945 - 1989. London: Reaktion, 2009.

 

Preston-Dunlop, Valerie. Rudolf Laban: An Extraordinary Life. London, Dance Books, 1998. Preziosi, Donald. Art Religion Amnesia: The Enchantments of Credulity. New York: Routledge,

  

Pursell, Caroll. White Heat: People and Technology. Berkley: University of California Press, 1994.

 

Quercetani, R. L. A World History of Track and Field Athletics 1864-1964. London: Oxford University Press, 1964.

 

Rabinbach, Anson. The Human Motor: Energy, Fatigue, and the Origins of Modernity. New York: Basic Books, 1990.

 

Rabinow, Paul, ed. The Foucault Reader. New York: Random House, 1984.

  

Radstone, Susannah, and Bill Schwarz, Memory: Histories, Theories, Debates. New York: Fordham University Press, 2010.

 

Rancière, Jacques. Aesthetics and its Discontents. Malden: Polity Press, 2004.

Rancière, Jacques. The Emancipated Spectator. Translated by Gregory Elliot. London: Verso,

 

Rancière, Jacques. The Politics of Aesthetics: The Distribution of the Sensible. London: Continuum, 2006.

 

Rees, A.L., and Duncan White, Steven Ball, David Curtis, eds. Expanded Cinema: Art, Performance, Film. London: Tate Publishing, 2011.

 

Rempel, Gerhard. Hitler’s Children: The Hitler Youth and the SS. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1989.

 

Richards, Mary. Marina Abramović. New York: Routledge, 2010.

Ricoeur, Paul. Oneself as Another. Translated by Kathleen Blamey. Chicago: University of

 

Chicago Press, 1992.

Rosa, Hartmut. Beschleunigung und Entfremdung: Entwurf einer Kritischen Theorie

 

spätmoderner Zeitlichkeit. Berlin: Suhrkamp, 2013.

Rosa, Hartmut, and William E. Scheuerman. High-Speed: Social Acceleration, Power, and

 

Modernity. University Park, PA: The Pennsylvania State University, 2009.

Rosati, Lauren, and Mary Anne Staniszewski, eds. Alternative Histories: New York Art Spaces,

 

1960-2010. Cambridge: MIT Press, 2012.

 

Rosenstone, Robert A., “History in Images/History in Words: Reflections on the Possibility of Really Putting History onto Film.” The American Historical Review. Volume 93. Number 5 (December 1988).

 

Rossol, Nadine. Performing the Nation in Interwar Germany: Sport, Spectacle, and Political Symbolism, 1926 - 1936. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2010.

 

Roxby-Maude, Alice, On Camera: Performance and Photography. Southampton: John Hansard Gallery, 2007.

 

Ruyter, Nancy Lee Chalfa. The Cultivation of Body and Mind in Nineteenth-Century American Delsartism. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press, 1999.

 

Salazar, James B. Bodies of Reform The Rhetoric of Character in Gilded Age America. New York: New York University Press, 2010.

  

Schechner, Richard. Essays on Performance Theory 1970 - 1976. New York: Drama Book Specialists, 1973, 1977.

 

Scheerder, Jeroen, and Koen Breedveld, eds. Running Across Europe: The Rise and Size of One of the Largest Sport Markets. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2015.

 

Seckinelgin, H., and Billy Wong, eds. Global Civil Society 2011: Globally and the Absence of Justice. Hampshire: Palgrave Macmillan, 2011.

 

Sekula, Allan. “The Body and the Archive.” October. Volume 39 (Winter, 1986). Semon, Richard. Die mnemischen Empmfindungen in ihren Beziehungen zu den

 

Originalempfindungen. Leipzig: W. Engelmann, 1909.

Shawn, Ted. Every Little Movement: A Book About François Delsarte. Pittsfield, MA: The Eagle

 

Printing and Binding Company, 1954.

Shayt, David H. “Stairway to Redemption: America’s Encounter with the British Prison

 

Treadmill.” Technology and Culture, Volume 30, Number 4 (Oct. 1989).

Sheridan, Heather, and Leslie Howe, and Keith Thompson, eds. Sporting Reflections: Some

 

Philosophical Perspectives. Aachen: Meyer & Meyer Verlag, 2007.

 

Siegmund, Gerald, and Stefan Hölscher, eds. Dance, Politics, and Co-Immunity: Thinking Resistances, Current Perspectives on Politics and Communities in the Arts. Volume 1. Zürich- Berlin: Diaphanes, 2013.

 

Sileo, Diego, and Eugenio Viola, PAC (Milano), eds. Marina Abramović: The Abramović Method. 2 Volumes. Milan: 24 ORE Cultura, 2012.

 

Silverman, Kaja. The Subject of Semiotics. New York: Oxford University Press, 1983.

Slevin, Tom. Vision of the Human: Art, World War One and the Modernist Subject. London: I.B.

 

Tauris, 2015.

 

Solnit, Rebecca. River of Shadows: Eadweard Muybridge and the Technological Wild West. New York: Viking, 2003.

 

Solnit, Rebecca. Wanderlust: A History of Walking. London: Verso, 2001.

Sontag, Susan. Against Interpretation and Other Essays. New York: Picador, 1966, 2001. Sontag, Susan. “Fascinating Fascism.” The New York Review of Books (6 February 1975). Sontag, Susan. On Photography. New York: Picador, 1977.

  

Spieker, Sven. The Big Archive: Art from Bureaucracy. Cambridge: MIT Press, 2008. Stepišnik, Drago. Oris Zgodovine Telesne Kulture na Slovenskem. Ljubljana: Dražavna založba

 

Slovenija, 1968.

 

Stipančić, Branka. “‘Zame je resničnost umetnost,’ Intervju s Tomislavom Gotovcem.” Vijenac, Number 123/VI (8 Oct. 1998).

 

Stoddart, Tom. Sarajevo. Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution Press, 1998.

Stošić, Mirjana. “Body-name — The Brotherhood Chronotype and Social Choreography.”

 

Култура/Culture (2015).

Suljagić, Emir. Postcards from the Grave. Translated by Lejla Haverić. London: The Bosnian

 

Institute, 2005.

 

Susovski, Marijan, ed. The New Art Practice in Yugoslavia, 1966 - 1978. Zagreb: Gallery of Contemporary Art, 1978.

 

Sutil, Nicolás Salazar. Motion and Representation: The Language of Human Movement. Cambridge: MIT Press, 2015.

 

Swenson, Kirsten. Irrational Judgements: Eva Hesse, Sol Lewitt, and 1960s New York. New Haven: Yale University Press, 2015.

 

Szeemann, Harold. Zum freien Tanz, zu reiner Kunst. Rolandseck: Stiftung Hans Arp und Sophie Taeuber-Arp, 1991.

 

Tagg, John. The Burden of Representation: Essays on Photographies and Histories. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1988.

 

Tilmans, Karin, and Frank van Vree, Jay Winter, eds. Performing the Past: Memory, History, and Identity in Modern Europe. Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press, 2010.

 

Tumarkin, Maria M. Traumascapes: The Power and Fate of Places Transformed by Tragedies. Victoria, Australia: Melbourne University Press, 2005.

 

Udall, Sharyn R. Dance and American Art: A Long Embrace. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 2012.

 

Vacche, Angela Dalle. Film, Art, New Media: Museum without Walls? New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2012.

 

Vertinsky, Patricia Anne. The Eternally Wounded Woman: Women, Doctors, and Exercise in the Late Nineteenth Century. Manchester: Manchester University Press, 1989.

  

Virilio, Paul. The Art of the Motor. Translated Julie Rose. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1995.

 

Weibel, Peter. Beyond Art: A Third Culture. Vienna: Ambra Verlag, 2005.

 

Wells, Liz, ed. Photography: A Critical Introduction. New York: Rutledge, 1996/2015.

 

Westcott, James. When Marina Abramović Dies: A Biography. Cambridge: MIT Press, 2010.

 

White, Hayden. “Historiography and Historiophoty.” The American Historical Review. Volume 93. Number 5 (December 1988).

 

White, Hayden V. Metahistory: The Historical Imagination in Nineteenth-Century Europe. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1973.

 

Wiehager, Renate, ed. Moving Pictures: Photography and Film in Contemporary Art. Ostfildern- Ruit, Germany: Hate Cantz Publishers, 2001.

 

Williams, Raymond. Culture and Society, 1780 - 1950. New York: Columbia University Press, 1958/1983.

 

Wood, Catherine. Yvonne Rainer: The Mind is a Muscle. London: Afterall, 2007. Wood, Denis. The Power of Maps. New York: Guilford Press, 2010.

 

Woodward, Susan L. Balkan Tragedy: Chaos and Dissolution after the Cold War. Washington, D.C.: The Brookings Institution, 1995.

 

Young, Kevin. Deviance and Social Control in Sport. Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics, 2008. Youngblood, Gene. Expanded Cinema. New York: E.P. Dutton and Co., 1970.

 

Zelizer, Barbie, ed. Visual Culture and the Holocaust. New Brunswick: Rutgers University Press, 2001.

 

Zidić, Igor, and Ana Dević, Antonio Gotovac Lauer a.k.a. Tomislav Gotovac. Antonio Gotovac Lauer: Čelična mreža. Zagreb: Moderna Galerija and Studio Josip Račič, 2006.

 

Zorn, John W., ed. The Essential Delsarte. Metuchen, NJ: The Scarecrow Press, Inc, 1968.

 

Žižek, Slavoj. The Indivisible Remainder: An Essay on Schelling and Related Matters. London: Verso, 1996.

 

----

  

------------about Venice Biennale history from wikipedia ---------

curators previous

* 1948 – Rodolfo Pallucchini

* 1966 – Gian Alberto Dell'Acqua

* 1968 – Maurizio Calvesi and Guido Ballo

* 1970 – Umbro Apollonio

* 1972 – Mario Penelope

* 1974 – Vittorio Gregotti

* 1978 – Luigi Scarpa

* 1980 – Luigi Carluccio

* 1982 – Sisto Dalla Palma

* 1984 – Maurizio Calvesi

* 1986 – Maurizio Calvesi

* 1988 – Giovanni Carandente

* 1990 – Giovanni Carandente

* 1993 – Achille Bonito Oliva

* 1995 – Jean Clair

* 1997 – Germano Celant

* 1999 – Harald Szeemann

* 2001 – Harald Szeemann

* 2003 – Francesco Bonami

* 2005 – María de Corral and Rosa Martinez

* 2007 – Robert Storr

* 2009 – Daniel Birnbaum

* 2011 – Bice Curiger

* 2013 – Massimiliano Gioni

* 2015 – Okwui Enwezor

* 2017 – Christine Macel[19]

* 2019 – Ralph Rugoff[20]

  

----------

 

#art #artist #artistic #artists #arte #artwork

 

Pavilion at the Venice Biennale #artcontemporain contemporary art Giardini arsenal

 

venice Veneziako VenecijaVenècia Venedig Venetië Veneetsia Venetsia Venise Venecia VenedigΒενετία( Venetía Hungarian Velence Feneyjar Venice Venezia Venēcija Venezja Venezia Wenecja Veneza VenețiaVenetsiya BenátkyBenetke Venecia Fenisוועניס Վենետիկ ভেনি স威尼斯 (wēinísī) 威尼斯 ვენეციისવે નિસवेनिसヴェネツィアವೆನಿಸ್베니스வெனிஸ்వెనిస్เวนิซوینس Venetsiya

 

art umjetnost umění kunst taide τέχνη művészetList ealaín arte māksla menasarti Kunst sztuka artă umenie umetnost konstcelfקונסטարվեստincəsənətশিল্প艺术(yìshù)藝術 (yìshù)ხელოვნებაकलाkos duabアートಕಲೆសិល្បៈ미술(misul)ສິນລະປະകലकलाအတတ်ပညာकलाකලාවகலைఆర్ట్ศิลปะ آرٹsan'atnghệ thuậtفن (fan)אומנותهنرsanat artist

 

other Biennale :(Biennials ) :

Venice Biennial , Documenta Havana Biennial,Istanbul Biennial ( Istanbuli),Biennale de Lyon ,Dak'Art Berlin Biennial,Mercosul Visual Arts Biennial ,Bienal do Mercosul Porto Alegre.,Berlin Biennial ,Echigo-Tsumari Triennial .Yokohama Triennial Aichi Triennale,manifesta ,Copenhagen Biennale,Aichi Triennale .Yokohama Triennial,Echigo-Tsumari Triennial.Sharjah Biennial ,Biennale of Sydney, Liverpool , São Paulo Biennial ; Athens Biennale , Bienal do Mercosul ,Göteborg International Biennial for Contemporary Art ,DOCUMENTA KASSEL ATHENS

* Dakar

  

kritik [edit] kritikaria kritičar crític kritiker criticus kriitik kriitikko critique crítico Kritiker κριτικός(kritikós) kritikus Gagnrýnandi léirmheastóir critico kritiķis kritikas kritiku krytyk crítico critic crítico krytyk beirniad קריטיקער

 

Basque Veneziako Venecija [edit] Catalan Venècia Venedig Venetië Veneetsia Venetsia Venise Venecia Venedig Βενετία(Venetía) Hungarian Velence Feneyjar Venice Venezia Latvian Venēcija Venezja Venezia Wenecja Portuguese Veneza Veneția Venetsiya Benátky Benetke Venecia Fenis וועניס Վենետիկ ভেনিস 威尼斯 (wēinísī) 威尼斯 Georgian ვენეციის વેનિસ वेनिस ヴェネツィア ವೆನಿಸ್ 베니스 வெனிஸ் వెనిస్ เวนิซ وینس Venetsiya

 

Thierry Geoffroy / Colonel

#thierrygeoffroy #geoffroycolonel #thierrygeoffroycololonel #lecolonel #biennalist

 

#artformat #formatart

#emergencyart #urgencyart #urgentart #artofthenow #nowart

emergency art emergency art urgency artist de garde vagt alarm emergency room necessityart artistrole exigencyart predicament prediction pressureart

 

#InstitutionalCritique

 

#venicebiennale #venicebiennale2017 #venicebiennale2015

#venicebiennale2019

#venice #biennale #venicebiennale #venezia #italy

#venezia #venice #veniceitaly #venicebiennale

 

#pastlife #memory #venicebiennale #venice #Venezia #italy #hotelveniceitalia #artexhibit #artshow #internationalart #contemporaryart #themundane #summerday

 

#biennalevenice

 

Institutional Critique

 

Identity Politics Post-War Consumerism, Engagement with Mass Media, Performance Art, The Body, Film/Video, Political, Collage, , Cultural Commentary, Self as Subject, Color Photography, Related to Fashion, Digital Culture, Photography, Human Figure, Technology

 

Racial and Ethnic Identity, Neo-Conceptualism, Diaristic

 

Contemporary Re-creations, Popular Culture, Appropriation, Contemporary Sculpture,

 

Culture, Collective History, Group of Portraits, Photographic Source

 

, Endurance Art, Film/Video,, Conceptual Art and Contemporary Conceptualism, Color Photography, Human Figure, Cultural Commentary

 

War and Military, Political Figures, Social Action, Racial and Ethnic Identity, Conflict

 

Personal Histories, Alter Egos and Avatars

 

Use of Common Materials, Found Objects, Related to Literature, Installation, Mixed-Media, Engagement with Mass Media, Collage,, Outdoor Art, Work on Paper, Text

  

Appropriation (art) Art intervention Classificatory disputes about art Conceptual art Environmental sculpture Found object Interactive art Modern art Neo-conceptual art Performance art Sound art Sound installation Street installations Video installation Conceptual art Art movements Postmodern art Contemporary art Art media Aesthetics Conceptualism

 

Post-conceptualism Anti-anti-art Body art Conceptual architecture Contemporary art Experiments in Art and Technology Found object Happening Fluxus Information art Installation art Intermedia Land art Modern art Neo-conceptual art Net art Postmodern art Generative Art Street installation Systems art Video art Visual arts ART/MEDIA conceptual artis

 

—-

 

CRITICAL RUN is an art format developed by Thierry Geoffroy / COLONEL, It follows the spirit of ULTRACONTEMPORARY and EMERGENCY ART as well as aims to train the AWARENESS MUSCLE.​

Critical Run has been activated on invitation from institutions such as Moderna Muset Stockholm, Moma PS1 ,Witte de With Rotterdam, ZKM Karlsruhe, Liverpool Biennale, Manifesta Biennial ,Sprengel Museum,Venice Biennale but have also just happened on the spot because a debate was necessary here and now.

 

It has been activated in Beijing, Cairo, London, Istanbul, Athens, Kassel, Sao Paolo, Hanoi, Istanbul, Paris, Copenhagen, Moskow, Napoli, Sydney, Wroclaw, Bruxelles, Rotterdam, Siberia, Karlsruhe, Barcelona, Aalborg, Venice, Virginia, Stockholm, Aarhus, Rio de Janeiro, Budapest, Washington, Lyon, Caracas, Trondheim, Berlin, Toronto, Hannover, Haage, Newtown, Cartagena, Tallinn, Herning, Roskilde;Mannheim ;Munich etc...

 

The run debates are about emergency topics like Climate Change , Xenophobia , Wars , Hyppocrisie , Apathy ,etc ...

 

Participants have been very various from Sweddish art critics , German police , American climate activist , Chinese Gallerists , Brasilian students , etc ...

 

Critical Run is an art format , like Emergency Room or Biennalist and is part of Emergency Art ULTRACONTEMPORARY and AWARENESS MUSCLE .

 

www.emergencyrooms.org/criticalrun.html

 

www.emergencyrooms.org/formats.html

-------

In 2020 a large exhibition will show 40 of the Critical Run at the Museum Villa Stuck in Munich / part of the Awareness Muscle Training Center

------

for activating the format or for inviting the installation

please contact 1@colonel.dk

 

www.colonel.dk/

 

-----

 

critical,run,art,format,debate ,artformat,formatart,moment,clarity,emergency,kunst,

 

Sport,effort,curator,artist,urgency,urgence,criticalrun,emergencies,ultracontemporary

,rundebate,sport,art,activism, critic,laufen,Thierry Geoffroy , Colonel,kunstformat

 

,now art,copenhagen,denmark

 

I braved the ungodly cold and wind to make a new feeder today for the Cardinals. They have a bit of trouble landing on the hanging feeders (although they still manage). I made them a simple platform feeder with a pipe on the bottom that I can move easily around the yard for photos. They are already using it a lot - Cardinal approved!

 

This shot is "pre new feeder." No way am I going to spend any more time outdoors than necessary today. Background is blue sky showing through a zillion apple tree branches.

 

www.SteveByland.com

© Steve Byland 2010 all rights reserved

Unauthorized use or reproduction for any reason is prohibited.

Please do not blog this without contacting me first.

Betty Harris

 

The Lost Queen Of New Orleans Soul

  

Back in the sixties, soul ‘anoraks’ (myself included), who already treasured and sought out the works of the more obscure and emotive singers, absolutely revered Betty Harris (and, then again, soul-wise, I guess I still do!).

 

The couple of publicity shots that existed back then showed that she looked great, her gospelly interpretive voice was second-to-none and her best-known material was stunning, chiefly because it was chosen by top-flight producers like Bert Berns and Allen Tousssaint. But just as intriguingly, she was then something of a ‘mystery woman’. No-one really knew anything about her. Rumours circulated that she had begun as Big Maybelle’s ‘maid’ (did travelling black women entertainers of the late-50’s really take ‘maids’ with them?). Then someone said that, after her Sansu/SSS recordings, she had retired to become a truck-driver (did lissom black female ex-singers still only about 30 years of age really drive giant, freeway-eating Mack and Kenwood trucks – maybe these days, but surely not in early-70’s America!).

 

Today, thanks to researchers and the re-surfaced Betty herself, we certainly know much more about her - and that includes the fact that both of the above rumours were false, although each had truthful associations, as we shall see.

 

However, some mysteries and contradictory information remain. Whilst it’s clear that Betty was born in Orlando, Florida, many potted biographies quote a 1941 or a 1943 date. Even in David Cole’s excellent interview/article (‘In The Basement’ magazine No.32, October 2003), Betty’s birthdate is given as 9 September 1943 (which is repeated on a current Harris-related web-site). However, only a few months later, on 19th July 2004, Betty herself stated in a telephone interview with Amy Gold: “I wasn't born in the '40s at all. I was born in '39.” My opinion is that a woman may lie about her age to make herself appear younger but she would never lie (especially to another woman!) in such a way as to make herself look older! Therefore I reckon Betty Harris was born in 1939 – I rest my case!

 

This date is also in line with Wikipedia’s biography, yet that not-always-reliable source gives Betty’s surname as Harridick. It’s just possible this might be the married surname Betty acquired after her retirement from the music scene at the end of the 60’s as it was the guy who then became her husband who apparently ran a trucking business, hence giving rise to the false rumours about Betty herself driving such vehicles for a living. However, her true birth-surname was certainly Crews, as stated not just in the Cole interview but in a 2004 article about her younger sister, the operatic-quality spinto-soprano and now Fort Pierce, Florida-based evangelist, Sybil Maria Crews Young.

 

However, there is another possibility. When Betty was still only about 18 years of age, it seems she had a son, Selwyn T. Crews. (This chronology is based on the intro to the Amy Gold interview in 2004 in which Selwyn – sometimes called Tony and now apparently living in Atlanta - was said to then be 47 years of age). If Betty briefly married the father and if the father’s surname had been Harridick this could have led to her later adopting the ‘truncated’ name of Harris. When Betty joined the Hearts vocal group in around early 1958 (see later), she was still using the name Betty Crews but certainly something around that time must have prompted her to change her surname to Harris as this had already occurred by the time of her early-60’s first solo recording (see later). However all this begs one final question: how did Betty’s son inherit her own surname of Crews as opposed to that of his father (whoever he was)? Whether or not Betty married the father, perhaps either she ‘on her own’ (or perhaps close relations) raised the baby boy and ‘awarded’ him the family surname in place of that of his father?

 

When Betty left the music scene in the late 60’s her son would have been approaching his teenage years. She would then soon marry but her daughter, Christina would not arrive until about 1982, when Betty was in her early forties (this chronology is also based on the 2004 Amy Gold piece when Christina was said to be then merely 22 years of age and, according to the Cole interview published only a few months earlier, then attending university, married with a surname of Clemons and the mother of a young baby).

 

Anyway, what’s most important perhaps is Betty’s wonderful musical heritage and we should instead concentrate on that and how she came to take up secular singing.

 

Betty’s own father, a minister in the Pentecostal church, was the Rev. Rufus C. Crews, while her missionary (and later also Overseer/Miinister) mother was Winifred Crews. When Betty was about 3 years of age, her family - which included her non-musical brother Donnell but did not yet include her younger sister, Sybil Maria - moved from Orlando Fla. to Dothan in Alabama where her father took on new church responsibilities. Soon, he and his wife would become founders of Pentecostal Deliverance Ministries in both Dothan and Cottonwood.

 

Betty says her father had a loud tenor voice which could dominate his church and he was apparently also capable of hitting very high notes (an ability clearly his youngest daughter Sybil inherited). Indeed, it’s claimed he could play five instruments and had a three-octave vocal range. Unusually, he regularly indulged in the generally ‘white church’ vocal technique termed ‘Sacred Heart’, a form of accapella shape-note singing. However, it seems the Rev. Crews’ influence soon also became a magnet for touring black gospel stars, whose appearances he occasionally ‘promoted’ locally.

 

So it was no surprise that all of Betty’s early singing was done in church and, by the age of about 12, she had already fronted a choir supporting the big-voiced gospel star Brother Joe May, known as the ‘Thunderbolt of the Middle-West’. Betty would also meet the likes of Sister Rosetta Tharpe, Sam Cooke & the Soul Stirrers, The Dixie Hummingbirds, both groups of Blind Boys and the The Caravans, whom she idolised, although she soon realised harmony singing was not for her. Nor was the ‘gospel life’. She says: “I knew all of the gospel singers and I knew how they lived, and I just really didn't want to ... I didn't see myself making money. And (so) I went ‘secular’."

 

Betty left home at a very early age seeking that secular singing career. This was a huge and audacious step for a young girl from such a strict church background and clearly must have caused quite a ‘family split’ at the time. Betty says: “My parents were gospel preachers. I mean, my house was strict, very strict. They were holiness preachers, so you didn't play rhythm and blues in the house, they didn’t believe in that.”

 

Her parents remained in their church-dominated world in Alabama and in 2004 Betty reported that, although her father was by then deceased, her mother was then a fit 92 year-old ‘overseer’, still in charge of four Dothan churches. Sadly her mother too has since ‘passed’ and Betty, who had been looking after her, moved south temporarily to Atlanta for a few years from her Connecticut home so that her mother could spend her last days closer to the churches which she helped found.

 

Anyway, back in the 50’s, the brazen teenaged Betty headed off alone to far-flung New York to try to begin a singing career but first she took employment as a maid with a Long Island family thinking this would at least put a roof over her head (this was the ‘maid’ reference which later led to the false claims that Betty had held down just such a job with Big Maybelle, a singer whom she would not actually encounter for a year or two yet - see later). However, Betty says she wasn’t a maid for more than a week as she was offered a job singing at the nearby Celebrity Club in Freeport.

 

She was soon ‘discovered’ by J&S label-owner Zell Sanders, one of the few early black women entrepreneurs in the music biz. Zell got Betty to fill-in at a club she owned in Hempstead, Long Island, where she had just fired another girl singer. The show there at the time featured Johnnie & Joe, already with hits for Chess ‘under their belt’, Johnnie being Zell Sanders’ daughter, Johnnielouise Richardson, later of the Jaynetts.

 

Zell had then also recently fired virtually the entire Hearts vocal group who recorded for her J&S record label and, after failing to replace them en masse with another existing group, the Bouquets, she asked Betty to join with Mandy Hopper, Lezli and Mary Green, Ann King and earlier member Theresa Chatman to form a new incarnation of the Hearts.

 

Betty takes up the story: “I was too young to be away from home. So I left Long Island and went to live with (Zell). She became like a mother to me – very protective. I worked with the (Hearts) for a while and played some shows in New Jersey. I don’t remember the songs I recorded with them at all (she may have sung harmony on other recordings but Betty takes lead on just one side, namely the repetitive teen-slanted item “Like Later Baby”, released on J&S 1626 in October 1958, the flip of “I Want Your Love Tonight” – J&S 1627. The track is included on the 2006 UK Ace CDCHD 1089 release “Baby Washington And The Hearts”); but I was not cut out to be a group member. I wasn’t into harmony singing. When my spell with the Hearts finished, (Zell) took me all the way back home to Alabama; but she didn’t realise how determined to sing I was. Within a few weeks I was off again.”

 

It was some time after her return to the Big Apple that Betty would seek out the aptly-named powerhouse singer Big Maybelle, who was performing at Harlem’s famed Apollo Theater.

 

Betty says: “If you listen to Big Maybelle's voice, you get the idea that this is a big woman. When you listen to mine, you would think I was a big woman and I'm not. Never have been. And when I realized that that voice was about the closest thing to ‘me’ that I had heard, I went to see her at the Apollo (that was when I was around, oh I guess, maybe 19) and I sat through 3 or 4 shows. And the way she handled the audience, the way she sang, how she told jokes, the whole persona on stage fascinated me. So after the show I went back and I met her. I had a voice and some control, but I realized I needed more. I told her what I needed, and she allowed me to go on tour with her. I watched her night after night, and (during the) days she kept me in a mirror singing. She worked very hard with me until the time she felt I was ready to go on stage. Please let me say this. People pay a lot of money and spend years trying to get what I got from this woman. I want to thank Big Maybelle for her contributions to my career. I was not, repeat not, her maid. She was my teacher, my instructor and my coach. She was an entertainer that I really, really appreciated because she helped me when no one else would. I knew all about gospel. I knew what gospel singing was about, but when it came to R&B, I really didn't know the ropes.”

 

Anyway, it’s clear that Betty toured with Big Maybelle, taking lessons from her all the while, for some considerable time. This took her all over the States and at some point (some say after taking a break following the final show, in Chicago, of a nationwide Maybelle tour) she headed west to California where she cut her first solo 45 for Walter Douglas’ little-known Douglas label. Both of the featured songs were penned by Wilhelmina Clayton who, amongst other credits, wrote “So Little Time”, which Brook Benton would include on his 1964 Mercury MG 20886/SR 60886 album “Born To Sing The Blues”.

 

Sources vary about the date of Betty’s Douglas single and Betty herself doesn’t recall the details. 1960 is often given but if this particular visit to California was the same as the one during which she encountered the guy who would become her manager and would take her back to New York to introduce her to Bert Berns (see shortly), then the other, later date of 1962, often cited for this recording, would seem to be the more likely.

 

Betty’s release on Douglas 104 gave her own name greater prominence on the label than the company name itself. ListenYesterday’s Kisses is given ‘AA’ status while “Taking Care Of Business” gets just one ‘A’.

 

Betty’s voice had certainly matured since her Hearts ‘outing’ but the vocals seem in rather too high a register for complete comfort to my ear, although there is an assertive ‘attack’ to them somewhat akin to that on some of Etta James’ earlier work. The male back-up group seems competent enough (probably an established West Coast outfit) but, while the performances are not outstanding, they can certainly be regarded as ‘work in progress’.

 

Very little is known about the Douglas label or its owner but, with the Harris release being numbered 104, one assumes there must have been a few other releases. I did find a publishing-related web-site which linked Walter’s name and that of his publishing company (“Prolific”, which appears on the labels) to a Fort Worth, Texas residential address, so maybe he retired down there.

 

Anyway, if the record was cut in 1962 it would have been around this time - and in California - that Betty encountered Solomon Burke and his then manager Marvin Leonard ‘Babe’ Chivian.

 

Chivian (born 24 August 1925) was a Philadephia-based car repairer-dealer and property speculator who, in 1959 offered Burke a red Lincoln Continental convertible if he would let him be his manager. The originally-gospel-only-singing and also Philadelphia-raised Burke had earlier failed to get his secular career off to a start via Herb Abramson’s Triumph logo as, at that time (late 1958), he had found he was still contracted to his old gospel label, Apollo. However, it seems that by 1959 this obstacle was out of the way and Burke duly signed up with Chivian who arranged for the singer to record for the local Philly-based Singular label, owned by WPEN disc jockey Edwin L. "Larry" Brown and the aptly-named Canadian-born vocal coach, Artie Singer. However in November 1960, after two commercially unsuccessful Singular 45s (one of which, “This Little Ring”, Chivian had apparently co-penned), ‘Babe’, as he was most often called, was recommended by Billboard’s Paul Ackerman to take Burke to meet with Jerry Wexler and Ahmet Ertegun. This he did and Solomon duly moved to the Atlantic label where, by December 1961, he had been put (initially reluctantly) under the production of Bert Berns. Of course, Berns won Burke over by cutting him successfully on the producer’s own fine song “Cry To Me” (Atlantic 2131), a No.5 R&B/No.44 Pop hit for Solomon which charted through the Spring of 1962, a song which would soon of course play a big part in Betty’s career.

 

It seems Chivian (and presumably Burke too) were suitably impressed with Betty Harris’ potential and one can therefore see why, at this juncture, they would suggest she should go back with them to New York to audition specifically for Berns, although a pre-requisite was, of course, that Betty should first make ‘Babe’ Chivian her manager.

 

This was agreed and Betty duly returned to the Big Apple to meet with Berns, although at this time she would base herself in Philadelphia, probably because that was where ‘Babe’, her new manager, lived. Betty told David Cole: “Bert (Berns) was wonderful as far as I was concerned. He was the type of person you could easily work with, easily get to know.” Betty of course had heard Burke’s version of “Cry To Me” but told Berns she would have sung it ‘slower’ and with even more “expression and soul”. Berns asked her to sing it how she felt it and was so impressed that he called his arranger Garry Sherman down to work out a basic piano arrangement there and then.

 

The resultant July 1963 session was held at Bell Sound, New York before Betty had any kind of recording contract. The finished recording was achieved via the third ‘take’. The Sweet Inspirations (Cissy Houston, Dee Dee Warwick, Sylvia Shemwell and Estelle Brown) did back-ups, the sound also being beefed-up by some male singers, whom Betty recalls were from the Mitch Miller TV show. Although the label shows the recording to be a Leiber & Stoller Production, they were nowhere around and it was all down to Betty, Bert, Garry Sherman, a tight NY rhythm section, a white-shirt-and-bow-tie string section and the incomparable ‘Sweets’.

 

For the first time on record, Betty calls upon her gospel pedigree to obtain the depth of feeling and expression inherent in such an emotionally-worded song, turning Burke’s certainly very good, faster-paced soul performance into an altogether much slower, deeper and more telling experience. Betty says: “By being young I only had so much experience of pain, or what I considered ‘blues’ to be about, but I ‘felt’ the lyrics. I knew how to reach deep in my soul and bring out all the pain and disappointment I felt. All my childhood feelings and wants came out in ListenCry To Me. I wanted to give the world something I could feel.” And she certainly did that!

 

Berns had obviously spared no expense in bringing a top team together to obtain what he wanted from Betty and, in view particularly of his recent success for Atlantic with Burke, he hoped he would be able to lease his master to Jerry Wexler even if Chivian didn’t manage to actually get Betty signed to the label. However, in the event, Jerry ‘passed’, probably because his company had only just had a major hit with the song. So Bert offered it to Jerry Blaine at Jubilee, who snapped it up. Chivian also got Blaine to sign Betty to his label, the event being marked by a dinner in a swanky New York restaurant where Jerry Blaine’s son Steve gave Betty a French Poodle.

 

Betty’s superb reading of the song made No.10 R&B and No.23 Pop on Jubilee 5456, perhaps surprisingly a lower position than Burke’s more ‘commercial’ version in the Billboard R&B chart, yet a higher position in the usually more commercially-influenced Pop chart.

 

The overtly more ‘pop’, but still appealing Berns composition “I’ll Be A Liar” appeared on the flip.

 

Betty soon embarked on several promotional live performances and one such on 28 September 1963 (the very day of her record’s entry into the R&B chart) put her on a multi-act bill at San Francisco’s huge ‘Cow Palace’ auditorium, introduced by local Radio KWA dee-jays, Bob Mitchell and Tom Donahue.

 

Betty’s live version that day of ListenCry To Me in front of an orchestra conducted by Phil Spector was recorded by Autumn Records for their “Memories Of The Cow Palace” Autumn 101 LP (reissued in 1983 by Rhino on RNLP 105).

 

Vocally, Betty gives her hit-song 110 percent, although the band unsurprisingly does not compare favourably with the New York musicians on her studio recording and, in particular, includes a rather poor trumpet-player. However, I agree with a review of Betty’s performance, written at the time of the Rhino reissue, which commented: “It’s rawer than the single and shows what she must have sounded like on the chitlin’ circuit."

 

When it was time for Betty to record her follow-up to “Cry To Me” she embarked on what must have been two quite intensive sessions, both held on 13th November 1963, with most of the overdubs and editing carried out on 26th November. The side chosen for release on Jubilee 5465 was the Berns and Mike Stoller song “His Kiss” and this time Bert was actually credited on the label as producer despite reference once more to it being (nominally) a Leiber & Stoller production. The song is another slow-paced gospelly piece with almost a feel of Theola Kilgore’s “The Love Of My Man”. It’s another telling performance from Betty, as is the fine flip ListenIt’s Dark Outside, which I think is even better and also features some lovely churchy piano-playing. Despite “His Kiss” being the side that would ‘chart’, Billboard’s review concentrated on “It’s Dark Outside”.

 

“Mo Jo Hannah”, a Clarence Paul co-penned song first cut the previous year by the unfortunately-named Henry Lumpkin for Motown (1029), is a very pacy if slightly messy, swamp-soul opus which would appear as one side of Betty’s third Jubilee 45 (# 5480). This song would later be rather better recorded by Esther Phillips in February 1964 for her first Atlantic single (Atlantic 2229), a session which would also be arranged by Garry Sherman and feature the Sweets on back-ups. Others to cut the song would include Aaron Neville, The Intrigues and, in 1972, Tami Lynn for Cotillion and UK Mojo, although New Orleans native Tami had also cut a rather better version back in 1963 for the AFO organisation which saw release on an Opus 43 LP (OP 4303) and appears on the 1993 Ace CD “Gumbo Stew” (CDCHD 450).

 

Betty’s version was coupled on her third Jubilee single with an ultra-slow re-vamp of the 1947-first-published (and probably much older) New Zealand Maori ‘farewell song’ “Hearere Ra”, better known to English-speaking folk as “Now Is The Hour”. Those who remember the song as something of a ‘family favourite’ sung by friends and relatives at the end of a party or simply to someone heading off to pastures new, may find Betty and the Sweets’ deeply gospelised interpretation little more than a weird ‘novelty’ – personally I love it! After Betty’s rather uncertain opening melisma on the word ‘now’, she and the girls drench the song’s inherent schmaltz with some wonderful gospel-soul and make the departure of a loved one really sound like the sad occasion it usually was.

 

Jerry Blaine

Two unissued-at-the-time tracks were also recorded, one pretty good and one just throwaway pop to my ears. “Why Don’t You Tell Him” is a very pretty soul-ballad which sees Betty for the first (and probably only) time in ‘uptown sweet-soul’ mode – but she handles the style very well indeed and the result, which required some vocal overdubs from her as late as 25th May the following year, probably deserved release on a fourth Jubilee single, although it wasn’t to be. The awful unissued “Everybody’s Love” (aka “Just Like Mine”) with Betty’s vocal all but lost in front of a fast Bo Diddley beat and some uncharacteristically quasi-teen-girly singing from the Sweets, is best forgotten. This song had already been cut in 1961 as “Just Like Mine” by The Renaults on Wand 114.

 

Apart from her vocal overdubs to the one unissued track in May 1964, these November 1963 sessions would be Betty’s last for Berns and for Jubilee. “His Kiss” had at least made the Pop Hot 100, peaking at No.89 but sales to black R&B fans were not helped by Billboard ceasing to publish an R&B chart from the end of that very November (it wouldn’t be reintroduced until 23 January 1965). The record made No.74 on the Cashbox Pop chart and No.15 on their R&B listing.

 

Bert Berns

Jubillee would reissue “Cry To Me” and “I’ll Be A Liar” on #5658 in 1969 (when it would again make the R&B chart, peaking at No.44) and the next reissue of Betty’s Jubilee material would be on two 45s in the Virgo Golden Memories Series, “Cry To Me” being paired with a reissue of Joe Henderson’s “Snap Your Fingers” on Virgo 6014 in 1973, while two years later Virgo 6036 effectively reissued Jubilee 5465 by pairing Betty’s “His Kiss” with “It’s Dark Outside”.

 

Then in 1980 UK Charly’s “In The Saddle” CRB 1002 Harris set featured just two Jubilee sides, “Cry To Me” and “I’ll Be A Liar”. All the Jubilee material (including the unissued tracks) finally came together in 1998 on UK Westside’s fine “Soul Perfection Plus” CD (WESA 807), which also included some pre-take studio chat. 2005’s Australian Aim 1502 CD “The Lost Soul Queen – Soul Perfection Plus Rare Tracks” included just “Cry To Me” and “I’ll Be A Liar” of the Jubilee tracks.

 

Thinking back to these sessions, Betty admits that “Jubilee did not turn out as good as it should” and the main reason she cites is the loss of both her manager, ‘Babe’ Chivian and her producer Bert Berns. The ‘loss’ of Berns does not refer to his later untimely death on 30 December 1967 as this happened too late to have had any effect on Betty’s career but rather to his attention in the mid-60’s being on things other than Miss Betty Harris. We’ll come to that in a moment but first, what of her manager, ‘Babe’ Chivian?

 

Well, in October 1963 (a month before Betty had even undertaken her second set of sessions with Berns), ‘Babe’ Chivian was being “sought by the FBI as a material witness to illegal Cosa Nostra activities in Philadelphia” (to quote a news report of the time). Quite what degree of involvement this implies is unclear but even the phrase “being sought” suggests he wasn’t readily ‘coming forward’ and may even perhaps have ‘disappeared’ for a time. What does seem certain is that, at this juncture, his primary attention would not have been on Miss Harris (or even on Mr Solomon Burke).

 

Quite what happened to Chivian after this is also unclear. He may well have nominally retained his managerial role with Betty but he also certainly returned to Philly and to the auto trade as, some 8 years later, a 2nd October 1971 press report quoted the FBI as saying “the largest amount of forgery contraband ever seized in Philadelphia” had been discovered in Chivian’s office and that Chivian had been “charged with larceny, receiving stolen goods, counterfeiting, and ‘uttering’ and issuing forged ‘instruments’.” Much of this was connected with auto-licensing activities. Whether or not Chivian was tried and found guilty I have not discovered –but there probably wasn’t time as, within 3 months (according to Wikipedia), he would be dead, aged only 46.

 

The ’loss’ to Betty of Bert Berns’ attention clearly points to just how busy Bert was with other activities by late 1963 and how little time he was able to give to her. Throughout that year he had produced hits on UA for The Exciters and Garnet Mimms, had produced another hit for Baby Jane & The Rockabyes and had written hit material for the Four Pennies and The Rocky Fellers. He had also maintained the more-established Solomon Burke’s momentum for Atlantic with “Words”, “If You Need Me”, “Can’t Nobody Love You” and “You’re Good For Me”.

 

As the press was reporting Chivian’s problems in October of that year, Berns flew off to the UK for his first visit to Decca in London and must have returned only just in time for Betty’s second set of sessions in mid-November. Meanwhile Bert’s private life was keeping him busy too - he had met and fallen in love with fashion model and dancer Ilene Stuart, whom he would marry in 1964.

 

A probably now temporarily managerless Betty would wait in vain for Bert to produce a third set of sessions for Jubilee. His professional attention had now turned almost exclusively towards Atlantic. In March 1964 he would form his Keetch label to be distributed by Atlantic and then went on that year to write and produce lots of hits for Atlantic acts such as The Drifters, Solomon Burke, The Vibrations and LaVern Baker. In October of that year Bert was back in London to record Lulu and Them; then, with further big Atlantic successes on into 1965, Bert would form his Web IV publishing company in March of that year (‘Web’ for Wexler, the two Erteguns and Berns) before, in May, launching his own Bang label, named after the first names of the same four men.

 

It’s probably a shame that Betty did not get taken to Atlantic at this stage as Berns would probably have continued to record her, perhaps first for them and then maybe even for his own R&B subsidiary label, Shout; but I guess if that had happened, however good the results, we would then have been denied the fine body of work she was soon to ‘put down’ in New Orleans with Allen Toussaint.

 

Some sources say Betty apparently met Toussaint in New Orleans while on tour but a Harris-related web-site claims Toussaint caught her act at the Apollo and Betty herself told David Cole that she thought it was her manager (was it still Chivian or someone else?) who brought them together, the pair meeting in New York in mid-1965 to strike a deal before Betty flew down to New Orleans to record.

 

Toussaint and Marshall Sehorn were launching their then brand-new Sansu label and Betty would have the first release on it. The partnership between these two men (legalised via the Tou-Sea production company and the Marsaint publishing company) had actually begun with Lee Dorsey’s “Ride Your Pony”, which Marshall had taken to New York and leased to Larry Uttal for issue on Amy 927, the 45 becoming a hit just about the time Toussaint met up with Harris. However, wanting their own imprint, Allen and Marshall had then set up Sansu, whose offices in these early days were located on St. Phillip Street, while, for recording, use was probably made initially of Cosimo Matassa’s recently opened third studio, Jazz City, situated at 748 Camp Street (although Harris’ post-1967 recordings would have been cut either elsewhere in the Crescent City or possibly in Atlanta as it was in that year that the IRS seized Jazz City and all its contents from Matassa, with Toussaint and Sehorn not opening their own Sea-Saint Studio on Clematis Street until 1973, long after Harris had ceased recording).

 

So Jazz City is most likely where Betty Harris appeared in about August 1965 for her first Sansu session, which resulted in “I’m Evil Tonight” and “What A Sad Feeling” (Sansu 450), with the former track also seeing later reissue as one side of Sansu 466. Both songs were penned by Toussaint (using his mother’s maiden name of Naomi Neville) and Allen would not only arrange, produce and usually play on all of Betty’s Sansu (and one SSS-Int.) recordings but would also write all 20 of them too.

 

“I’m Evil Tonight” nicely combined an appealing semi-pop main riff with some meaningful and, at times, quite intense vocalising from Betty.

 

The original ‘plug-side’, though, was ListenWhat A Sad Feeling, a slower and altogether more dramatic opus. You can imagine Irma Thomas singing this one but, with no disrespect to the true Soul Queen of New Orleans, the ‘usurper’ from Dothan via the Big Apple makes such a fine job of this telling piece that there’s no need to imagine the song in anyone else’s hands; indeed, despite her several fine Jubilee sides, this track really marks the beginning of the recordings which turned Betty into the revered deep-soul 60’s legend she deservedly became. Commercially though, the 45 failed to return Betty to the charts.

 

Betty’s second trip to New Orleans was early in 1966. “Sometime” was a pleasant-enough fairly lay-back pop-soul ballad which Betty mainly sings in sweet-mode although she still manages to include some dramatic gospelly passages here and there. “I Don’t Wanna Hear It” was a rather brooding-sounding mid-to-up tempo piece with strong vocals from Betty, especially each time she sings in front of the back-up girls as they chant the title-line. Sadly, this pairing, issued on Sansu 452, also failed to make much impression saleswise.

 

Undeterred, Toussaint persevered and in about April 1966 Betty flew south again, this time to cut the potent, driving and funky Listen12 Red Roses, using exactly the same production techniques and male-back-up sound which was then bringing Toussaint and Sehorn big commercial success with Lee Dorsey. It’s a great ‘never-let-up’ opus with an irresistible Crescent City beat and some very tasty piano fills from Toussaint.

 

If that was good, ListenWhat’d I Do Wrong on the other side of Sansu 455 was something else! This was one of Betty’s ‘killer’ solo deep-soul outings for the label. Everything is right about this wonderful recording. The mournful brass backdrop, the terrific guitar fills and Toussaint’s beautiful bluesy piano passages which still allow the existence of an almost eerie sparseness, with no back-up singers (rightly) deemed necessary behind Betty’s emotion-soaked gospelly vocal. This is also great writing by Toussaint and no-one could ever have bettered Harris’ interpretation of his telling lyrics. The cut would also reappear as one side of Betty’s Sansu 478 release nearly two years later (see shortly).

 

Back in 1966, “12 Red Roses” should have easily made the US charts – but no, it didn’t. One wonders what kind of national promotion Betty’s 45 received as I can find no review or advertisement for it in Billboard, despite Sansu being distributed by New York’s Bell label. However, I have a feeling that most of Larry Uttal’s Toussaint/Sehorn-related promotion budget was being expended instead on Lee Dorsey’s product, as Lee was in the process of enjoying four straight Top 10 R&B hits on Utall’s own Amy imprint.

 

This theory is perhaps given support by the very obvious ‘Dorsey sound’ on Betty’s next Sansu 461 single, “Lonely Hearts”, cut in early 1967 but brought to a close by a weak and overly-long instrumental segment when what was clearly needed was at least another verse from Betty.

 

Slightly better was “Bad Luck”, a nice mid-pacer with not such an obvious Dorsey connection and offering a good superstitious tale of Betty being so prone to bad luck that even a four-leaf clover withered when it touched her hand!

 

Again the single flopped and Betty must have wondered if she was ever going to return to the charts; but, fortunately, her next Sansu outing finally achieved that very goal.

 

In mid-1967 Betty’s jet-hopping visits to New Orleans were renewed, yet the session produced only one known side, “Nearer To You”. Toussaint pared down the backing and Betty actually delivered a genuinely ‘deep’ vocal performance, the ‘commercial’ aspects of the arrangement being chiefly the overly sweet back-up chants and a rather cheesy organ. However, this combination of styles certainly did the trick as, despite a continuing lack of much press promotion, the song, coupled on Sansu 466 with a reissue of “I’m Evil Tonight”, made No.16 on Billboard’s R&B chart and No.85 on their Pop listing.

 

Betty’s new R&B hit may not have been a high-charter but it was a very steady seller, remaining in the listings from 15th July to 30th September and it would have been around August, when she was probably touring on the strength of it, that she joined up with James Carr and found herself moonlighting on one of his Goldwax recordings, “I’m A Fool For You” (#328). This was essentially a gently-rolling-rhythmed duet between the these two fine singers with James taking most of the lead lines and Betty answering his baritone with some quite high register responses. The record had appeal for sure and provided Betty with another hit, albeit she was unnamed on the label for contractual reasons. The recording would enter the charts on 23rd September, making No.42 R&B/No.97 Pop.

 

Betty explained her sortie with Carr thus: “We were travelling together and we sang all kinds of songs. I went with him (to his session and) on our way his guitar-player wrote this song for him. At the session we were goofing around with it, not doing anything for real, but it was taped and it sounded good. I called Marshall Sehorn about me being on it and he said ‘No’.”

 

So this was why Betty couldn’t be credited, even though, just like her own Sansu label, Goldwax was, at this time, also distributed by Larry Utall’s Bell organisation. According to Quinton Claunch’s recollections with Colin Dilnot, the recording itself was cut at Sam Phillips Studio in Memphis but the label writers’ credits feature not just James’ guitarist but no less than five top Memphis-related personalities, namely Dan Greer, Quinton Claunch, Earl Cage, George Jackson, and Rudolph Russell. Betty’s brief association with Carr would lead to yet another untrue rumour that she later became his road manager.

 

Anyway, both sides of Betty’s own ‘follow-up’ Sansu 45 were actually cut around August 1967 while “Nearer To You” was still charting and pretty close to the time of her encounter with Carr. “I’m Gonna Git Ya” returned Betty to the ‘Lee Dorsey’ format but, having said that, I find this slow but very ‘New Orleans-second line’ piece with its potent backbeat and girl group support to be really appealing.

 

However, the other side of Sansu 471, ListenCan’t Last Much Longer, was another Harris deep gem which rivalled even “What’d I Do Wrong” for top honours in those particular stakes. A pathos-inducing piano and then a brass fanfare introduce us to a fast-fading Betty (though not vocally!) who is such ‘a fool’ for her guy that she can’t put up much longer with the total disinterest he is now showing in her. The lyrics are so mournfully expressed one fears there could even be a potentially suicidal outcome for the girl rather than merely a reluctant acceptance of the inevitable ending of the relationship. It’s just a terrific piece of deep-soul.

 

For Betty’s next outing, Toussaint decided to pair her up with Lee Dorsey. This was probably merely an attempt to have some of Dorsey’s recent much bigger chart success rub off on Betty, although Betty referred to her duet with James Carr and surmised that “maybe that’s where the Lee Dorsey idea was born.”

 

The pair got together around October/November 1967 and the results were intriguing. “Love Lots Of Lovin’” was very much in the style Dorsey had been recently using and was a rather lightweight poppish piece, although both singers perform well enough, especially on the bridges between the main sections of the song. The crossover appeal was not enough though for major success, the record on Sansu 474 merely ‘bubbling under’ the Billboard Pop chart at No.110 for just the one week commencing 23rd December. One wonders what might have been if Amy had picked up the master and issued it effectively as a Lee Dorsey release.

 

However, the flip-side, ListenTake Care Of Our Love, was a superb piece of funereally-paced deep-soul – indeed I would go as far as to say that it’s probably the finest example from a male/female duo that I can recall. Lee Dorsey would not be a singer one would normally associate with deeply expressive singing but here he absolutely gives as good as he gets and what he gets from Betty is a staggeringly emotive response.

 

The empathy between the two singers seems stunningly good and yet Betty had reservations. She regarded the top-side (not unreasonably perhaps) as “definitely throwaway” but went on to say she didn’t like the other side either. She added: “I didn’t consider myself a double-singer but I had no say in the matter”. Betty, it seems, has always preferred to sing solo, although she was clearly more than happy to join vocally with James Carr.

 

Towards the end of 1967 Betty was preparing to go on a tour of Europe the following year with Otis Redding (an artist she had toured with before) but of course this would come to nought as a result of the Big O’s untimely death on 10 December.

 

Although Betty’s sporadic visits to record with Toussaint usually only resulted in two songs being recorded, it seems she managed three at her next session in early 1968, although, on this occasion only, there was a sizable gap between the master numbers of each of these recordings and it’s just possible there were actually three separate sessions. In any case, this session (or sessions) might well not have been in New Orleans as Cosimo’s Jazz City studio had now closed and, in addition to using other Crescent City studios, Toussaint and Sehorn also apparently did some recording in Atlanta. (However, when Betty herself recalled her Sansu years, she implied that she cut all her songs for Toussaint actually in New Orleans).

 

Anyway, the first song in the can was “Mean Man”, by far the funkiest record Betty had yet cut for Sansu which possibly introduced the use on her recordings of the Meters, whom Toussaint and Sehorn had by now more or less recruited as a ‘house-band’. The track was released on Sansu 478 with the older but wonderful “What’d I Do Wrong” re-used on the flip.

 

The other songs recorded allegedly at the same session were the mid-paced “Hook, Line n’ Sinker” on which Betty’s vocal is well up to its usual potent standard as she really tries to ‘sell’ what is, in truth, a fairly ‘average’ song; and “Show It”, a slightly pacier but rather mediocre item. These two were coupled on the very next Sansu release (#479).

 

By about June of ’68 it seems Toussaint was getting a bit desperate as to how to return Betty to the charts and he selected for her session at that time a revival of Lee Dorsey’s “Ride Your Pony” hit. I’m sure Betty’s heart would not have been in this one but as always her professionalism took over and she really delivers on what is a fine, funky foot-tapper, proving she could handle a driving piece of soul as well as anyone.

 

Some wonderful bass-lines introduce and underpin the very impressive other track cut at that time, namely ListenTrouble With My Lover. This is a rare case where mid-paced funky soul can also be very telling in the hands of a singer of the quality of Harris. For me, this is the best mid-to-uptempo side Betty cut for Sansu, along with “There’s A Break In the Road” (see shortly). Sadly, when released together on #480, neither of the mid-’68-recorded sides caused much of a stir saleswise.

 

There followed a longish gap in recording before Betty returned to Toussaint in about March of 1969. This is possibly due to the abandonement at that time of the Sansu label, only a couple of Art Neville singles having crept out after Betty’s last effort. The label would not be re-activated until the mid-70’s and the two sides Betty cut in ’69 were leased out for single release to Shelby Singleton’s SSS-International label.

 

As already implied, “There’s A Break In the Road” is a terrific piece of mid-paced Meters-led funky-soul, with Betty riding the potent riff in great style. I love the guitar-feedback that seems to have been deliberately featured here as it just adds ‘edge’ to what is almost a groundbreaking track for the late-60’s.

 

Conversely, the other track recorded for inclusion on the SSS-Int single is just one huge musical ‘mistake’ as far as I’m concerned. In about mid-’68, an artiste called Zilla Mayes (her surname more usually excluded the ‘e’) recorded a great Allen Toussaint song called “All I Want Is You” for one of Allen and Marshall’s subsidiary labels, Tou-Sea (#132). Zilla was older than Betty and, in addition to sporadically recording since 1951, she was also an Atlanta Radio dee-jay and gospel singer. Her 45 also had an excellent Toussaint song on the other side called “I Love You Still”.

 

Anyway, at her1969 (and last) session for Toussaint, Betty also cut a Toussaint song called “All I Want Is You” but this was a totally different, appalling tuneless ‘turkey’ of a song which sounded like it was destined for some third-class theatrical musical show. What’s more, if it really is Betty Harris trying to sing it (which I can barely believe), she has real trouble even holding what little there is of a tune and also struggles to hit some of the notes. This awful track should have been left to go mouldy on the cutting room floor.

 

This untypical Harris performance and Zilla Mayes’ amazing similarity to Betty’s more usual singing-style on her own very different song of the same name, would later completely ‘throw’ UK Charly Records whose 1980 “In The Saddle” CRB 1002 compilation would wrongly use Zilla’s recording in place of Betty’s, whilst crediting Betty on both the label and sleeve track-listing (aurally an absolutely understandable mistake).

 

It’s a great shame that such a wretched recording was the last side Betty would ever cut for Allen Toussaint as, overall, her body of work for him was outstanding. However, it seems that, although Betty clearly always gave of her professional best for Allen, she did not relate to him as well as she did to Bert Berns during her admittedly far fewer sessions with the New York producer.

 

Of her nearly 4 years of sporadic recording for Sansu, she agreed that “…the music was fantastic” but she clearly felt that she was not involved enough in the song-selection and recording process when she added: “All my sessions…were put together before I arrived…and some things were done after I left.”

 

Mind you, to be fair, with Betty simply flying in from the east coast to cut maybe no more than a couple of tracks and then flying home again as soon as possible, one can perhaps see how a writer, arranger and producer as adept as Allen Toussaint would want to have songs and maybe some rhythm tracks ready in advance of her arrival and then to arrange sweetening processes perhaps after her departure.

 

Musically, it’s clear Betty liked her ‘deeper’ work best when she concurred: “That was me, that’s just me. The faster stuff I did because you had to do it but lyrics have always meant a lot to me. Out of the things Allen did, I was in love with ‘Can’t Last Much Longer’ (and) ‘Nearer To You’. Some of his music was, like, very, very meaningful to me.” Us too, Betty!

 

Having cut 20 known tracks for Sansu, Betty might well have expected at least one album to have been issued by the label but – no, it was left to the UK to provide one.

 

Her earlier Jubillee material had seen scant coverage in the UK at the time (only “Cry To Me”/”I’ll Be A Liar” appearing there on UK Decca’s London American label #9796); however, EMI’s UK Stateside label did at least issue two singles of Sansu material, while a small UK label called Buffalo picked up just on the Dorsey-Harris two-sider.

 

Thanks to Sansu’s distribution by Bell, the first (close to contemporaneous) album releases anywhere of some of Harris’ Sansu recordings appeared on the revered UK various-artist 3LP set “Bell’s Cellar Of Soul” (issued separately on MBLL 102, 107 and 117, the first two albums appearing in 1968 and the third in 1969).

 

However, also in 1969, as Betty’s tenure with Sansu came to an end, a small UK label called Action put out what became for many years the definitive Betty Harris LP, still much sought-after and pricey, entitled “Soul Perfection” (ACLP 6007). This contained 16 of Betty’s Sansu outings (a large number of tracks for an LP in those days).

 

Action had been formed in 1968 by record-store owner, soul music magazine editor and later UK Contempo and US Ichiban owner John Abbey. It was distributed by Island Records and based at Music House, 12 Neasden Lane, London NW10. Action issued no less than 56 singles in the 1968-1969 period from many different chiefly US soul-related sources (including a pairing of Betty’s “Ride Your Pony” and “Trouble With My Lover” on ACT 4535), plus another 24 singles when the label was revived between 1971 and 1974. It also put out 12 albums, including Betty’s.

 

Regarding later Harris reissues, apart from the aforementioned 45s of Jubilee material by Jubilee itself (1969) and Virgo (1973 and 1975), it would be 1980 before UK Charly issued their also already-mentioned CRB 1002 Harris LP “In The Saddle”, another 16-tracker, although only 13 Harris Sansu sides were featured, as also included were both sides of Betty’s first Jubilee single and the Zilla Mayes recording of “All I Want Is You” masquerading as by Betty.

 

In the same year, UK Charly also issued a three-track black-and-white picture sleeve single featuring “Ride Your Pony”, “Trouble With My Lover” and “Nearer To You” (CTD 102).

 

The CD era saw the aforementioned 1998 “Soul Perfection Plus” comprehensive Harris collection from UK Westside (WESA 807), followed by the also already mentioned “The Lost Soul Queen – Soul Perfection Plus Rare Tracks” Australian AIM 1502 set from 2005.

 

After Betty ended her association with Allen Toussaint, she decided to give up major musical activity chiefly because she was tired of the almost endless touring, drab hotel rooms and living out of a suitcase. However, the exact chronology of her movements from this point right up until 1996/7 have so far never been satisfactorily clarified.

 

At some point she returned to Alabama about which she recalls: "I said I'd rather be broke and be happy, than to have money and be miserable. And with that in mind, I went back home to Alabama, and I knew that it was going to be hard because I had lived an upscale life.”

 

However, possibly after she had returned to her native State, it seems she moved to Miami where she performed just at one or two clubs before deciding to quit all forms of the music scene completely. She says: "Otis had passed, Bert had passed, ‘Babe’ had passed. I looked at this business and said maybe this is not what God wanted me to do. As much as I loved singing, I just did not find things in the world the way I thought they were. I had to find me.”

 

Betty went ‘back to school’ for a time to learn business studies, married, and settled with her new husband and son in Florida. Then, in about 1982, her daughter came along and she gave much of her life over to raising her. Betty says: “I guess God put my child in my life. My daughter Christina, I just did everything for her. I put her in pageants and parades. My daughter became the focus of my life.”

 

In addition to her family responsibilities, Betty still sang, but now only in churches and at community events, as she had done in Alabama in her childhood.

 

In 1996/7 she moved to Hartford, Connecticut, where she joined an Artists Collective and began giving singing lessons. It was here too that she put her daughter through high school, also temporarily spending some time in Atlanta during her mother’s final months.

 

Then in 2001, her daughter found several Betty Harris fan sites on the web, prompting the singer to join a soul mailing list to announce her whereabouts. Her re-emergence caused quite a stir in deep soul circles and this inspired Betty to consider the possibility of performing again. Indeed, by 2004 she was anticipating that the BBC in the UK would be making a film about her life and announcing her intention to co-produce a new CD slated to be cut in Boston starting September 6th and released that December. This was to have been in conjunction with Boston-based guitarist and producer Chris Stovall Brown. However, neither of these projects came to fruition and Betty finally resurfaced in the music world on April 17, 2005, when she played her first live gig in 35 years at a benefit at Weaver High School in Hartford, which her daughter, by then at college, had once attended. Just a few weeks after this, Harris performed at New Orleans’ legendary annual Ponderosa Stomp.

 

Later in 2005 she went to Melbourne, Australia where she played a Hurricane Katrina benefit gig at the city’s Prince Of Wales venue that raised more than $30,000 for the New Orleans Musicians Clinic. The Australian band was comprised of carefully chosen members of the local roots scene who had cut their teeth on early New Orleans soul, R&B and funk sounds, fronted by Andy Baylor on guitar.

 

Harris was so impressed with this band that she allegedly parted company with the Stovall Brown unit on her return to the States and re-visited Melbourne again in November 2006 to play once more with Baylor and co. at the Prince Of Wales and at the Queenscliff Music Festival. While ‘down under’ she also appeared on the television program "Rockwiz", where she sang "Cry to Me" solo and her old Lee Dorsey duet "Love Lots of Lovin'" with Australian singer John Paul Young.

 

It had been during her 2005 trip to Australia that a visit to Hound Dog's Bop Shop in West Melbourne had triggered a series of events that led to Harris obtaining the rights to her Sansu master tapes. When she was shown the AIM compilation CD of her work, her lawyer Fred Wilhelms III contacted the Australian label and asked them who had licensed Harris' music to them. The trail led to a company called Gulf Coast Music. Fred Wilhelms explained to Red Kelly that GCM had been the entity set up by the Federal court to handle Marshall Sehorn's music assets when he declared bankruptcy in the mid-90s as a result of several judgments against him for bootlegging the Chess catalogue. When approached, Wilhelms says GCM accepted Betty’s claim to the Sansu masters because there was no proof she had ever been paid royalties and the rights were duly transferred to her.

 

This was just in time, as pop diva Christina Aguilera had then only recently sampled Allen Toussaint’s Harris-recorded song “Nearer To You” as part of her “Understand” track from her “Back To Basics” album, which had then already sold 2 million copies worldwide.

 

So, finally, not only was Harris' soul legacy being recognised but she would also receive some long-overdue and well-deserved financial reward for her past endeavours. In 2006, Betty commented: "I was angry because I did all of that work and didn't get anything for it. Normally you would get paid for studio time - I didn't even get that. It was a very hurtful time in my life. I thought what I was doing was worth a lot more than that. But you have to move on, so I got out of show business, went back to school, and I married and had kids. I refused to be labelled as a has-been in this business. I've always been a very determined person, to try and make the best of any situation. I've learnt that if you wait long enough, it's bound to come to you. I was able to get all my masters back from Sansu. We went to Nashville and I had them digitally redone and before too long we’re going to release them”.

 

It was also suggested that some of the songs Betty obtained have never yet seen reissue and so these would therefore have to be unissued Sansu Harris recordings. To my knowledge some 4 separate reissue compilations have appeared between 2006 and 2011 (see cover shots nearby), two of them, “Soul Cuts” (28 tracks on Master Classics) and “Selected Hits” (16 tracks on Charly) apparently being for MP3 download only, while the other two, “Greatest Hits” (15 tracks on Platinum Records) and “”Lonely Hearts” (16 tracks on Jukebox Entertainment) were also made available on CD. I am not aware of the inclusion on any of these releases of ‘new’ titles from Betty’s past recording history, although it seems the “Lonely Hearts” set did include 2 versions of “I Don’t Want To Hear It”.

 

2007 was another busy year for Betty, including an appearance at the "Porretta Soul Festival" in Italy before travelling on to make her French debut at the Perigueux New Orleans Music Festival that August. Betty would be back home in time for the release in November of her long-awaited ‘come back’ CD “Intuition”, but what a disappointment it proved to be. She had signed a deal with Jon Tiven to produce it in Nashville for his Evidence label (# ECD 26135-2) but, despite one or two names from the soul past like Jerry Ragovoy, Don Covay and Freddie Scott having some marginal input, and despite Betty herself being in fine voice, most of the songs had no soulful content at all, running closer to modern country-blues in style (the best is a moving tale of domestic violence entitled “She Stays On” which has a very Swamp Dogg feel to it). Tiven would produce the same level of mediocrity on his two Evidence CDs the following year featuring two more soul legends, Garnet Mimms and Howard Tate (whose earlier Ragovoy-produced “Rediscovered” Private Music/BMG CD in 2004 had been much better). In my opinion, Tiven simply failed to major on the great expressive vocal talents who had come his way.

 

If you want to hear just how soulfully emotive Betty could have been with the right material, then go here to catch a 1 min 52 sec. clip of her singing part of her “Cry To Me” rendition at the Porretta Terme festival in the same year her CD emerged. Allowing for the ‘iffy’ sound, one can soon tell that Betty could still sing deeply and impressively and it’s a shame that the clip cuts off abruptly for some reason well before the performance is finished. Tiven should have been watching and listening and, whilst one can understand that neither he nor Betty would have wanted a CD merely full of re-vamped old soul favourites, at least more of the modern songs could have been given a soulful feel.

 

Since 2007 Betty has also visited Spain, Italy, France once again, Australia twice more and has appeared at New York’s Lincoln Center.

 

With her daughter now married and having produced a grandchild, Betty has since based herself in another Connecticut city, Middletown. In January 2012, the local paper reported that, after all her touring, she was now ready to play “where she lives”, with a new band of her own, The Breaking News, which included musical director Tony Cafiero of Guilford on keyboards and Tom Smith of Cheshire on drums, these English-sounding cities actually being in Connecticut of course. Betty said: “Out of all this time that I’ve played, I’ve never had my own group, my own band, and I’ve found that to be an excellent experience; to have guys who rehearse with you, they know what you’re going to do. To have someone that has sat down and worked it out and is not just playing a chart. ... it’s really nice.”

 

Betty and her band played a ‘tune-up’ gig in December 2011 at The Cypress Restaurant in Middletown and on 7th January 2012 they played a bona fide $30-at-the-door Soul & Funk concert at Trinity-on-Main, a former church in New Britain that’s now a local cultural and performing arts center.

 

It’s nice to know that a great performer from the classic soul era is still ‘on song’ and entertaining the masses. Long may it be so.

 

UPDATE ~ On Saturday July 21st, 2012 Betty gave a radio interview on Station WRTC-FM out of Hartford, Connecticut (near her own present home). A few interesting observations emerged which add a little more info. to that contained in the main article.

 

Betty confirmed her high regard for Bert Berns. She said her “Cry To Me” session at Bell Sound took just 3 takes, the shortest session she ever had, although Berns was a person who “knew what he wanted to hear” and apparently, at a later session for him, another of Betty’s songs would see her made to sing 33 takes. She had nothing but praise too for the Sweet Inspirations who linked into “Cry To Me” so easily with only a minimum of discussion between them about what they were going to do.

 

On her 1967 3-month gruelling road-tour with the Otis Redding Review, she notes that they started off at the Apollo with 18 acts on the bill, including Johnnie Taylor and Bettye Swann (though neither she nor the generally knowledgeable dee-jay could remember Bettye’s surname!) She found Otis to be quiet, focused but not pushy, serious about what he did, a businessman but also a guy who could just be himself and didn’t worry about other acts maybe being in competition with him in any way.

 

Re her Sansu recording “Love Lot’s Of Loving” with Lee Dorsey, she confirms this was not a true duet in that Dorsey’s vocal and much, if not all of the backing track had already been cut by Allen Toussaint before Betty hit the Big Easy and Betty merely added her own vocal to the proceedings. Betty comments that she actually preferred the way she cut her Sansu tracks (by adding vocals to existing backing-tracks) to cutting ‘live’ in the studio. She maintained this allowed her to be more creative regarding her vocal before it got added into the mix. It was also made clear that Betty was already living in Miami during the time of her Sansu tracks and she was flying into New Orleans from there (not New York) for mainly 2-week periods to cut her sessions with Toussaint (some four weeks for her first ones).

 

Re her “Nearer To You” Sansu track, she confirms that, when she arrived to cut her vocal, there was very little already laid down, namely just a basic Toussaint piano track plus a bass. She left New Orleans of course before Toussaint mixed the final track and was amazed when, back in Miami, she heard the finished product with all the overdubs etc and barely recognised the piece.

 

When the dee-jay played Betty’s “A Bible And A Beer” from her 2007 Evidence CD, “Intuition”, Betty commented that her preacher-mother would not have approved of that title as she used to say to her when she was a younger secular soul singer: “That’s not the way God wants you to live”. It’s also clear that Betty shares my own view about this particular CD – basically she doesn’t rate it and doesn’t consider it to showcase “the real Betty Harris”.

 

When she first began her legal processes to recover her rights to her Sansu recordings - via her first lawyer Fred Wilhelms (now sadly deceased after contracting pancreatic cancer) - she was having a pretty rough time, as she says that was soon after she had lost both her mother and her husband.

 

While talking about her currently on-going legal action against Sony over Christine Aguilera’s sampling of her “Nearer To You” track, it was made pretty clear that she apparently regards all four of the reissue Harris CDs shown in the montage picture near the end of the main article as unlicensed and may well be bringing further actions against those responsible for these particular releases.

     

French postcard by Editions P.I., no. 742. Photo: Paramount, 1956.

 

American actress Shirley MacLaine (1934) is among Hollywood's most unique stars. With her auburn hair cut impishly short, she made her film debut in Hitchcock's black comedy The Trouble With Harry (1955). She earned Oscar nominations for Some Came Running (1959), for Billy Wilder's The Apartment, and for Irma La Douce (1963). Later triumphs included Sweet Charity! (1969), The Turning Point (1977), Being There (1979) and Terms of Endearment (1983). And she's still going strong.

 

Shirley MacLaine was born Shirley MacLean Beaty in 1934 in Richmond, USA. She was the daughter of drama coach and former actress Kathlyn MacLean Beaty and Ira O. Beaty, a professor of psychology and philosophy. Her younger brother, Warren Beatty, also grew up to be an important Hollywood figure as an actor/director/producer and screenwriter. MacLaine took dance lessons from age two, first performed publicly at age four, and at 16 went to New York, making her Broadway debut as a chorus girl in Me and Juliet (1953). When not scrambling for theatrical work, MacLaine worked as a model. Her big break came in 1954 when she was understudying Broadway actress Carol Haney in The Pajama Game. Haney fractured her ankle, MacLaine replaced her and was spotted, and offered a movie contract by producer Hal Wallis. Her film debut was Alfred Hitchcock's black comedy The Trouble With Harry (1955). Later that year, she co-starred opposite Dean Martin and Jerry Lewis in the comedy Artists and Models (Frank Tashlin, 1955). In her next feature, Around the World in 80 Days (Michael Anderson, 1956), she appeared as an Indian princess. The film was completed not too long before her daughter, Sachi Parker (born Stephanie), was born. Father was her husband Steve Parker, whom she had married in 1954 and would divorce in 1982.

 

Shirley MacLaine earned her first Oscar nomination for her portrayal of a pathetic tart who shocks a conservative town by showing up on the arm of young war hero Frank Sinatra in Some Came Running (Vincente Minnelli, 1959). She then got the opportunity to show off her long legs and dancing talents in Can-Can (Walter Lang, 1960). Prior to that, she appeared in a bit part with Rat Packers Frank Sinatra, Dean Martin, Sammy Davis Jr., and Peter Lawford in Oceans Eleven (Lewis Milestone, 1960). MacLaine, the only female member of the famed group, would later recount her experiences with them in her seventh book My Lucky Stars. In 1960, she won her second Oscar nomination for Billy Wilder's comedy/drama The Apartment, and the third nomination for Irma La Douce (Billy Wilder, 1963), both opposite Jack Lemmon. MacLaine's career was in high gear during the 1960s, with her appearing in everything from dramas to madcap comedies to musicals such as What a Way to Go! (J. Lee Thompson, 1964) and Bob Fosse's Sweet Charity! (1969). In addition to her screen work, she actively participated in Robert Kennedy's 1968 presidential campaign and served as a Democratic Convention delegate. She was similarly involved in George McGovern's 1972 campaign.

 

Bored by sitting around on movie sets all day awaiting her scenes, Shirley MacLaine started writing down her thoughts and was thus inspired to add writing to her list of talents. She published her first book, Don't Fall Off the Mountain in 1970. She next tried her hand at series television in 1971, starring in the comedy Shirley's World (1971-72) as a globe-trotting photographer. The role reflected her real-life reputation as a world traveller, and these experiences resulted in her second book Don't Fall Off the Mountain and the documentary The Other Half of the Sky - A China Memoir (1975) which she scripted, produced, and co-directed with Claudia Weill. MacLaine returned to Broadway in 1976 with a spectacular one-woman show A Gypsy in My Soul, and the following year entered a new phase in her career playing a middle-aged former ballerina who regrets leaving dance to live a middle-class life in The Turning Point (Herbert Ross, 1977). It meant her fourth Best Actress Oscar nomination. MacLaine was also memorable starring as a lonely political wife opposite Peter Sellers' simple-minded gardener in Being There (Hal Asby, 1979), but did not again attract too much attention until she played the over-protective, eccentric widow Aurora Greenway in Terms of Endearment (James L. Brooks, 1983). After 20 years in the film industry, she finally took home the Best Actress Oscar for this role. In 1983, she also published the candid Out on a Limb, bravely risking public ridicule by describing her experiences and theories concerning out-of-body travel and reincarnation.

 

Shirley MacLaine's film appearances were sporadic through the mid-'80s, although she did appear in a few television specials. In 1988, she came back strong with three great roles in Madame Sousatzka (John Schlesinger, 1988), Steel Magnolias (Herbert Ross, 1989), and particularly Postcards from the Edge (Mike Nichols, 1990), in which she played a fading star clinging to her own career while helping her daughter (Meryl Streep), a drug-addicted, self-destructive actress. Through the '90s, MacLaine specialized in playing rather crusty and strong-willed eccentrics, such as her title character in the comedy Guarding Tess (Hugh Wilson, 1994). In 1997, MacLaine stole scenes as a wise grande dame who helps pregnant, homeless Ricki Lake in Mrs. Winterbourne (Richard Benjamin, 1997), and the same year revived Aurora Greenway in The Evening Star (Robert Harling, 1997), the critically maligned sequel to Terms of Endearment. MacLaine's onscreen performances were few and far between in the first half of the next decade, but in 2005 she returned in relatively full force, appearing in three features. She took on a pair of grandmother roles in the comedy-dramas In Her Shoes (Curtis Hanson, 2005) and Rumor Has It... (Rob Reiner, 2005), and was a perfect fit for the part of Endora in the big-screen take on the classic sitcom Bewitched (Nora Ephron, 2005). In the coming years, McLaine would continue to give critically acclaimed performances in movies like Coco Chanel (Christian Duguay, 2008), Valentine's Day, (Garry Marshall, 2010), and Bernie (Richard Linklater, 2011). For a long time, MacLaine did seminars on her books, but in the mid-'90s stopped giving talks, claiming she did not want "to be anyone's guru." She does, however, continue writing and remains a popular writer. For 2015, four new films with her are announced or in pre-production.

 

Sources: AllMovie, Wikipedia, and IMDb.

 

And, please check out our blog European Film Star Postcards.

A Monk In Mourning.

(Linoleum Cut).

High a top a mountain.

One would think a monk,

would be without troubles,

or worries.

Some of that may be true,

but no matter how far he goes,

to get away,

from the

(Madness of the World)!

thoughts of the past,

or the present.

Even effects monks far away,

from the world,

sometimes,

even more so.

Steve.D.Hammond.

Italian postcard by Bromofoto, Milano, no. 1213. Photo: Edizioni Economiche Romana.

 

Donna Reed (1921-1986) was an American film, television actress, and producer. Her career spanned more than 40 years, with performances in more than 40 films. She is well known for her role as Mary Hatch Bailey in It's a Wonderful Life (Frank Capra, 1946). She received the Oscar for Best Supporting Actress for her role as Lorene Burke in the war drama From Here to Eternity (Fred Zinnemann, 1953). Reed is also known as Donna Stone, a middle-class American mother, and housewife in the sitcom The Donna Reed Show (1958–1966).

 

Donna Reed was born Donna Belle Mullenger on a farm near Denison, Iowa, in 1921. She was the daughter of Hazel Jane and William Richard Mullenger. The eldest of five children, she was raised as a Methodist. In 1936, while she was a sophomore at Denison (Iowa) High School, her chemistry teacher Edward Tompkins gave her the book How to Win Friends and Influence People. Upon reading it she won the lead in the school play, was voted Campus Queen, and was in the top 10 of the 1938 graduating class. After graduating from Denison High School, she decided to move to California to attend Los Angeles City College on the advice of her aunt. While attending college, she performed in various stage productions, although she had no plans to become an actress. After receiving several offers to screen test for studios, Reed eventually signed with MGM. Reed made her film debut in The Get-Away (Edward Buzzell, 1941). She had a support role in Shadow of the Thin Man (W. S. Van Dyke, 1941) and in Wallace Beery's The Bugle Sounds (S. Sylvan Simon, 1942). Like many starlets at MGM, she played opposite Mickey Rooney in an Andy Hardy film, in her case the hugely popular The Courtship of Andy Hardy (George B. Seitz, 1942). Reed starred in the drama Calling Dr. Gillespie (Harold S. Bucquet, 1942), featuring Lionel Barrymore, and Apache Trail (Richard Thorpe, 1942). Then she did a thriller with Edward Arnold, Eyes in the Night (Fred Zinnemann, 1942). Reed had a support role in The Human Comedy (Clarence Brown, 1943) with Mickey Rooney, a big film for MGM. She was one of many MGM stars to make cameos in Thousands Cheer (George Sidney, 1943). Produced at the height of the Second World War, the film was intended as a morale booster for American troops and their families. Her "girl-next-door" good looks and warm onstage personality made her a popular pin-up for many GIs during World War II. She personally answered letters from many GIs serving overseas. She was in the Oscar Wilde adaptation The Picture of Dorian Gray (Albert Lewin, 1945) and played a nurse in John Ford's They Were Expendable (1945), opposite John Wayne. MGM was very enthusiastic about Reed's prospects at this time. Reed was top-billed in a romantic comedy Faithful in My Fashion (Sidney Salkow, 1946) with Tom Drake which lost money. MGM lent her to RKO Pictures for the role of Mary Bailey in Frank Capra's It's a Wonderful Life. The film has since been named as one of the 100 best American films ever made by the American Film Institute and is regularly aired on television during the Christmas season. Back at MGM, she appeared in Green Dolphin Street (Victor Saville, 1947) with Lana Turner and Van Heflin. It was a big hit. Reed was borrowed by Paramount to make two films with Alan Ladd, Beyond Glory (John Farrowm 1948), where she replaced Joan Caulfield at the last moment, and the Film Noir Chicago Deadline (Lewis Allen, 1949). In 1949 she expressed a desire for better roles.

 

In 1950, Donna Reed signed a contract with Columbia Studios.[ She appeared in two Film Noirs which teamed her with John Derek, Saturday's Hero (David Miller, 1951), and Scandal Sheet (Phil Karlson, 1952). Reed was the love interest of Randolph Scott in the Western Hangman's Knot (Roy Huggins, 1952), then was borrowed by Warner Bros for the comedy Trouble Along the Way (Michael Curtiz, 1953) with John Wayne. She was loaned out to play John Payne's love interest in Raiders of the Seven Seas (Edward Small, 1953). Reed played the role of Alma "Lorene" Burke, the girlfriend of Montgomery Clift's character, in the World War II drama From Here to Eternity (Fred Zinnemann, 1953). The role earned Reed an Oscar for Best Supporting Actress for 1953. The qualities of her parts did not seem to improve: she was the love interest in The Caddy (Norman Taurog, 1953) with Dean Martin and Jerry Lewis at Paramount; the Western Gun Fury (Raoul Walsh, 1953) with Rock Hudson; and the Western Three Hours to Kill (Alfred L. Werker, 1954) with Dana Andrews. Reed returned to MGM to act in the romantic drama The Last Time I Saw Paris (Richard Brooks, 1954) with Elizabeth Taylor. Reed began guest-starring on television shows such as The Ford Television Theatre, Tales of Hans Anderson, General Electric Theater, and Suspicion. She continued to appear in features, usually as the love interest, in The Benny Goodman Story (1956) with Steve Allen, playing Goodman's wife; Ransom! (1956) as Glenn Ford's wife; the Western Backlash (1956), with Richard Widmark. In Kenya, she filmed Beyond Mombasa (1957), with Cornel Wilde. She was injured while making the film. In England, she shot The Whole Truth (1958), with Stewart Granger. From 1958 to 1966, Reed starred in The Donna Reed Show, a television series produced by her then-husband, Tony Owen. The show featured her as Donna Stone, the wife of pediatrician Alex Stone (Carl Betz) and mother of Jeff (Paul Petersen) and Mary Stone (Shelley Fabares). Reed was attracted to the idea of being in a comedy, something with which she did not have much experience. She also liked playing a wife. The show ran for eight seasons. Reed won a Golden Globe Award and earned four Emmy Award nominations for her work on the series. Later in her career, Reed replaced Barbara Bel Geddes as Miss Ellie Ewing Farlow in the 1984–1985 season of the television melodrama Dallas. When she was abruptly fired upon Bel Geddes' decision to return to the show, she sued the production company for breach of contract. From 1943 to 1945, Donna Reed was married to make-up artist William Tuttle. After they divorced, in 1945 she married producer Tony Owen. They raised four children together: Penny Jane, Anthony, Timothy, and Mary Anne (the two older children were adopted). After 26 years of marriage, Reed and Owen divorced in 1971. Three years later, Reed married Grover W. Asmus, a retired United States Army colonel. They remained married until her death in 1986. Donna Reed died of pancreatic cancer in Beverly Hills, California, in 1986, 13 days shy of her 65th birthday. Her remains are interred in the Westwood Village Memorial Park Cemetery in Los Angeles.

 

Sources: Wikipedia and IMDb.

 

And, please check out our blog European Film Star Postcards.

French postcard in the Collection Cinéma by Editions La Malibran, Paris, no. CA 53, 1989. Photo: Boris Karloff and Elsa Lanchester in Bride of Frankenstein (James Whale, 1935).

 

British actor Boris Karloff (1887-1969) is one of the true icons of the Horror cinema. He portrayed Frankenstein's monster in Frankenstein (1931), Bride of Frankenstein (1935), and Son of Frankenstein (1939), which resulted in his immense popularity. In the following decades he worked in countless Horror films, but also in other genres, both in Europe and Hollywood.

 

Boris Karloff was born as William Henry Pratt in 1887 in London, England. Pratt himself stated that he was born in Dulwich, which is nearby in London. His parents were Edward John Pratt, Jr. and his third wife Eliza Sarah Millard. ‘Billy’never knew his father. Edward Pratt had worked for the Indian Salt Revenue Service, and had virtually abandoned his family in far off England. Edward died when his son was still an infant and so Billy was raised by his mother. He was the youngest of nine children, and following his mother's death was brought up by his elder brothers and sisters. As a child, Billy performed each Christmas in plays staged by St. Mary Magdalene's Church. His first role was that of The Demon King in the pantomime Cinderella. Billy was bow-legged, had a lisp, and stuttered. He conquered his stutter, but not his lisp, which was noticeable throughout his career in the film industry. After his education at private schools, he attended King's College London where he took studies aimed at a career with the British Government's Consular Service. However, in 1909, the 22-years-old left university without graduating and sailed from Liverpool to Canada, where he worked as a farm labourer and did various odd itinerant jobs. In Canada, he began appearing in theatrical performances, and chose the stage name Boris Karloff. Later, he claimed he chose ‘Boris’ because it sounded foreign and exotic, and that ‘Karloff’ was a family name. However, his daughter Sara Karloff publicly denied any knowledge of Slavic forebears, Karloff or otherwise. One reason for the name change was to prevent embarrassment to his family. He did not reunite with his family until he returned to Britain to make The Ghoul (T. Hayes Hunter, 1933), opposite Cedric Hardwicke. Karloff was extremely worried that his family would disapprove of his new, macabre claim to world fame. Instead, his brothers jostled for position around him and happily posed for publicity photographs. In 1911, Karloff joined the Jeanne Russell Company and later joined the Harry St. Clair Co. that performed in Minot, North Dakota, for a year in an opera house above a hardware store. Whilst he was trying to establish his acting career, Karloff had to perform years of difficult manual labour in Canada and the U.S. in order to make ends meet. He was left with back problems from which he suffered for the rest of his life. In 1917, he arrived in Hollywood, where he went on to make dozens of silent films. Some of his first roles were in film serials, such as The Masked Rider (Aubrey M. Kennedy, 1919), in Chapter 2 of which he can be glimpsed onscreen for the first time, and The Hope Diamond Mystery (Stuart Paton, 1920). In these early roles, he was often cast as an exotic Arabian or Indian villain. Other silent films were The Deadlier Sex (Robert Thornby, 1920) with Blanche Sweet, Omar the Tentmaker (James Young, 1922), Dynamite Dan (Bruce Mitchell, 1924) and Tarzan and the Golden Lion (J.P. McGowan, 1927) in which James Pierce played Tarzan. In 1926 Karloff found a provocative role in The Bells (James Young, 1926), in which he played a sinister hypnotist opposite Lionel Barrymore. He worked with Barrymore again in his first sound film, the thriller The Unholy Night (Lionel Barrymore, 1929).

 

A key film which brought Boris Karloff recognition was The Criminal Code (Howard Hawks, 1931), a prison drama in which he reprised a dramatic part he had played on stage. With his characteristic short-cropped hair and menacing features, Karloff was a frightening sight to behold. Opposite Edward G. Robinson, Karloff played a key supporting part as an unethical newspaper reporter in Five Star Final (Mervyn LeRoy, 1931), a film about tabloid journalism which was nominated for the Oscar for Best Picture. Karloff's role as Frankenstein's monster in Frankenstein (James Whale, 1931), based on the classic Mary Shelley book, propelled him to stardom. Wikipedia: “The bulky costume with four-inch platform boots made it an arduous role but the costume and extensive makeup produced the classic image. The costume was a job in itself for Karloff with the shoes weighing 11 pounds (5 kg) each.” The aura of mystery surrounding Karloff was highlighted in the opening credits, as he was listed as simply "?." The film was a commercial and critical success for Universal, and Karloff was instantly established as a hot property in Hollywood. Universal Studios was quick to acquire ownership of the copyright to the makeup format for the Frankenstein monster that Jack P. Pierce had designed. A year later, Karloff played another iconic character, Imhotep in The Mummy (Karl Freund, 1932). The Old Dark House (James Whale, 1932) with Charles Laughton, and the starring role in MGM’s The Mask of Fu Manchu (Charles Brabin, 1932) quickly followed. Steve Vertlieb at The Thunder Child: “Wonderfully kinky, the film co-starred young Myrna Loy as the intoxicating, yet sadistic Fah Lo See, Fu Manchu's sexually perverse daughter. Filmed prior to Hollywood's infamous production code, the film joyously escaped the later scrutiny of The Hayes Office, and remains a fascinating example of pre-code extravagance.” These films all confirmed Karloff's new-found stardom. Horror had become his primary genre, and he gave a string of lauded performances in 1930s Universal Horror films. Karloff reprised the role of Frankenstein's monster in two other films, the sensational Bride of Frankenstein (James Whale, 1935) and the less thrilling Son of Frankenstein (Rowland V. Lee, 1939), the latter also featuring Bela Lugosi. Steve Vertlieb about Bride oif Frankenstein: “Whale delivered perhaps the greatest horror film of the decade and easily the most critically acclaimed rendition of Mary Shelley's novel ever released. The Bride of Frankenstein remains a work of sheer genius, a brilliantly conceived and realized take on loneliness, vanity, and madness. The cast of British character actors is simply superb.” While the long, creative partnership between Karloff and Lugosi never led to a close friendship, it produced some of the actors' most revered and enduring productions, beginning with The Black Cat (Edgar G. Ullmer, 1934). Follow-ups included The Raven (Lew Landers, 1935), the rarely seen, imaginative science fiction melodrama The Invisible Ray (Lambert Hillyer, 1936), and The Body Snatcher (Robert Wise, 1945). Karloff played a wide variety of roles in other genres besides Horror. He was memorably gunned down in a bowling alley in Howard Hawks' classic Scarface (1932) starring Paul Muni.. He played a religious First World War soldier in John Ford’s epic The Lost Patrol (1934) opposite Victor McLaglen. Between 1938 and 1940, Karloff starred in five films for Monogram Pictures, including Mr. Wong, Detective (William Nigh, 1938). During this period, he also starred with Basil Rathbone in Tower of London (Rowland V. Lee, 1939) as the murderous henchman of King Richard III, and with Margaret Lindsay in British Intelligence (Terry O. Morse, 1940). In 1944, he underwent a spinal operation to relieve his chronic arthritic condition.

 

Boris Karloff revisited the Frankenstein mythos in several later films, taking the starring role of the villainous Dr. Niemann in House of Frankenstein (Erle C. Kenton, 1944), in which the monster was played by Glenn Strange. He reprised the role of the ‘mad scientist’ in Frankenstein 1970 (Howard W. Koch, 1958) as Baron Victor von Frankenstein II, the grandson of the original creator. The finale reveals that the crippled Baron has given his own face (i.e., Karloff's) to the monster. From 1945 to 1946, Boris Karloff appeared in three films for RKO produced by Val Lewton: Isle of the Dead (Mark Robson, 1945), The Body Snatcher (Robert Wise, 1945), and Bedlam (Mark Robson, 1946). Karloff had left Universal because he thought the Frankenstein franchise had run its course. Karloff was a frequent guest on radio programs. In 1949, he was the host and star of the radio and television anthology series Starring Boris Karloff. In 1950, he had his own weekly children's radio show in New York. He played children's music and told stories and riddles, and attracted many adult listeners as well. An enthusiastic performer, he returned to the Broadway stage in the original production of Arsenic and Old Lace (1941), in which he played a homicidal gangster enraged to be frequently mistaken for Karloff. In 1962, he reprised the role on television with Tony Randall and Tom Bosley. He also appeared as Captain Hook in the play Peter Pan with Jean Arthur. In 1955, he returned to the Broadway stage to portray the sympathetic Bishop Cauchon in Jean Anouilh's The Lark. Karloff regarded the production as the highlight of his long career. Julie Harris was his co-star as Joan of Arc in the celebrated play, recreated for live television in 1957 with Karloff, Harris and much of the original New York company intact. For his role, Karloff was nominated for a Tony Award. Karloff donned the monster make-up for the last time for a Halloween episode of the TV series Route 66 (1962), which also featured Peter Lorre and Lon Chaney, Jr. In the 1960s, Karloff appeared in several films for American International Pictures, including The Comedy of Terrors (Jacques Tourneur, 1963) with Vincent Price and Peter Lorre, The Raven (Roger Corman, 1963), The Terror (Roger Corman, 1963) with Jack Nicholson, and Die, Monster, Die! (Daniel Haller, 1965). Another project for American International release was the frightening Italian horror classic, I tre volti della paura/Black Sabbath (Mario Bava, 1963), in which Karloff played a vampire with bone chilling intensity. He also starred in British cult director Michael Reeves's second feature film, The Sorcerers (1966). He gained new popularity among a young generation when he narrated the animated TV film Dr. Seuss' How the Grinch Stole Christmas (Chuck Jones, Ben Washam. 1966), and provided the voice of the Grinch. Karloff later received a Grammy Award for Best Recording For Children after the story was released as a record. Then he starred as a retired horror film actor in Targets (Peter Bogdanovich, 1968), Steve Vertlieb: “Targets was a profoundly disturbing study of a young sniper holding a small Midwestern community, deep in the bible belt, terrifyingly at bay. The celebrated subplot concerned the philosophical dilemma of creating fanciful horrors on the screen, while graphic, troubling reality was eclipsing the superficiality so tiredly repeated by Hollywood. Karloff co-starred, essentially as himself, an aged horror star named Byron Orlok, who wants simply to retire from the imagined horrors of a faded genre, only to come shockingly to grips with the depravity and genuine terror found on America's streets. Bogdanovich's first film as a director won praise from critics and audiences throughout the world community, and won its elder star the best, most respectful notices of his later career.”. In 1968, he played occult expert Professor Marsh in the British production Curse of the Crimson Altar (Vernon Sewell, 1968), which was the last Karloff film to be released during his lifetime. He ended his career by appearing in four low-budget Mexican horror films, which were released posthumously. While shooting his final films, Karloff suffered from emphysema. Only half of one lung was still functioning and he required oxygen between takes. he contracted bronchitis in 1968 and was hospitalized. Early 1969, he died of pneumonia at the King Edward VII Hospital, Midhurst, in Sussex, at the age of 81. Boris Karloff married five times and had one child, daughter Sara Karloff, by his fourth wife.

 

Sources: Steve Vertlieb (The Thunder Child), Wikipedia, and IMDb.

"This was Pedro our ...(Reva Best) "pet donkey, was given to us by someone in Norseman, because he was causing trouble, doing the pub crawl every night... he loved his beer!" See NOTES on image, move your mouse around it!

 

see www.facebook.com/photo/?fbid=3568027913292348&set=gm....

 

Published in the book Drysdale, Photographer, p106-7 copyright National Gallery of VIC 1987 (D1649)

 

According to Steve's post on Facebook, the Goodyear sign was moved from the fence to the new verandah wall.

This was the Eucla roadhouse was located down near the old Telegraph Station

It was the refuelling stop for the 1955 Redex Trial, according to the description on one of the many photos on Steve's Post on the Facebook Eyre Highway and Beyond.

 

There is a shot on FB..... www.facebook.com/photo/?fbid=3568029683292171&set=gm....

 

Car #74 the Holden of Ken Miller, Harry Cape & Terry Wheatle refuelling along the Nullarbor Plain during the 1955 Redex Trial at Eucla W.A.

photo: Hal Moloney from the old servos group.

 

There are a number of shots, one shows the old pepper tree behind the SA Post Master's Residence.

 

see link to the main Group page here.

 

www.facebook.com/groups/222812454725235/

 

Post from Reva on Facebook...

This was at the old 'servo' which was originally the WA Postmasters residence near the old Telegraph station (the only ruins still standing)! I don't know where the term Eucla Caravan Park came from, as we never had a c/park as such, either down there nor at the new place on top of the escarpment!

 

The present C/park didn't come till the late 1960s, when the Amber Motel was established! Pedro was getting too much to handle, so we gave him to a passing Circus in about 1960/61! I have pix of him on their truck somewhere...!

Linda told me Bane has records of my military career. How the fuck did he even figure out that was me? I didn't even use my real name when I signed up and 16-year old me looks nothing like I do now. Nonetheless we gotta bury this fucker soon. Him and anyone following him. We're gonna need some firepower and our guns are with Arnie for upkeep so it was off to Patton Arms for our next stop. I was flying the Sky Slayer (by flying I mean enjoying the fantastic invention that is autopilot) while Linda kept looking through that national criminal database info on Bane. She was looking through the raids Bane performed all across central America, and apparently one stuck out.

 

"Hey, just found this. One of their raids was a convoy in Belize. It was for Lexcorp and it was apparently carrying prototype equipment for testing or something."

 

"Lexcorp testing shit in Belize?"

 

"Right? I said the same thing. I'm looking deeper into it. Some of these files are classified stuff so we should get something good."

 

"Well, keep searching when we get inside. We're landing."

 

The rooftop to Patton Arms was barren, thank god. Sometimes some jackoff with a private chopper takes up the one landing pad Arnie's got up here. Arnie was at the roof's door waiting for us.

 

"Good evening, lovebirds."

 

"Hi, Arnold."

 

"Your Minigun and M60 are doing just fine, and from what I've heard you'll need them. Didn't you already kill Bane? And what's this about an Exoskeleton?"

 

"How the fuck did you find out?"

 

"Some police reports leaked out and it's all over the news. Anything I have that could match isn't even in the prototype stages yet."

 

"What's that?"

 

"...ah, I'll just show you. C'mon."

 

We head down the freight elevator into the sub-levels where Patton Arms Skunkworks stuff is. Arnie leads us into a room where our guns our, and that's what we find. Alongside something totally unexpected. Something that I'm sure gave Linda a few flashbacks.

 

"The Uber Soldat!? You made the fucking Uber Soldat?"

 

"Just a recreation of the armor from the blueprint. With it we might make a powered armor suit but right now we're stuck here."

 

"Even like this you think it might be good enough to kick Bane's ass?"

 

"....no."

 

"No? You have any idea how hard this thing was to kill?"

 

"But you killed it all on your own. Just one woman in body armor with a few low-tier explosives. And that was with a creature in the armor. If you could handle in that easily, Bane and his guys won't have that much trouble."

 

"So the Uber-Soldat wasn't all that uber at all."

 

"Nah. It's just primitive like that Xeno Cannon we had to upgrade."

 

"....we don't need this anyway. I'm sure there's something else...."

 

Linda opens up the laptop she took with her and goes back to searching through the files. I go back to admiring the Uber-Soldat armor. Still disappointed I never got to kill one back at the arctic....

 

"So really, didn't you kill Bane?"

 

"Yeah. This one's just one of his old asskissers. Some guy calling himself Bird."

 

"Huh. Well, what's his problem? Why come back to Gotham?"

 

"Revenge. Bane's guys were stupid loyal to him. Like Steve Jobs and Apple fans or something."

 

".....interestingly put. The other Bane used that one street drug, though. Venom, right? And this one's using an Exoskeleton?"

 

"Yep, and it's way better than venom ever could be. Linda and I took him on together and he kicked both our asses without breaking a sweat."

 

"Oh....oh no, that's...yikes...."

 

"Yep...."

 

"Hey! Hey I found it!"

 

"What's up, Linda?"

 

"Here it is! Bane's exoskeleton! The Lexcorp ACS4X. An advanced lightweight exoskeleton built for military combat. It can increase a users strength and speed to 4x their natural limits."

 

"Well that explains how he was able to throw you two around no trouble."

 

"But wait! It says that the Belize convoy was full of prototypes meant to be scrapped, and Bane definitely got it from that convoy."

 

"They wanted to trash it? Why? Performs pretty well from what we saw."

 

"Well, according to this, the exoskeleton would severely strain the user after extended use. Specifically the heart would be dangerously overworked after a while, which would potentially cripple or kill the user. Lexcorp dropped $45 million on the project just to try and fix this before giving up."

 

"So basically to beat Bane, we just gotta last longer than him."

 

"Seems like it. There's nothing about Lexcorp getting anywhere close to solving the straining problem, just all the money they wasted and then it's scheduled scrapping."

 

"I think it's pretty funny. The biggest design flaw is the guy using the damn thing."

 

"And it's just what we need. We just gotta make him work hard for a bit and he'll pretty much kill himself without even realizing it."

 

"Well, let's find the son of a bitch and end him already. Access police reports on that thing, see if he poked his head out any time recently."

 

"On it.......huh......"

 

"What?"

 

"Look at what's on the news...."

  

Ever since I got back from Spring break, I’ve been uber busy with schoolwork and my ‘Road To Infinity War’ re-reviews that I’ve missed out on telling you guys about all the new movies that I’ve seen in theaters! Now I have a little bit of free time today, so instead of spending an hour or more on five movie reviews as I usually do, I’m just going to give you guys my overall thoughts on five films that I’ve seen recently. I’ve done this before but with video games, but for those of you who don’t remember, I’ll title the movie, give my thoughts, then give a score. So let’s check it out!

 

Isle of Dogs -

Another classic Wes Anderson film. The stop-motion animation is so impressive in this film and the story so heartfelt, I’m a sucker for a “boy and his dog” film. The voice cast is spectacular with standouts like Jeff Goldblum, Bill Murray, and Bryan Cranston. Ever since Fantastic Mr. Fox, Wes Anderson has really been diving deep into world building and this movie is no exception. Teaming up one of my favorite directors with one of my favorite settings makes for a fantastic film based in quirky futuristic Japan. I really feel My one complaint is that there was a subplot with a American exchange student in Japan that I wasn’t quite a fan of, but that’s probably because I was so invested with the other plot with the boy named Atari and the group of dogs. Overall, Isle of Dogs isn’t my favorite Wes Anderson film, but it’s up there as one of his best.

Score: 8.5/10

 

Pacific Rim: Uprising -

I was massively disappointed this sequel of my favorite Del Toro film. While there are a few good moments from the always likable John Boyega and some action sequences. There’s not enough material to save this film from being just a bunch of visual noise on screen. The action in the original Pacific Rim was so stylized and beautiful, but this in this film, it’s just so over the top and hard to track, it’s like a Transformers film. The CGI in this film is absolute garbage as well, the action looks like cutscenes from a PS3 game. The film also ruins certain characters who I loved in the first film with these dumbs twists and gives us these completely unlikeable and amateur Jaeger pilots. Overall, Pacific Rim: Uprising just made me sad and confused. Hopefully Steven S. DeKnight can stay away from films and just go back to TV after this because his work on Daredevil is incredible!

Score: 3.5/10

  

Ready Player One -

A solid Steven Spielberg film that feels so reminiscent of his filmmaking in the 80s, but stylistically and what was actually shown on screen. Ready Player One is a buffet of references and easter eggs to almost all pop culture, you will definitely find something or someone in this movie that you will recognize and make you a least a little giddy. There were a few of those for me, the characters go to a certain movie world and they fight a certain character that gave me a huge smile on my face the entire time. This film also does a great job of world building without making it seem like boring exposition. This film wouldn’t be as good if it weren’t for how likeable the characters were. My favorite character of the film was Aech, they have some great comedy and plays a big part into my favorite sequence of the film which I won’t spoil. My biggest problem with the film is I don’t think Spielberg stuck the landing and the ending was a little cliched. Ready Player One is one of those films where I know everything that’s going to happen before I even saw it. The sound mixing of this film was absolutely terrible as well, songs were played too quietly and some other things were too loud, the film was very messy in terms of sound. But the characters, references, and world building were so great that in the end gave me a great time at the theater.

Score: 8/10

 

The Death of Stalin -

A fantastic dark comedy that felt like a modern Monty Python film, and that’s not purely because Michael Palin stars in the film. The cast of this film was absolutely fantastic, we got some all-stars such as Steve Buscemi and Jeffrey Tambor who play great caricatures of Soviet leaders dealing with Stalin’s death. The movie doesn’t really pay attention to being historically accurate, but more of the writing and the dialogue between the characters. It’s hilarious to watch Buscemi play Khrushchev, but with that classic Buscemi accent. There also some great non-slapstick visual comedy and improv in the film, one improv line that sticks out to me is “Who would put a lamp on a chair?” The Death of Stalin is a super dark comedy that over time, may go up as one of the classics as more people watch it. I can’t wait for others to discover this hidden gem in a pretty packed year of film.

Score: 8.5/10

  

A Quiet Place -

This film is by far one of the scariest films I’ve seen yet. I had a fantastic time at the theater watching this painfully scary film with a large crowd. John Krasinski completely surprised me with this directorial debut. The film consists of a tight and excellent cast, incredible cinematography and set design, and incredible sound mixing as well. Since this film is called “A Quiet Place”, sound really acts as a character of its own in this film. Krasinski makes completely mundane sounds utterly terrifying because of their implications, and let me tell you, those implications are horrifying. The monsters in this film are so cleverly designed and thought out that they are truly some of the most terrifying movie monsters! I have no idea what I’d do if I saw these fuckers in real life! This film is packed with scares but it also has a lot of heart. The family dynamic may be a little cliched in the film with a defiant teenager that creates trouble, but there are such heartfelt moments throughout the film that it makes up for some pretty basic horror cliches in terms of characters and their relationship to their family, which probably my biggest complaint with the film. My other complaint with the film is that it starts with a bang, but then slows down for a large percentage of the first act, but then it kicks back up again and has one of the best ending is any horror film. Overall, A Quiet Place is probably my favorite modern horror film so far. It’s got some slow parts and some cliched family dynamics, but it doesn’t overshadow how fucking scary this film can get and how fun it was to watch with my friends in a full theater. I saw this film yesterday and it’s all I’ve been thinking about since!

Score: 8.5/10

  

Anyways, those are my mini reviews! I’ll make sure to get back to my normal reviews for new movies soon, but in the meantime, make sure to leave your thoughts on any of these films that I spoke about in the comments below!

 

Also, make sure to follow me on Letterboxd if you want more film-related content from me!

Link: letterboxd.com/AntMan3000/

He was the rage when I went to Truman High School in the Bronx and was friends with many of my friends too. He and I came grew up in the same Bronx neighborhood.

 

Check out Sunday's Daily News

 

Forgotten Hero

 

Former Met Stanley Jefferson struggles to cope with horror of life as 9/11 cop

 

BY WAYNE COFFEY, DAILY NEWS SPORTS WRITER

 

Four flights up in Co-Op City, at the end of a hallway in Building 26, the big man sits in a big brown recliner, boxed in by four walls and demons and an emptiness that doesn't end. If only it did. If only it were finite, measurable, like the outfields of Yankee Stadium and Shea Stadium, or the other big-league parks he once called home.

 

Then Stanley Jefferson might be able to know exactly what he's dealing with. Then he might be able to go outside, go to work, maybe share the things he still believes he has to give, and begin to pick up the shards of a life that sometimes seems broken beyond recognition.

 

It is early in a late-winter afternoon. In Florida the Mets and Yankees are playing their first spring-training games, the sense of renewal as palpable as the palm trees. In Building 26 in the Bronx, the feeling is different, and has been ever since Sept. 11, 2001. Stanley Jefferson, former big-league ballplayer and former New York City police officer, and one of the greatest schoolboy players the city has ever produced, has the remote in his hand, and his beloved Yorkshire terrier, Rocky, on his lap. His wife, Christie, is off at her job at a social-services agency in Westchester. The apartment is crammed with a sectional sofa and a desk and exercise machines that sit unused. Against one wall is a big fish tank. All the fish are dead. Against another is a big-screen television, where Jefferson plays his video games, and watches his comedies, laugh tracks sounding as days pass into weeks, and weeks into months.

 

"Raymond," "Family Guy," "Two and a Half Men," Stanley Jefferson likes them all.

 

"They keep my spirits up, rather than crying or brooding," he says. A faint smile crosses his broad, goateed face. The spirits do not stay up for long.

 

Fifteen years after his baseball career ended with a ruptured Achilles, two years after his police career ended when the department declared him unfit for duty, 44-year-old Stanley Jefferson, former shield No. 14299 and former uniform No. 13, wrangles with the NYPD over his disability benefit, and with a much more debilitating enemy: the ravages of post-traumatic stress disorder. It is a condition that the National Center for Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder, a division of the U.S. Dept. of Veteran Affairs, defines as "an anxiety disorder that can occur following the experience or witnessing of a traumatic event." For Jefferson, it has spawned everything from agoraphobia to panic attacks to immobilizing depression to recurring nightmares - one in which he is tormented by a ball of fire reminiscent of the explosion he witnessed when the second plane flew into the second tower a few minutes after 9 a.m. on 9/11, another in which he desperately tries to save a people in peril, but never manages to reach them.

 

Once, in 1983, Jefferson was a first-round draft choice of the Mets (taken one slot after the Red Sox selected a pitcher named Clemens), a blindingly fast, 5-11, 175-pound center fielder out of Truman High School, and Bethune-Cookman College in Daytona Beach. He still might be the fastest player the organization has ever had. He was clocked running a 4.27 40 on a wet track during his Met tryout, and was timed at 3.0 from home to first in college. He had some 120 steals in his first three minor-league seasons, and hit an inside-the-park grand slam. Now he is 255 pounds and speeding nowhere.

 

He leaves the apartment about only twice a week, and even then it's only if he feels safe, if he's meeting someone close to him, such as Steve Bradstetter, 40, a Long Island businessman who is perhaps his closest friend.

 

"I have no life," Jefferson says, in a flat, baritone voice. "I've screwed up a lot of days." He pauses. He wrings his hands, something he does often. "I always thought this was something that would pass. I thought I could overcome anything, because that's just my athletic mentality. I'm ashamed because I never thought that something like this could happen to me."

 

Says Christie, his wife of three years, "This is not the man I married."

 

* * *

Even by the sculpted body standards of professional sports, Stanley Jefferson's physique - ropes of lean muscle on top of thick sprinter's legs - always stood out. When you saw him in motion, it stood out even more. Willie Daniels, 44, a childhood friend of Jefferson's from Co-Op City, played Little League with him, the two of them coached by Everod Jefferson, Stanley's father. They went to Truman High together and then to Bethune-Cookman. Daniels still marvels at the time Jefferson beat out a two-hopper to first against the University of Miami. In one college season, Jefferson stole 67 of 68 bases, getting caught only when his spikes got stuck on a wet track.

 

"I played with Devon White, Shawon Dunston, Walt Weiss, a lot of guys. Stanley is one of the best pure athletes I've ever seen," Daniels says.

 

The Mets did not disagree. Two years after he made his pro debut in the Single-A New York-Penn League and was the league's rookie of the year, Jefferson was one of the sensations of the club's training camp. The year was 1986, and seven months before Mookie Wilson and Bill Buckner would become odd baseball bedfellows, Davey Johnson was likening the 23-year-old Jefferson to Chili Davis. Steve Schryver, director of minor-league operations, saw him as a young Bake McBride. Jefferson hit .500 in the spring, and if not for GM Frank Cashen's reluctance to rush him, he probably would've made the team.

 

"How can you not love his future?" Rusty Staub said then. "You look at his skills and think 'leadoff man.' You think about 100 runs a season." Nor was he just a weapon at the top of the order. "If the ball is in the ballpark, Stanley Jefferson will catch it," said Joe McIlvaine, the future GM, envisioning Jefferson spending years alongside Darryl Strawberry.

 

Jefferson wound up fighting injuries most of the '86 season in Tidewater, struggling with a chronic wrist problem and a hamstring pull. Still, he got a September call-up, and picked up his first big-league hit off the Padres' Dave LaPoint. It was supposed to be just the beginning, before the performance of Lenny Dykstra and the lure of a star left fielder induced the Mets to make Jefferson a key part of a winter deal that brought Kevin McReynolds to Flushing. Fourteen games wound up being the entirety of Jefferson's Met career.

 

Jefferson showed patches of promise in San Diego, stealing 34 bases in hitting eight homers and seven triples in 116 games, before a late-season slump left him with a .230 average. A natural righty who was converted into a switch-hitter by the Mets after he was drafted, Jefferson struggled from the left side, and wound up having trouble on his natural side, too. He had a run-in with manager Larry Bowa, and soon found himself on a journeyman's carousel, doing bits of time with the Yankees, Orioles, Indians and Reds before he tore his Achilles tendon while playing winter ball in Puerto Rico after the 1991 season. He says he had tendinitis for years, but played through it. It wouldn't be the last time Jefferson would ignore pain, try to push through it.

 

"Physically, athletically, I had all the tools. I didn't live up to those lofty expectations," Jefferson says.

 

With baseball behind him, Jefferson went to work as a warehouse manager of a lighting company in Mt. Vernon, then spent a couple of years coaching in the minor leagues with the Mets and an independent team in Butte, Mont. His larger goal, though, was to become a New York City police officer. "I always wanted to be a cop, a detective," Jefferson says. He took the exam, went through a battery of psychological and physical tests and was sworn in on Dec. 8, 1997. "He was the perfect package for what you look for in a police officer," says Eric Josey, one of his instructors in the Police Academy. Jefferson graduated in the spring of 1998, posed for a graduation picture with Mayor Giuliani and Commissioner Safir, then was assigned to the 14th Pct., Midtown South.

 

"I would always tell him, 'You got to live your dream twice,'" Willie Daniels says. "Most people don't even get to live their dream once."

 

For almost four years, police work was all Jefferson hoped it would be. Another Labor Day came and went. Kids went back to school. It was a dazzlingly beautiful late-summer morning. It was a Tuesday.

 

* * *

Stanley Jefferson reported for work at 7:05 a.m. on Sept. 11, having flown all night on a red-eye after a family wedding in Seattle. Two hours later, in squad car 1726, he and his partner, Ed Kinloch, were at 6th Ave. and 38th St. They were eating breakfast. Jefferson, his muscled body built up to 210 pounds by regular trips to the gym, was having his usual bowl of oatmeal. A voice on the radio came on. It told of an explosion at the World Trade Center. They started heading downtown before being ordered to stop at Union Square. Jefferson and Kinloch got out of the car. Jefferson looked downtown and got his first glimpse of the remains of the first tower. He saw people jumping. He saw people waving towels, and more smoke than he'd ever seen in his life. He was still trying to fathom it when he watched the second plane rip right through the second tower. There was a ball of fire. It took a second or two for the sound of the horrific explosion to reach 14th St. Jefferson and Kinloch looked at each other.

 

"Oh, bleep," Kinloch said. "Did you see that?"

 

"We've got a problem here," Jefferson said.

 

They were told to stay around 14th St. Jefferson and Kinloch did what they could to help and direct people, and comfort them. "There was a lot of crying, a lot of hugging," Jefferson says. "You try to stay focused and do your job and not get caught up in people's emotions, but it's hard." A series of bomb threats followed. Jefferson worked until 9 p.m., and was back at Midtown South at 4 a.m., on the 12th. On Thursday and Friday, the 13th and 14th, Jefferson was at Ground Zero, according to his memo book. "World Trade Detail," he wrote. Each day, Jefferson worked a 12-hour shift - from 4 a.m. to 4 p.m., on the pile, on the bucket brigade, putting body parts in bags, the carnage seemingly endless, the beeping of the empty oxygen packs of departed firefighters a shrill symphony that never stopped. The packs and other equipment, most of it with burnt flesh attached, were thrown into a makeshift tent.

 

"It was the smell of death in there, a smell you never forget," Kinloch says.

 

Jefferson spent a number of other shifts around Ground Zero in the ensuing weeks, and by the end of the year, began to suffer from coughing spells and nightmares. He didn't think much of it at first, until his symptoms worsened in the spring of 2002, not long after he was transferred to the Internal Affairs Bureau (IAB), a move that he hoped would lead to a rapid promotion to detective. He started to experience periodic panic attacks, in which he would sweat profusely and feel his heart pounding as if it were a jackhammer. He also had trouble sleeping. While preparing reports for his IAB work, Jefferson says he began typing the same paragraph over and over.

 

"I didn't know what was happening," he says. He did his best not to think about it, hoping it would go away.

 

"I was in complete denial," Jefferson says. "I wanted to be a detective, period. I just wanted to fake it until I could make it."

 

Bradstetter began to wonder what was going on with his friend. He and Jefferson used to play golf all the time, but now Jefferson had no interest in it. He stopped working out, began gaining weight and found it harder and harder to leave the apartment. First, Jefferson would make excuses to Bradstetter. Later he opened up, just a little.

 

"I don't know what's wrong with me," Jefferson told him.

 

Jefferson's agoraphobia got progressively worse, and so did the panic attacks. His personal datebook shows 41 sick days in the first few months of 2003. Then, in March, days after he underwent an angiogram to correct a 30% blockage in his heart, Jefferson's mother died suddenly, and the combination of grief and the ongoing aftershocks of 9/11 sent him spiraling downward.

 

* * *

To say that Jefferson feels betrayed by the police department he dreamed of being a part of is to grossly understate it. He believes that in his time of greatest need, he was treated with all the sensitivity of a pine-tar rag.

 

Perhaps the first major issue he had came down on June 23, 2003, just when his problems were deepening. Jefferson had a doctor's appointment and told his immediate supervisor, Sgt. Michael Dowd, about it when his shift started. A short time before Jefferson had to leave, Dowd requested that he finish up a case he was working on. Jefferson reminded him of his appointment. Dowd insisted that Jefferson do the work, and Jefferson refused to comply. In an incident report to Capt. Michael O'Keefe, Dowd said Jefferson was profane and belligerent, screaming, 'Who the bleep do you think you are talking to?"

 

Jefferson, in a counter-complaint, says that Dowd was upset because he wanted to leave to play golf. Jefferson subsequently filed a discrimination lawsuit in federal court, a case that he settled out of court for $50,000 last year.

 

Five days after the dispute with Dowd, Jefferson suffered a panic attack as he drove from Co-Op City to the IAB office on Hudson Street. His vision was blurry, his heart pounding. Sweat was pouring out of him. He pulled over and went to the Lenox Hill Emergency Room. Jefferson's bouts with panic - and fears he was having a heart attack - had made him such a regular at the ER in Our Lady of Mercy Hospital in Pelham that one technician gently told him he needed to stop coming. Now here he was in an ER again. He was terrified. He privately wondered when his troubles were going to end, and if he were going insane. He says his department superiors continually ignored his pleas - and the counsel of his therapist - to reduce his caseload and shift him from investigative to administrative work, an opinion that is backed up by Sgt. John Paolucci, another IAB officer who supported Jefferson in a letter to the department Medical Board.

 

"No consideration for his predicament was afforded him," Paolucci wrote, adding that the whole culture of the department tends to make anyone who is incapacitated an outcast. "Most will doubt the veracity of your illness and compassion is out of the question."

 

Police officials declined to address any specifics relating to Jefferson's case.

 

Not even 48 hours after his visit to Lenox Hill, Jefferson, of his own volition, went to the NYPD's Psychological Evaluation Unit in Queens. He had a two-hour intake meeting with a department therapist, Christie at his side. His two handguns were taken from him that day, and have never been returned, Jefferson being deemed unfit for police work. He was transferred to the VIPER unit - the lowest level of police work, involving the monitoring of surveillance cameras. "It's the land of broken toys - where they send anyone with charges pending or a problem that makes them unable to work," Jefferson says.

 

On Nov. 8, 2004, the NYPD moved to place him on Ordinary Disability Retirement (ODR), based on a diagnosis of the department Medical Board of "major depressive disorder." Jefferson later applied for Accidental Disability Retirement (ADR), on the grounds that his condition was triggered by his Post-Traumatic Stress Syndrome in the wake of 9/11 - a diagnosis made separately by a social worker and a psychiatrist who have treated Jefferson.

 

The ODR amounts to $1,400 monthly. An ADR - granted to officers mentally or physically incapacitated in the line of duty - would provide Jefferson with just under $4,000 monthly, tax-free. The Medical Board and the Pension Board, citing reports by psychiatrists, social workers and an examination of Jefferson, said his mother's death and his heart problems were major triggers of his condition, and also mentioned the depressed feelings he had when his first wife and two daughters left him, in 1991. The Boards asserted that there was insufficient evidence to support a connection to 9/11 and Jefferson's problems - a finding upheld in State Supreme Court in Manhattan last October.

 

Said Carolyn Wolpert, deputy chief of the pensions division of the city law department, "The city is grateful to Stanley Jefferson for his almost eight years of service as a police officer. Due to medical issues, the Police Pension Fund retired Officer Jefferson with ordinary disability benefits . . . The New York County Supreme Court found that there was credible medical evidence to support the determination that the officer's disability was not caused by his World Trade Center assignment." Jeffrey L. Goldberg, a Lake Success, L.I.-based attorney representing Jefferson, is planning on filing a second application for ADR benefits for Jefferson. Only nine officers who responded to the World Trade Center attacks have been granted accidental disability benefits for psychological reasons, according to a police source. Goldberg believes it is all but a de facto administration policy. "Mayor Bloomberg considers accidental disability retirement a free lunch for a police officer like Stanley Jefferson," Goldberg says. "This is no free lunch. This is the real-life consequence of an officer responding to a tragedy and an emergency. Stanley Jefferson is a hero. He should be aided, not discarded. Hopefully, the city will recognize that and support him as he tries to recover from a terribly serious medical condition."

 

* * *

Last week was a good one for Stanley Jefferson. He made it to Goldberg's office, after canceling a series of previous appointments. His daughters, Nicole, 21, and Brittany, 19, came to visit from Virginia. He went for coffee at a bookstore near Co-Op City, and opened up about every aspect of his six-year ordeal: his shame, his vulnerability, his embarrassment over having such a hard time walking out of Building 26, being in the world.

 

"I know people can't understand it. I can't understand," he says. He talks about the medications he takes to ease his anxiety and his depression, and about the drinking binges - Grey Goose and cranberry - he used to go on to escape his pain. "It's what got me outside," Jefferson says. It also got him into full-blown rages, and a Westchester County treatment center last fall. He didn't want to talk when he got there, before he began to see that his therapist was right: the silent suffering was nothing but fuel for the demons.

 

"I can't let pride get in the way," Jefferson says.

 

Adds wife Christie, "I keep telling him he's got to forget all the machismo right now, and realize he's not the only one who has gone through this in his life, and work on taking care of himself." Steve Bradstetter, Jefferson's friend, will always be grateful to Jefferson for the way he responded when Bradstetter's mother died. It was February of 2000, and Jefferson accompanied Bradstetter on a drive to Massachusetts. "It was about the toughest circumstance I've ever had to deal with, and he was there for me," Bradstetter says. "He was like, 'We'll talk, we'll laugh, we'll try to make sense of it all.'"

 

Stanley Jefferson is a very different person than he was then. He is sad and often distant. When he and Bradstetter arrange to meet at a Dunkin' Donuts or a diner, Jefferson waits in the car until he sees Bradstetter pull up. Only then does he feel safe enough to get out. Sometimes Bradstetter will see his friend start wringing his hands, see the beads of sweat running down his temple, his leg jiggling as it were stuck in full throttle. Bradstetter doesn't know what to say. "It's like his whole body is taken over by whatever issues he's dealing with." He offers what comfort he can. He knows the real Stanley is still in there.

 

Tomorrow afternoon, Stanley Jefferson is supposed to go to Dobbs Ferry to meet with Bill Sullivan, the Mercy College baseball coach. Jefferson finished his degree at Mercy while he was on the force. Sullivan has gotten to know him and like him, and would love to have him help out as a volunteer assistant.

 

"He would be such an asset for our program," Sullivan says.

 

From his big brown chair on the fourth floor, Jefferson looks out a window, toward his terrace and a barren Co-Op City courtyard. He talks about the things he has to share in the world, how maybe he can work with kids. He says helping out at Mercy would be a great start. Jefferson knows he can't cure his illness, but he can face it, and battle it. The towers may be down forever, and his days of getting to first in three seconds may be behind him. But who says the rebuilding of a life can't begin anew? Who says a 44-year-old man can't get back to first and second and third, and all the way back home, no matter how long it takes?

 

The big man leans back in his chair.

 

"I do have optimism," Stanley Jefferson says. "I do believe that I'm strong enough that I will eventually get better. I just have to keep working at it."

 

Originally published on March 4, 2007

ONE OF THE WAY TO TRAIN THE "THE AWARENESS MUSCLE

 

is the critical run

and other emergency art format

 

CRITICAL RUN / Debate Format

 

Critical Run is an Art Format created by Thierry Geoffroy/Colonel

debate while running .

Debate and Run together,Now,before it is too late.

 

www.emergencyroomscanvas todo .org/criticalrun.html

 

The Art Format Critical Run has been activated in 30 differents countries with 120 different burning debates

New York,Cairo,London,Istanbul,Athens,Hanoi,Paris,Munich,Amsterdam Siberia,Copenhagen,Johanesburg,Moskow,Napoli,Sydney,

Wroclaw,Bruxelles,Rotterdam,Barcelona,Venice,Virginia,Stockholm,Århus,Kassel,Lyon,Trondheim, Berlin ,Toronto,Hannover ...

 

CRITICAL RUN happened on invitation from institution like Moma/PS1, Moderna Muset Stockholm ,Witte de With Rotterdam,ZKM Karlsruhe,Liverpool Biennale;Sprengel Museum etc..or have just happened on the spot because

a debate was necessary here and now.

 

In 2020 the Energy Room was an installation of 40 Critical Run at Museum Villa Stuck /Munich

part of Colonel solo show : The Awareness Muscle Training Center

 

----

 

Interesting publication for researches on running and art

 

www.emergencyrooms.org/formats.html

 

14 Performances. Relation Work (1976 - 1980). Filmed by Paolo Cardazzo. Marina Abramović/ Ulay. Neuer Berliner Kunstverein, Berlin, Germany.

 

Abramović, Marina. Student Body: Workshops 1979 - 2003: Performances 1993 - 2003. Milano: ed. Charta, 2003.

 

Bergson, Henri. Creative Evolution. London: Macmillan and Co., 1911.

Bergson, Henri. Key Writings. Edited by Keith Ansell-Pearson and John Mullarkey. New York:

 

Continuum, 2002.

Bergson, Henri. Matter and Memory. New York: Zone Books, 1988.

 

Blaikie, William. “Common Sense Physical Training.” In Athletics and Health: Modern Achievement: Advice and Instruction upon the Conduct of Life, Principles of Business, Care of Health, Duties of Citizenship, etc. Edited by Edward Everett Hale. New York: P.F. Collier & Son, 1902.

 

Blaikie, William. How to Get Strong and How to Stay So. New York: Harper & Brothers Publishers, 1883.

 

Cunningham, Merce. Changes: Notes on Choreography. New York: Something Else Press, 1969.

 

de Balzac, Honoré. The Human Comedy. EBook: Project Gutenberg, 2010. de Balzac, Honoré. Théorie de la démarche. 1833, 1853.

 

de Biran, Maine. “Opposition du principe de Descartes avec celui d’une science de l’homme. Première base d’une division des faits psychologiques et physiologiques. Perception et sensation animale.” In Maine de Biran. Librairie Philosophique J. VRIN, 1990.

 

de Tocqueville, Alexis. The Old Regime and the Revolution. New York: Harper & Brothers, Publishers, 1856.

 

Delaumosne, M. L’Abbe. “The Delsarte System.” Translated by Frances A. Shaw. In Delsarte System of Oratory, 4th Ed. New York: Edgar S. Werner, 1893.

 

Descartes, René. Méditations metaphysiques. 1641.

 

Gropius, Walter, and Arthur S. Wensinger, eds. The Theater of the Bauhaus: Oskar Schlemmer, Laszlo Moholy-Nagy, Farkas Molnár. Translated by Arthur S. Wensinger. Middleton, Conn.: Wesleyan University, 1961.

 

Hahn, Archibald. How to Sprint: The Theory of Spring Racing. New York: American Sports Publishing Company, 1923.

 

Hegel, Georg Wilhelm Friedrich. Phenomenology of Spirit. Translated by A.V. Miller. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1977.

 

Helmholtz, Hermann. “On the Facts Underlying Geometry.” In Epistemological Writings: Hermann von Helmholtz. Edited by R.S. Cohen and Y. Elkana. Boston: D. Reidel Publishing Company, 1977.

 

Helmholtz, Hermann. Théorie physiologique de la musique fondée sur l’étude des sensations auditives. Paris: Masson, 1868.

 

Helmholtz, Hermann. Treatise of Physiological Optics (Handbuch der physiologischen Optik) 1856. 3 Volumes. Translated by James P.C. Southall. Milwaukee, 1924.

 

Holmes, Oliver Wendall. Soundings from the Atlantic. Boston: Tickknor and Fields, 1864. James, William. The Principles of Psychology. New York: Henry Holt & Co, 1890, 1918.

 

James, William. Writings 1902 - 1910. Edited by Bruce Kuklick. New York: Literary Classics of the United States, 1987.

 

Kandinsky, Vasily. Über Das Geistige in der Kunst. Dritte Auflage. München: R. Piper&Co, 1912.

 

Kant, Immanuel. “Was ist Aufklärung?” 1784.

 

Laban, Rudolf. A Life for Dance: Reminiscences. Translated by Lisa Ullmann. London: Macdonald & Evans, 1975.

 

Laban, Rudolf. Choreographie. Jena: E. Diederichs, 1926.

 

Laban, Rudolf. Choreutics. Edited by Lisa Ullmann. London: Macdonald & Evans, 1939, 1966.

 

Laban, Rudolf. Effort: Economy in Body Movement. 2nd Edition. Boston: Plays, 1947, 1974.

 

Laban, Rudolf. Principles of Dance and Movement Notation. New York: A Dance Horizons Republication, 1956, 1970.

 

Laban, Rudolf. The Language of Movement: A Guidebook to Choreutics. Edited by Lisa Ullmann. Boston: Plays, Inc., 1974.

  

MacKaye, Percy. “Steele Mackaye, Dynamic Artist of the American Theatre; An Outline of his Life Work,” in The Drama. Edited by William Norman Guthrie and Charles Hubbard Sergel. Chicago: The Dramatic Publishing Company, 1911.

 

Marey, Étienne-Jules. La Machine Animale: Locomotion Terrestre et Aérienne. Paris: Librairie Germer Baillière, 1873.

 

Marey, Étienne-Jules. Le Vol des Oiseaux. Paris: Libraire de l’académie de médecine, 1890. Marey, Étienne-Jules. Movement. Translated by Eric Pritchard. New York: D. Appleton and

 

Company, 1895.

 

Michelet, Jules. The History of France. Volume I. Translated by Walter K. Kelly. London: Chapman and Hall, 1844.

 

Morgan, Anna. An Hour with Delsarte: A Study of Expression. New York: Edgar S. Werner Publisher, 1891.

 

Muybridge, Eadweard. Animal Locomotion: An Electro-photographic Investigation of Consecutive Phases of Animal Movements. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania and J. B. Lippincott Company, 1887.

 

Muybridge, Eadweard. Descriptive Zoopraxography, or the Science of Animal Locomotion. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania, 1893.

 

Muybridge, Eadweard. The Attitudes of Animals in Motion: A Series of Photographs Illustrating the Consecutive Positions assumed by Animals in Performing Various Movements; Executed at Palo Alto, California, in 1878 and 1879 (1881). Albumen, Library of Congress, Washington, D.C., Library of Congress.

 

Muybridge, Eadweard. The Human Figure in Motion. New York: Dover Publications, 1955. Ramsaye, Terry. A Million and One Nights: A History of the Motion Picture. U.K.: Simon and

 

Schuster, Inc., 1926, 1954.

Richer, Paul. Physiologie Artistique: De l’Homme en Mouvement. Paris: Aulanier et Cie, 1896.

 

Sanburn, Frederic. Delsartean Scrap-book: Health, Personality, Beauty, House-Decoration, Dress, etc. New York: United States Book Company, c. 1890.

 

Schlemmer, Oskar. Briefe und Tagebücher: The Letters and Diaries of Oskar Schlemmer. Edited by Tut Schlemmer. Translated by Krishna Winston. Middletown, Conn: Wesleyan University Press, 1972.

  

Schlemmer, Oskar, and Heimo Kuchling. Der Mensch, Unterricht am Bauhaus. Nachgelassene Aufzeichnungen. Mainz: F. Kupferberg, 1969.

 

Schuftan, Werner. Handbuch des Tanzes. Preface by Rudolf von Laban. Mannheim: Verlag Deutscher Chorsänger Verband und Tänzerbund, 1928.

 

Shearman, Sir Montague. Athletics and Football. London: Longmans, Green, and Co., 1888. Smith, Shawn Michelle. At the Edge of Sight: Photography and the Unseen. Durham: Duke

 

University Press, 2013.

 

Stebbins, Genevieve. Delsarte System of Expression, 5th Edition. New York: Edgar S. Werner, 1894; orig. 1885.

 

Talbot, Frederick A. Practical Cinematography and its Applications. London: William Heinemann, 1913.

 

Wigman, Mary. The Mary Wigman Book: Her Writings. Middletown, CT: Wesleyan University Press, 1975.

 

Abramović, Marina, et al. Marina Abramović: Seven Easy Pieces. New York: Charta 2007. Acconci, Vito. Language to Cover a Page: The Early Writings of Vito Acconci. Edited by Craig

 

Dworkin. Cambridge: MIT Press, 2006.

Adolphs, Volker, and Philip Norten. Gehen Bleiben: Bewegung, Körper, Ort in der Kunst der

 

Gegenwart. Bonn: Kunstmuseum Bonn, 2007.

Agamben, Giorgio. “Movement.” In Dance: Documents of Contemporary Art. Edited André

 

Lepecki. London: MIT Press and WhiteChapel Gallery, 2012.

Alberro, Alexander, and Blake Stimson, eds. Institutional Critique: An Anthology of Artists’

 

Writings. Cambridge: MIT Press, 2009.

Albers, Kate Palmer. “Abundant Images and the Collective Sublime.” Exposure. Volume 46,

 

Issue 2 (Fall 2013).

 

Allen, Beverly. Rape Warfare: The Hidden Genocide in Bosnia-Herzegovina and Croatia. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1996.

 

Alloway, Lawrence. The Venice Biennale 1895 - 1968: from salon to goldfish bowl. Greenwich, CT: New York Graphic Society LTD., 1968.

Anderson, Ben. “Affect and Biopower: Towards a Politics of Life.” Transactions - Institute of British Geographers, Issue 1 (2011).

 

Andras, Edit, and Bojana Pejic, eds. Gender Check: Femininity and Masculinity in the Art of Eastern Europe. Cologne: Buchhandlung Walther König, 2009.

 

Antliff, Mark. Inventing Bergson: Cultural Politics and the Parisian Avant-Garde. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1992.

 

Arendt, Hannah. The Human Condition, Second Edition. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1958, 1998.

 

Arendt, Hannah. On Violence. New York: Harcourt Brace, 1969.

Atkins, Dawn, ed. Looking Queer: Body Image and Identity in Lesbian, Bisexual, Gay, and

 

Transgender Communities. New York: The Haworth Press, 1998.

Ault, Julie, ed. Alternative Art, New York, 1965-1985: A Cultural Politics Book for the Social

 

Text Collective. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 2002.

Auslander, Philip. “Going with the Flow: Performance Art and Mass Culture.” TDR. Volume 33,

 

Number 2 (Summer 1989).

Auslander, Philip. “The Performativity of Performance Documentation.” PAJ 84 (2006).

 

Backstein, Joseph, and Daniel Birnbaum, Sven-Olov Wallenstein. Thinking Worlds - The Moscow Conference on Philosophy, Politics, and Art. Berlin: Sternberg Press, 2008.

 

Badovinac, Zdenka. Body and the East: From the 1960s to the Present. Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press, 1999.

 

Baer, Ulrich. Spectral Evidence: The Photography of Trauma. Cambridge: MIT Press, 2002. Baker, George. “Entr’acte.” October. Volume 105 (Summer 2003).

 

Bale, John. Imagined Olympians: Body Culture and Colonial Representations in Rwanda. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 2002.

 

Bale, John. Running Cultures: Racing in Time and Space. London: Frank Cass, 2004. Banes, Sally. Democracy’s Body: Judson Dance Theatre, 1962 - 1964. Durham, NC: Duke

 

University Press, 1993.

 

Banes, Sally. Terpsichore in Sneakers: Post-Modern Dance, 2nd edition. Middletown, CT: Wesleyan University Press, 1987.

  

Bartenieff, Irmgard. Body Movement: Coping with the Environment. New York: Routledge, 2002.

 

Barthes, Roland. Camera Lucida: Reflections on Photography. Translated by Richard Howard. New York: Hill and Wang, 198, 2010.

 

Barthes, Roland. Mythologies. Translated by Annette Lavers. New York: Hill and Wang, 1972. Batchen, Geoffrey. Burning with Desire: The Conception of Photography. Cambridge: MIT

 

Press, 1997.

 

Baudelaire, Charles. The Parisian Prowler, Le Spleen de Paris Petits Poèmes en Prose. Translated by Edward K. Kaplan. Athens: The University of Georgia Press, 1989.

 

Bauer, M. W. and G. Gaskell. Biotechnology — the Making of a Global Controversy. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2002.

 

Bayat, Asef. Life as Politics: How Ordinary People Change the Middle East. Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press, 2010, 2015.

 

Belaief, Lynne. “Meanings of the Body.” Journal of the Philosophy of Sport. Volume 4, Issue 1 (1977).

 

Bell, Catherine. Ritual: Perspectives and Dimensions. New York: Oxford University Press, 1997.

 

Benjamin, Walter. Charles Baudelaire: A Lyric Poet in the Era of High Capitalism. Translated by Harry Zohn. London: Verso, 1997.

 

Benjamin, Walter. Selected Writings, Volumes 1 - 4. Edited by Howard Eiland and Michael W. Jennings. Cambridge: Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 2003 - 2006.

 

Benjamin, Walter. “The Storyteller: Reflections on the Works of Nikolai Leskov.” In Illuminations. Edited by Hannah Arendt. Translated by Harry Zohn. New York: Schocken Books, 2007.

 

Bennett, Jill. Empathic Vision: Affect, Trauma, and Contemporary Art. Stanford, CA; Stanford University Press, 2005.

 

Berger, John. About Looking. New York: Pantheon Books, 1980.

 

Bergson, Henri. Laughter: An Essay on the Meaning of the Comic. Translated by Cloudesley Brereton and Fred Rothwell. New York: The Macmillan Company, 1914.

  

Bishop, Claire, and Marta Dziewańska, eds. 1968 - 1989: Political Upheaval and Artistic Change. Warsaw: Museum of Modern Art, 2009.

 

Bishop, Claire. Artificial Hells: Participatory Art and the Politics of Spectatorship. London: Verso, 2012.

 

Bishop, Claire. Radical Museology: or, What’s ‘Contemporary’ in Museums of Contemporary Art? London: Koenig Books, 2013.

 

Black, Graham. Transforming Museums in the Twenty-First Century. New York: Routledge, 2011.

 

Blaive, Muriel, and Christian Gerbel, Thomas Lindenberger, eds. Clashes in European Memory: The Case of Communist Repression and the Holocaust. Innsbruck: Studienverlag, 2011.

 

Blassnigg, Martha. Time, Memory, Consciousness and the Cinema Experience: Revisiting Ideas on Matter and Spirit. New York: Rodopi, 2009.

 

Bloomer, Kent C., and Charles Willard Moore. Body, Memory, and Architecture. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1977.

 

Boecker, Henning, et. al. “The Runner’s High: Opioidergic Mechanisms in the Human Brain.” Cerebral Cortex. Volume 18, Number 11 (2008).

 

Bougarel, Xavier, and Elissa Helms, Ger Duijzings, eds. The New Bosnian Mosaic: Identities, Memories and Moral Claims in a Post-War Society. Hampshire, England: Ashgate, 2007.

 

Bourdieu, Pierre. Outline of a Theory of Practice. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1977.

 

Bourriaud, Nicolas. Relational Aesthetics. Dijon: Les Presses du réel, 1998, 2002.

 

Brandstetter, Gabriele. Poetics of Dance: Body, Image and Space in the Historical Avant- Gardes. Translated by Elena Polzer and Mark Franko. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1995, 2015.

 

Braudy, Leo, and Marshall Cohen, eds. Film Theory and Criticism: Introductory Readings. New York: Oxford UP, 1999.

 

Braun, Marta. Eadweard Muybridge. London: Reaktion, 2010.

Braun, Marta. Picturing Time: The Work of Etienne-Jules Marey (1830 - 1904). Chicago:

 

University of Chicago Press, 1992, 1994.

 

Brettell, Richard R. Modern Art, 1851 - 1929: Capitalism and Representation. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1999.

  

Brooke, J.D., and H.T.A. Whiting, eds. Human Movement - A Field of Study. London: Henry Kimpton Publishers, 1973.

 

Brown, Keith S., and Yannis Hamilakis, eds. The Usable Past: Greek Metahistories. Lanham, MD: Lexington Books, 2003.

 

Brunnbauer, Ulf, and Konrad Clewing, eds. Südost-Forschungen. Munich: R. Oldenbourg Verlag, 2008.

 

Bruno, Giuliana. Atlas of Emotion: Journeys in Art, Architecture, and Film. New York: Verso, 2002.

 

Bryzgel, Amy. Performing the East: Performance Art in Russia, Latvia, and Poland since 1980. London: I.B. Tauris, 2012.

 

Buchloh, Benjamin H. D. Neo-Avantgarde and Culture Industry: Essays on European and American Art from 1955 to 1975. Cambridge: MIT Press, 2001, 2003.

 

Buck-Morss, Susan. The Dialectics of Seeing: Walter Benjamin and the Arcades Project. Cambridge: MIT Press, 1991.

 

Burchell, Graham, and Colin Gordon, Peter Miller, eds. The Foucault Effect: Studies in Governmentality. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1991.

 

Bürger, Peter. Theory of the Avant-Garde. Translated by Michael Shaw. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press and Manchester University Press, 1974, 1984.

 

Butler, Judith. Bodies that Matter: On the Discursive Limits of Sex. New York: Routledge, 1993. Butler, Judith. Gender Trouble: Feminism and the Subversion of Identity. New York: Routledge,

 

2006.

 

Butler, Samuel. Unconscious Memory: A Comparison between the Theory of Dr. Ewald Hering and the ‘Philosophy of the Unconscious’ of Dr. Edward von Hartmann. London: David Bogue, 1880.

 

Cage, John. Silence: Lectures and Writings. Middletown, CT: Wesleyan University Press, 1961. Campany, David, ed. The Cinematic: Documents of Contemporary Art. Cambridge: MIT Press,

 

2007.

Canales, Jimena. A Tenth of a Second: A History. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2009.

 

Careri, Francesco. Walkscapes: Walking as an Aesthetic Practice. Translated by Steve Piccolo and Paul Hammond. Barcelona: Editorial Gusavo Gili, 2002.

  

Carroll, Noël. Theorizing the Moving Image. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1996. Cetinić, Ljiljana, and Ana Panić, eds. Štafete: Titova Štafeta - Štafeta Mladosti, 1945 - 1987.

 

Belgrade: Tipografik plus, 2008.

Chase, Stuart. Men and Machines. New York: Macmillan Co, 1929.

 

Christesen, Paul. Sport and Democracy in the Ancient and Modern Worlds. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2012.

 

Christian, Mary. Marina Abramović: The Artist is Present. New York: The Museum of Modern Art, 2010.

 

Clark, Kenneth. The Nude: A Study in Ideal Form. New York: Pantheon Books, 1956. Coleman, Simon, and John Eade, eds. Reframing Pilgrimage: Cultures in Motion. London:

 

Routledge, 2004.

 

Connerton, Paul. The Spirit of Mourning: History, Memory and the Body. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2011.

 

Cosgrove, Denis. Geography and Vision: Seeing, Imagining and Representing the World. New York: I.B. Tauris, 2008.

 

Cottington, David. Cubism in the Shadow of War: The Avant-Garde and Politics in Paris 1905- 1914. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1998.

 

Crane, Susan, ed. Museums and Memory. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 2000. Crary, Jonathan. Techniques of the Observer: On Vision and Modernity in the Nineteenth

 

Century. Cambridge: MIT Press, 1990.

Crow, Thomas. The Rise of the Sixties: American and European Art in the Era of Dissent.

 

London: Laurence King Publishing, 1996.

 

Csiksgentmihalyi, Mihaly. Creativity! Flow and psychology of discovery and invention. New York: Harper Collins, 1996.

 

Cumming, John. Runners & Walkers: A Nineteenth Century Sports Chronicle. Chicago: Regency Gateway, 1981.

 

Cvejić, Bojana, and Ana Vujanović. Public Sphere by Performance. Belgrade: b_books, TkH, 2012.

  

Dagg, Anne Innis. Running, Walking, and Jumping: The Science of Locomotion. New York: Crane, Russak & Company, Inc, 1977.

 

de Certeau, Michel. The Practice of Everyday Life. Translated by Steven Rendall. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1984, 1988.

 

de Certeau, Michel. The Writing of History. Translated by Tom Conley. New York: Columbia University Press, 1975, 1988.

 

de Groote, Pascale. Ballets Suédois: Jean Börlin. Ghent: University of Ghent, 2002.

de Waal, Frans. The Age of Empathy: Nature’s Lessons for a Kinder Society. New York:

 

Harmony Books, 2009.

 

Deleuze, Gilles. Cinema 1: The Movement-Image. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1986.

 

Deleuze, Gilles, and Félix Guattari. A Thousand Plateaus. London: Continuum, 1980, 2008. Dewey, John. The Public and its Problems: An Essay in Political Inquiry. Edited by Melvin L.

 

Rogers. University Park, PA: The Pennsylvania State University, 2012.

di Giovanni, Janine. Madness Visible: A Memoir of War. London: Bloomsbury, 2005.

 

Djetelić, Pera, and Dragan Maršičević. Narodna Omladina i Jugoslovenski Kongres za Fizičku Kulturu. Beograd: Mladost, 1959.

 

Djurić, Dubravka, and Miško Šuvaković, eds. Impossible Histories: Historical Avant-gardes, Neo-avant-gardes, and Post-avant-gardes in Yugoslavia, 1918 - 1991. Cambridge: MIT Press, 2003.

 

Donawerth, Jane, ed. Rhetorical Theory by Women before 1900: An Anthology. Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, Inc, 2002.

 

Dörr, Evelyn. Rudolf Laban: The Dancer of the Crystal. Lanham, Maryland: The Rowman & Littlefield Publishing Group, Inc., 2008.

 

Drakulić, Slavenka. Balkan Express: Fragments from the Other Side of War. London: Hutchinson, 1993.

 

Drakulić, Slavenka. They Would Never Hurt a Fly: War Criminals on Trial in the Hague. New York: Penguin, 2005.

 

Drapag, Vesna. Constructing Yugoslavia: A Transnational History. London: Palgrave Macmillan, 2010.

Duncan, Carol. Civilizing Rituals: Inside Public Art Museums. Abingdon: Routledge, 1995. Eamon, Christopher. Rearview Mirror: New Art from Central and Eastern Europe. Edmonton:

 

Art Gallery of Alberta, 2011.

 

Eichberg, Henning, ed. Body Cultures: Essays on Sport, Space, and Identity. London, New York: Routledge, 1998.

 

Elias, Norbert. The Civilizing Process. Sociogenetic and Psychogenetic Investigations. Oxford: Blackwell, 1939, 2000.

 

Elias, Norbert, and Eric Dunning. Quest for Excitement: Sport and Leisure in the Civilising Process. Dublin: University of College Dublin Press, 2008.

 

Enwezor, Okwui. Archive Fever: Uses of the Document in Contemporary Art. Göttingen: Steidl Publishers, 2008.

 

Erjavec, Aleš, ed. Postmodernism and the Postsocialist Condition: Politicized Art under Late Socialism. Berkeley: University of California Press, 2003.

 

Fer, Briony, and David Batchelor, Paul Wood. Realism, Rationalism, Surrealism: Art Between the Wars. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1993.

 

Finn, David. How to Visit A Museum. New York: Abrams, 1985.

Fleming, Bruce. Running is Life: Transcending the Crisis of Modernity. Lanham: University

 

Press of America, Inc, 2010.

 

Forrester, Sibelan E.S., and Magdalena J. Zaborowska, Elena Gapova, eds. Over the Wall/After the Fall: Post-Communist Cultures Through an East-West Gaze. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 2004.

 

Foster, Hal. The Return of the Real: The Avant-Garde at the End of the Century. Cambridge: MIT Press, 1996.

 

Foster, Hal. “What’s Neo about the Neo-Avant-Garde?” October. Volume 70, The Duchamp Effect (Autumn, 1994), 5 - 32.

 

Foucault, Michel. Discipline and Punish: The Birth of the Prison. Translated by Alan Sheridan. New York: Vintage Books, Random House, Inc, 1977, 1995.

 

Foucault, Michel. The History of Sexuality Volume 1. Translated by Robert Hurley. New York: Pantheon Books, 1978.

 

Foucault, Michel. Power/Knowledge: Selected Interviews & Other Writings, 1972 - 1977. Edited by Colin Gordon. New York: Pantheon Books,1972, 1980.

  

Fraleigh, Sondra Horton. Dance and the Lived Body: A Descriptive Aesthetics. Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press, 1987.

 

Frampton, Hollis. “Eadweard Muybridge: Fragments of a Tesseract.” In On the Camera Arts and Consecutive Matters: The Writings of Hollis Frampton. Cambridge: MIT Press, 2009.

 

Fried, Michael. Four Honest Outlaws: Sala, Ray, Marioni, Gordon. New Haven: Yale University Press, 2011.

 

Gallagher, Catherine, and Thomas Laqueur, eds. The Making of the Modern Body: Sexuality and Society in the Nineteenth Century. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1987.

 

Gamwell, Lynn, ed. Dreams Nineteen Hundred to Two Thousand: Science, Art, and the Unconscious Mind. Binghamton: State University of New York at Binghamton, 2000.

 

Gay, Peter. Savage Reprisals: Bleak House, Madame Bovary, Buddenbrooks. New York: W.W. Norton & Company, 2002.

 

Gehm, Sabine, and Pirkko Husemann, Katharina von Wilke, eds. Knowledge in Motion: Perspectives of Artistic and Scientific Research in Dance. Translated by Bettina von Arps- Aubert. Bielefeld: Transcript, 2007.

 

Genoways, Hugh H., ed. Museum Philosophy for the Twenty-First Century. Oxford: AltaMira Press, 2006.

 

Geoghegan, Bernard Dionysius. “After Kittler: On the Cultural Techniques of Recent German Media Theory.” Theory Culture Society (August 2013).

 

Gidal, Peter. Materialist Film. London: Routledge, 1989.

Giedion, Siegfried. Space, Time, and Architecture: The Growth of a New Tradition. Cambridge:

 

Harvard University Press, 1974.

 

Godard, Jean-Luc. Godard on Godard. Edited by Jean Narboni and Tom Milne. New York: The Viking Press, 1968, 1972.

 

Gödl, Doris. “Challenging the Past: Serbian and Croatian Aggressor-Victim Narratives.” International Journal of Sociology 37. No. 1 (2007).

 

Goldberg, Roselee. Performance: Live Art Since the ‘60s. London: Thames & Hudson, 2004.

 

Goldberg, Roselee. Performance Art: From Futurism to the Present. London: Thames & Hudson, 2001.

  

Goldberg, Vicki, ed. Photography in Print: Writings from 1816 to the Present. New York: Simon and Schuster, 1981.

 

Golding, Sue, ed. The Eight Technologies of Otherness. London: Routledge, 1997. Gotaas, Thor. Running: A Global History. London: Reaktion Books, 2009.

 

Grau, Andrée, and Stephanie Jordan. Europe Dancing: Perspectives on Theatre, Dance, and Cultural Identity. New York: Routledge, 2000.

 

Grigorov, Dimitar. “‘Рачунајте на нас.’ ‘Oдломак’ о Титовој штафети или Штафети младости.” In Друштвену историју. Belgrade: 2008.

 

Grimes, Ronald L. Beginnings in Ritual Studies. Columbia: University of South Carolina Press, 1995.

 

Groys, Boris. Introduction to Antiphilosophy. Translated by David Fernbach. London: Verso, 2012.

 

Groys, Boris. The Communist Postscript. Translated by Thomas Ford. London: Verso, 2010. Groys, Boris, and Ann von der Heiden, Peter Weibel, eds. Zurück aus der Zukunft.

 

Osteuropäische Kulturen im Zeitalter des Postkommunismus. Berlin: Suhrkamp, 2005.

Gržinić, Marina, and Günther Heeg, Veronika Darian. Mind the Map! History is not a Given: A

 

th th

Critical Anthology Based on the Symposium [Leipzig, 13 -16 October 2005]. Frankfurt:

 

Revolver, 2006.

 

Guttman, Allen. “Sport, Politics, and the Engaged Historian.” Journal of Contemporary History. Volume 38, Number 3 (2003).

 

Hardt, Michael, and Antonio Negri. Empire. Boston, Harvard University Press, 2001. Hargreaves, Jennifer, and Patricia Anne Vertinsky, eds. Physical Culture, Power, and the Body.

 

New York: Routledge, 2007.

 

Harris, Mary Emma. The Arts at Black Mountain College. Cambridge: MIT Press, 1987, 2002.

 

Harte, Jane L., et. al. “The effects of running and meditation on beta-endorphin, corticotropin- releasing hormone and cortisol in plasma, and on mood.” Biological Psychology. Volume 40, Issue 3 (June 1995).

 

Harte, Jane L., and Georg H. Eifert. “The effects of running, environment, and attentional focus on athletes’ catecholamine and cortisol levels and moods.” Psychophysiology. Volume 32, Issue 1 (January 1995).

  

Havránek, Vít, ed. Jiří Kovanda: Actions and Installations, 2005-1976. Zurich: Tranzit & JRP|Ringier, 2006.

 

Helme, Sirje. PopKunst Forever: Estonian Pop Art at the Turn of the 1960s and 1970s. Tallinn: Art Museum of Estonia - Kumu Art Museu, 2010.

 

Hemmings, Frederick William John, ed. The Age of Realism. Baltimore: Penguin Books, 1974. Hendricks, Gordon. Eadweard Muybridge: The Father of the Motion Picture. New York:

 

Grossman Publishers, of Viking Press, 1975.

 

Henning, Michelle. Museums, Media, and Cultural Theory. New York: Open University Press, 2006.

 

Hewitt, Andrew. Social Choreography: Ideology as Performance in Dance and Everyday Movement. Durham: Duke University Press, 2005.

 

Higgins, Steven. Still Moving: The Film and Media Collections of the Museum of Modern Art. New York: The Museum of Modern Art, 2006.

 

Hoberman, John M. “Sport and Political Ideology.” Journal of Sport and Social Issues. Volume 1, Number 2 (1977).

 

Hodgson, John. Mastering Movement: The Life and Work of Rudolf Laban. New York: Routledge, 2001.

 

Hoelzl, Ingrid, and Friedrich Tietjen, eds. Images in Motion. Burges: Die Keure, 2012. Husserl, Edmund. The Phenomenology of Internal Time-Consciousness. Edited by Martin

 

Heidegger. Translated by James S. Churchill. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1964.

 

IRWIN, ed. East Art Map: Contemporary Art and Eastern Europe. London: Afterall and MIT Press, 2006.

 

Ivey, Paul Eli. Radiance from Halcyon: A Utopian Experiment in Religion and Science. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 2013.

 

Jameson, Frederic. Postmodernism, or, The Cultural Logic of Late Capitalism. Durham: Duke University Press,1991.

 

Janevski, Ana, ed. As Soon as I Open My Eyes I See a Film: Experiment in the Art of Yugoslavia in the 1960s and 1970s. Warsaw: Museum of Modern Art, 2010.

 

Jarausch, Konrad H., and Michael Geyer. Shattered Past: Reconstructing German Histories. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2003.

  

Jones, Amelia. Body Art/Performing the Subject. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1998.

 

Jones, Amelia, and Adrian Heathfield. Perform, Repeat, Record: Live Art in History. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2012.

 

Jones, Amelia. “The Body and Technology.” Art Journal. Volume 60, Number 1 (Spring, 2001). Joseph, Brandon W. Random Order: Robert Rauschenberg and the Neo-avant-garde.

 

Cambridge: MIT Press, 2003.

Joy, Jenn. The Choreographic. Cambridge: MIT Press, 2014.

 

Jünger, Ernst. “War and Photography.” Translated by Anthony Nassar. New German Critique. Number 59 (Spring-Summer, 1993).

 

Kater, Michael H. Hitler Youth. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 2004. Kebo, Ozren. Sarajevo za početnike. Sarajevo: Dani, 1996.

 

Kelley, Jeff, ed. Essays on the Blurring of Art and Life. Berkley: University of California Press, 1993, 2003.

 

Kern, Stephen. The Culture of Time and Space. Cambridge, Mass: Harvard University Press, 1983.

 

Kester, Grant H. Conversation Pieces: Community and Communication in Modern Art. Berkley: University of California Press, 2004.

 

Kholeif, Omar. Moving Image. London: Whitechapel, 2015.

Kirkpatrick, Sidney. The Revenge of Thomas Eakins. New Haven: Yale University Press, 2006.

 

Kirn, Gal, and Dubravka Sekulić, Žiga Testen, eds. Surfing the Black: Yugoslav Black Wave Cinema and its Transgressive Moments. Maastricht: Jan van Eyck Academie, 2012.

 

Kittler, Friedrich A. Gramophone, Film, Typewriter. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1999. Klinger, Cornelia, and Bartomeu Mari. Modernologies: Contemporary Artists Researching

 

Modernity and Modernism. Barcelona: Museu d’Art Contemporani de Barcelona, 2009.

Knell, Simon J., et al., eds. National Museums: New Studies from around the World. New York:

 

Routledge, 2011.

Knudson, Duane. Fundamentals of Biomechanics, Second Edition. New York: Springer, 2007.

  

Knust, Albrecht. Handbook of Kinetography Laban: Examples. Hamburg: Das Tanzarchiv, 1958. Koch, Sabine, et al. Body Memory, Metaphor, and Movement. Philadelphia: John Benjamins

 

Publishing Company, 2012.

Krauss, Rosalind E. “Sculpture in the Expanded Field.” October. Volume 8 (Spring 1979).

 

Krauss, Rosalind E. The Originality of the Avant-Garde and Other Modernist Myths. Cambridge: MIT Press, 1985.

 

Kuligowski, Waldemar. “A Relay of Youth of the 21st Century. A Re-enactment of Ritual or a Grotesque Performance?” Cargo. Volume 10, Number 1 - 2 (2012).

 

Kwon, Miwon. One Place After Another: Site-Specific Art and Locational Identity. Cambridge: MIT Press, 2002.

 

LaBelle, Brandon. Background Noise: Perspectives on Sound Art. London and New York: Continuum International Publishing Group, 2006.

 

Lakoff, George, and Mark Johnson. Metaphors We Live By. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1980.

 

Landsberg, Alison. Prosthetic Memory: The Transformation of American Remembrance in the Age of Mass Culture. New York: Columbia University Press, 2004.

 

Laws, Kenneth, and Francia Russell. Physics and the Art of Dance: Understanding Movement. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2002.

 

le Blanc, Guillaume. Courir: Méditations Physiques. Paris: Éditions Flammarion, 2012.

Leahy, Helen Rees. Museum Bodies: The Politics of Practices of Visiting and Viewing. Surrey,

 

England: Ashgate, 2012.

Lederman, Gail. Manliness and Civilization: A Cultural History of Gender and Race in the

 

United States, 1880 - 1917. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 1995. Lefebvre, Henri. The Production of Space. Oxford: Blackwell, 1991.

 

Lehman, Arnold L., and Brenda Richardson, eds. Oskar Schlemmer. Baltimore: The Baltimore Museum of Art, 1986.

 

Lemke, Thomas. Bio-Politics: An Advanced Introduction. Translated by Eric Frederick Trump. New York: New York University Press, 2011.

 

Lepage, Jean-Denis G.G. Hitler Youth, 1922 - 1945: An Illustrated History. London: McFarland & Company, Inc.,2009.

  

Lepecki, André, ed. Dance: Documents of Contemporary Art. London: MIT Press and WhiteChapel Gallery, 2012.

 

Leposavić, Radonja. vlasTito iskustvo. Belgrade: Publikum, 2005.

Licht, Alan. Sound Art: Beyond Music, Between Categories. New York: Rizzoli International

 

Publications, 2007.

 

Lippard, Lucy. Six Years: The Dematerialization of the Art Object from 1966 to 1972. Berkley: University of California Press, 1973.

 

Loland, Sigmund, and Berit Skirstad, Ivan Waddington. Pain and Injury in Sport: Social and Ethical Analysis. New York: Routledge, 2006.

 

Luthar, Breda, and Maruša Pušnik, eds. Remembering Utopia: The Culture of Everyday Life in Socialist Yugoslavia. Washington, D.C.: New Academia Publishers, 2010.

 

Mackay, Robin, and Armen Avanessian, eds. #Accelerate: The Accelerationist Reader. Falmouth, UK: Urbanomic, 2014.

 

Malcolm, Noel. Bosnia: A Short Story. London: MacMillan, 1994.

Maletic, Vera. Body - Space - Expression: The Development of Rudolf Laban’s Movement and

 

Dance Concepts. Amsterdam: Mouton de Gruyter, 1987.

Marie, Michel. The French New Wave: An Artistic School. Translated by Richard Neupert.

 

Oxford: Blackwell Publishing, 1997.

 

Marien, Mary Warner. Photography: A Cultural History. 2nd Edition. London: Laurence King Publishing Ltd, 2002, 2006.

 

Marks, Laura. Touch: Sensuous Theory and Multisensory Media. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 2002.

 

Marvin, Carolyn. When Old Technologies Were New: Thinking about Electric Communication in the Late Nineteenth Century. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1988.

 

Mathews, Nancy Mowll. “The Body in Motion.” In Moving Pictures: American Art and Early Film, 1880 - 1910. Manchester, Vermont: Hudson Hills Press, 2005.

 

Mauss, Marcel. “Techniques of the Body” (1934). In Incorporations, Zone 6. Edited by Jonathan Crary and Sanford Kwinter. New York: Zone, 1992.

 

Mazower, Mark. Dark Continent: Europe’s Twentieth Century. New York: A.A. Knopf, 1999.

  

McGinnis, Peter M. Biomechanics of Sport and Exercise, Third Edition. Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics, 2013.

 

McSorley, Kevin, ed. War and the Body: Militarisation, Practice and Experience. New York: Routledge, 2013.

 

Meltzer, Eve. Systems We Have Loved: Conceptual Art, Affect, and the Antihumanist Turn. Chicago: The University of Chicago, 2013.

 

Merleau-Ponty, Maurice. The Phenomenology of Perception. Translated by Colin Smith. London: Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1962, 1989.

 

Metz, Christian. Film Language: A Semiotics of the Cinema. Translated by Michael Taylor. New York: Oxford University Press, 1974.

 

Metz, Christian. “Photography and Fetish.” October. Volume 34 (Autumn, 1985).

Meyer, James. Minimalism: Art and Polemics in the Sixties. New Haven: Yale University Press,

 

Michelson, Annette, ed. Kino-Eye: The Writings of Dziga Vertov. Translated by Kevin O’Brien. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1984.

 

Mirzoeff, Nicholas, ed. The Visual Culture Reader, Second Edition. New York: Routledge, 1998, 2002.

 

Mishima, Yukio. Sun and Steel: His Personal Testament on Art, Action, and Ritual Death. New York: Kodansha, 1970.

 

Mondloch, Kate. Screens: Viewing Media Installation Art. Minneapolis: The University of Minnesota Press, 2010.

 

Moore, Sarah J. Empire on Display: San Francisco’s Panama-Pacific International Exposition of 1915. Norman, OK: University of Oklahoma Press, 2013.

 

Morgan, William P. “Affective beneficence of vigorous physical activity.” Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise. Volume 17, Number 1 (February 1985).

 

Morse, Meredith. Soft is Fast: Simone Forti in the 1960s and After. Cambridge: MIT Press, 2016.

 

Mosse, George L. The Image of Man: The Creation of Modern Masculinity. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1996.

 

Motherwell, Robert, ed. Dada Painters and Poets. New Haven: Harvard University Press, 1981.

  

Mozley, Anita Ventura, ed. Eadweard Muybridge: The Stanford Years, 1872 - 1882. San Francisco: Stanford University, 1972.

 

Mulvey, Laura. Death 24x a Second: Stillness and the Moving Image. London: Reaction books, 2006.

 

Mumford, Lewis. Technics and Civilization. London: Routledge & Kegan Paul LTD, 1934, 1955.

 

Muñoz, José Esteban. Disidentifications: Queers of Color and the Performance of Politics. Minneapolis: The University of Minnesota Press, 1999.

 

Musolff, Andreas. Metaphor, Nation, and the Holocaust: The Concept of the Body Politic. New York: Routledge, 2010.

 

New Collectivism, ed. Neue Slowenische Kunst. Translated by Marjan Golobič. Hong Kong: Paramount Printing, 1991.

 

Newman, Michael, and Jon Bird, eds. Rewriting Conceptual Art. London: Reaction Books, 1999. O’Doherty, Brian. Inside the White Cube: The Ideology of the Gallery Space. Berkley:

 

University of California Press, 1986.

 

O’Rourke, Karen. Walking and Mapping: Artists as Cartographers. Cambridge: MIT Press, 2013.

 

Obrist, Hans Ulrich. Do It: The Compendium. New York: Independent Curators International/D.A.P., 2013.

 

Partsch-Bergsohn, Isa. Modern Dance in Germany and the Untied States: Crosscurrents and Influences. Chur: Harwood Academic Publishers, 1994.

 

Passerini, Luisa, ed. Memory and Totalitarianism. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1992. Pavković, Aleksandar. The Fragmentation of Yugoslavia: Nationalism and War in the Balkans,

 

Second Edition. New York: St. Martin’s Press, 2000.

 

Pegrum, Mark A. Challenging Modernity: Dada Between Modern and Postmodern. Oxford: Berghahn Books, 2000.

 

Peiffer, Lorenz. Sport im Nationalsozialismus: Zum aktuellen Stand der sporthistorischen Forschung. Göttingen: Verlag Die Werkstaat, 2004, 2015.

 

Pejić, Bojana, and David Elliot. After the Wall: Art and Culture in Post-Communist Europe. Stockholm: Moderna Museet, 1999.

  

Penz, Otto. “Sport and Speed.” International Review for the Sociology of Sport. Volume 25, Number 2 (June 1990).

 

Peoples, Crocker. “A Psychological Analysis of the ‘Runner’s High’ (Human Performance).” Physical Educator. Volume 40, Number 1 (March 1, 1983).

 

Perica, Vjekoslav. Balkan Idols: Religion and Nationalism in Yugoslav States. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2002.

 

Petrov, Ana. “Telesni projekti i regulacija normativnog tela: uloga fizičke kulture u Jugoslaviji.” Institut za etnologiju i folkloristiku. Issue 51, Number 2 (2014).

 

Pfister, Gertrud, ed. Gymnastics, A Transatlantic Movement: From Europe to America. New York: Routledge, 2011.

 

Phelan, Peggy. Unmarked: The Politics of Performance. New York: Routledge, 1993. Phillips, Christopher, ed. Photography in the Modern Era: European Documents and Critical

 

Writings, 1913 - 1940. New York: The Metropolitan Museum of Art/Aperature, 1990. Phillips, Murray G. Deconstructing Sport History: A Postmodern Analysis. Albany: State

 

University of New York Press, 2006.

 

Pissaro, Joachim, et al. Martin Creed: What’s the Point of It? London: Hayward Publishing, 2014.

 

Piotrowski, Piotr. In the Shadow of Yalta: Art and the Avant-Garde in Eastern Europe, 1945 - 1989. London: Reaktion, 2009.

 

Preston-Dunlop, Valerie. Rudolf Laban: An Extraordinary Life. London, Dance Books, 1998. Preziosi, Donald. Art Religion Amnesia: The Enchantments of Credulity. New York: Routledge,

  

Pursell, Caroll. White Heat: People and Technology. Berkley: University of California Press, 1994.

 

Quercetani, R. L. A World History of Track and Field Athletics 1864-1964. London: Oxford University Press, 1964.

 

Rabinbach, Anson. The Human Motor: Energy, Fatigue, and the Origins of Modernity. New York: Basic Books, 1990.

 

Rabinow, Paul, ed. The Foucault Reader. New York: Random House, 1984.

  

Radstone, Susannah, and Bill Schwarz, Memory: Histories, Theories, Debates. New York: Fordham University Press, 2010.

 

Rancière, Jacques. Aesthetics and its Discontents. Malden: Polity Press, 2004.

Rancière, Jacques. The Emancipated Spectator. Translated by Gregory Elliot. London: Verso,

 

Rancière, Jacques. The Politics of Aesthetics: The Distribution of the Sensible. London: Continuum, 2006.

 

Rees, A.L., and Duncan White, Steven Ball, David Curtis, eds. Expanded Cinema: Art, Performance, Film. London: Tate Publishing, 2011.

 

Rempel, Gerhard. Hitler’s Children: The Hitler Youth and the SS. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1989.

 

Richards, Mary. Marina Abramović. New York: Routledge, 2010.

Ricoeur, Paul. Oneself as Another. Translated by Kathleen Blamey. Chicago: University of

 

Chicago Press, 1992.

Rosa, Hartmut. Beschleunigung und Entfremdung: Entwurf einer Kritischen Theorie

 

spätmoderner Zeitlichkeit. Berlin: Suhrkamp, 2013.

Rosa, Hartmut, and William E. Scheuerman. High-Speed: Social Acceleration, Power, and

 

Modernity. University Park, PA: The Pennsylvania State University, 2009.

Rosati, Lauren, and Mary Anne Staniszewski, eds. Alternative Histories: New York Art Spaces,

 

1960-2010. Cambridge: MIT Press, 2012.

 

Rosenstone, Robert A., “History in Images/History in Words: Reflections on the Possibility of Really Putting History onto Film.” The American Historical Review. Volume 93. Number 5 (December 1988).

 

Rossol, Nadine. Performing the Nation in Interwar Germany: Sport, Spectacle, and Political Symbolism, 1926 - 1936. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2010.

 

Roxby-Maude, Alice, On Camera: Performance and Photography. Southampton: John Hansard Gallery, 2007.

 

Ruyter, Nancy Lee Chalfa. The Cultivation of Body and Mind in Nineteenth-Century American Delsartism. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press, 1999.

 

Salazar, James B. Bodies of Reform The Rhetoric of Character in Gilded Age America. New York: New York University Press, 2010.

  

Schechner, Richard. Essays on Performance Theory 1970 - 1976. New York: Drama Book Specialists, 1973, 1977.

 

Scheerder, Jeroen, and Koen Breedveld, eds. Running Across Europe: The Rise and Size of One of the Largest Sport Markets. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2015.

 

Seckinelgin, H., and Billy Wong, eds. Global Civil Society 2011: Globally and the Absence of Justice. Hampshire: Palgrave Macmillan, 2011.

 

Sekula, Allan. “The Body and the Archive.” October. Volume 39 (Winter, 1986). Semon, Richard. Die mnemischen Empmfindungen in ihren Beziehungen zu den

 

Originalempfindungen. Leipzig: W. Engelmann, 1909.

Shawn, Ted. Every Little Movement: A Book About François Delsarte. Pittsfield, MA: The Eagle

 

Printing and Binding Company, 1954.

Shayt, David H. “Stairway to Redemption: America’s Encounter with the British Prison

 

Treadmill.” Technology and Culture, Volume 30, Number 4 (Oct. 1989).

Sheridan, Heather, and Leslie Howe, and Keith Thompson, eds. Sporting Reflections: Some

 

Philosophical Perspectives. Aachen: Meyer & Meyer Verlag, 2007.

 

Siegmund, Gerald, and Stefan Hölscher, eds. Dance, Politics, and Co-Immunity: Thinking Resistances, Current Perspectives on Politics and Communities in the Arts. Volume 1. Zürich- Berlin: Diaphanes, 2013.

 

Sileo, Diego, and Eugenio Viola, PAC (Milano), eds. Marina Abramović: The Abramović Method. 2 Volumes. Milan: 24 ORE Cultura, 2012.

 

Silverman, Kaja. The Subject of Semiotics. New York: Oxford University Press, 1983.

Slevin, Tom. Vision of the Human: Art, World War One and the Modernist Subject. London: I.B.

 

Tauris, 2015.

 

Solnit, Rebecca. River of Shadows: Eadweard Muybridge and the Technological Wild West. New York: Viking, 2003.

 

Solnit, Rebecca. Wanderlust: A History of Walking. London: Verso, 2001.

Sontag, Susan. Against Interpretation and Other Essays. New York: Picador, 1966, 2001. Sontag, Susan. “Fascinating Fascism.” The New York Review of Books (6 February 1975). Sontag, Susan. On Photography. New York: Picador, 1977.

  

Spieker, Sven. The Big Archive: Art from Bureaucracy. Cambridge: MIT Press, 2008. Stepišnik, Drago. Oris Zgodovine Telesne Kulture na Slovenskem. Ljubljana: Dražavna založba

 

Slovenija, 1968.

 

Stipančić, Branka. “‘Zame je resničnost umetnost,’ Intervju s Tomislavom Gotovcem.” Vijenac, Number 123/VI (8 Oct. 1998).

 

Stoddart, Tom. Sarajevo. Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution Press, 1998.

Stošić, Mirjana. “Body-name — The Brotherhood Chronotype and Social Choreography.”

 

Култура/Culture (2015).

Suljagić, Emir. Postcards from the Grave. Translated by Lejla Haverić. London: The Bosnian

 

Institute, 2005.

 

Susovski, Marijan, ed. The New Art Practice in Yugoslavia, 1966 - 1978. Zagreb: Gallery of Contemporary Art, 1978.

 

Sutil, Nicolás Salazar. Motion and Representation: The Language of Human Movement. Cambridge: MIT Press, 2015.

 

Swenson, Kirsten. Irrational Judgements: Eva Hesse, Sol Lewitt, and 1960s New York. New Haven: Yale University Press, 2015.

 

Szeemann, Harold. Zum freien Tanz, zu reiner Kunst. Rolandseck: Stiftung Hans Arp und Sophie Taeuber-Arp, 1991.

 

Tagg, John. The Burden of Representation: Essays on Photographies and Histories. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1988.

 

Tilmans, Karin, and Frank van Vree, Jay Winter, eds. Performing the Past: Memory, History, and Identity in Modern Europe. Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press, 2010.

 

Tumarkin, Maria M. Traumascapes: The Power and Fate of Places Transformed by Tragedies. Victoria, Australia: Melbourne University Press, 2005.

 

Udall, Sharyn R. Dance and American Art: A Long Embrace. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 2012.

 

Vacche, Angela Dalle. Film, Art, New Media: Museum without Walls? New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2012.

 

Vertinsky, Patricia Anne. The Eternally Wounded Woman: Women, Doctors, and Exercise in the Late Nineteenth Century. Manchester: Manchester University Press, 1989.

  

Virilio, Paul. The Art of the Motor. Translated Julie Rose. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1995.

 

Weibel, Peter. Beyond Art: A Third Culture. Vienna: Ambra Verlag, 2005.

 

Wells, Liz, ed. Photography: A Critical Introduction. New York: Rutledge, 1996/2015.

 

Westcott, James. When Marina Abramović Dies: A Biography. Cambridge: MIT Press, 2010.

 

White, Hayden. “Historiography and Historiophoty.” The American Historical Review. Volume 93. Number 5 (December 1988).

 

White, Hayden V. Metahistory: The Historical Imagination in Nineteenth-Century Europe. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1973.

 

Wiehager, Renate, ed. Moving Pictures: Photography and Film in Contemporary Art. Ostfildern- Ruit, Germany: Hate Cantz Publishers, 2001.

 

Williams, Raymond. Culture and Society, 1780 - 1950. New York: Columbia University Press, 1958/1983.

 

Wood, Catherine. Yvonne Rainer: The Mind is a Muscle. London: Afterall, 2007. Wood, Denis. The Power of Maps. New York: Guilford Press, 2010.

 

Woodward, Susan L. Balkan Tragedy: Chaos and Dissolution after the Cold War. Washington, D.C.: The Brookings Institution, 1995.

 

Young, Kevin. Deviance and Social Control in Sport. Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics, 2008. Youngblood, Gene. Expanded Cinema. New York: E.P. Dutton and Co., 1970.

 

Zelizer, Barbie, ed. Visual Culture and the Holocaust. New Brunswick: Rutgers University Press, 2001.

 

Zidić, Igor, and Ana Dević, Antonio Gotovac Lauer a.k.a. Tomislav Gotovac. Antonio Gotovac Lauer: Čelična mreža. Zagreb: Moderna Galerija and Studio Josip Račič, 2006.

 

Zorn, John W., ed. The Essential Delsarte. Metuchen, NJ: The Scarecrow Press, Inc, 1968.

 

Žižek, Slavoj. The Indivisible Remainder: An Essay on Schelling and Related Matters. London: Verso, 1996.

 

----

  

------------about Venice Biennale history from wikipedia ---------

curators previous

* 1948 – Rodolfo Pallucchini

* 1966 – Gian Alberto Dell'Acqua

* 1968 – Maurizio Calvesi and Guido Ballo

* 1970 – Umbro Apollonio

* 1972 – Mario Penelope

* 1974 – Vittorio Gregotti

* 1978 – Luigi Scarpa

* 1980 – Luigi Carluccio

* 1982 – Sisto Dalla Palma

* 1984 – Maurizio Calvesi

* 1986 – Maurizio Calvesi

* 1988 – Giovanni Carandente

* 1990 – Giovanni Carandente

* 1993 – Achille Bonito Oliva

* 1995 – Jean Clair

* 1997 – Germano Celant

* 1999 – Harald Szeemann

* 2001 – Harald Szeemann

* 2003 – Francesco Bonami

* 2005 – María de Corral and Rosa Martinez

* 2007 – Robert Storr

* 2009 – Daniel Birnbaum

* 2011 – Bice Curiger

* 2013 – Massimiliano Gioni

* 2015 – Okwui Enwezor

* 2017 – Christine Macel[19]

* 2019 – Ralph Rugoff[20]

  

----------

 

#art #artist #artistic #artists #arte #artwork

 

Pavilion at the Venice Biennale #artcontemporain contemporary art Giardini arsenal

 

venice Veneziako VenecijaVenècia Venedig Venetië Veneetsia Venetsia Venise Venecia VenedigΒενετία( Venetía Hungarian Velence Feneyjar Venice Venezia Venēcija Venezja Venezia Wenecja Veneza VenețiaVenetsiya BenátkyBenetke Venecia Fenisוועניס Վենետիկ ভেনি স威尼斯 (wēinísī) 威尼斯 ვენეციისવે નિસवेनिसヴェネツィアವೆನಿಸ್베니스வெனிஸ்వెనిస్เวนิซوینس Venetsiya

 

art umjetnost umění kunst taide τέχνη művészetList ealaín arte māksla menasarti Kunst sztuka artă umenie umetnost konstcelfקונסטարվեստincəsənətশিল্প艺术(yìshù)藝術 (yìshù)ხელოვნებაकलाkos duabアートಕಲೆសិល្បៈ미술(misul)ສິນລະປະകലकलाအတတ်ပညာकलाකලාවகலைఆర్ట్ศิลปะ آرٹsan'atnghệ thuậtفن (fan)אומנותهنرsanat artist

 

other Biennale :(Biennials ) :

Venice Biennial , Documenta Havana Biennial,Istanbul Biennial ( Istanbuli),Biennale de Lyon ,Dak'Art Berlin Biennial,Mercosul Visual Arts Biennial ,Bienal do Mercosul Porto Alegre.,Berlin Biennial ,Echigo-Tsumari Triennial .Yokohama Triennial Aichi Triennale,manifesta ,Copenhagen Biennale,Aichi Triennale .Yokohama Triennial,Echigo-Tsumari Triennial.Sharjah Biennial ,Biennale of Sydney, Liverpool , São Paulo Biennial ; Athens Biennale , Bienal do Mercosul ,Göteborg International Biennial for Contemporary Art ,DOCUMENTA KASSEL ATHENS

* Dakar

  

kritik [edit] kritikaria kritičar crític kritiker criticus kriitik kriitikko critique crítico Kritiker κριτικός(kritikós) kritikus Gagnrýnandi léirmheastóir critico kritiķis kritikas kritiku krytyk crítico critic crítico krytyk beirniad קריטיקער

 

Basque Veneziako Venecija [edit] Catalan Venècia Venedig Venetië Veneetsia Venetsia Venise Venecia Venedig Βενετία(Venetía) Hungarian Velence Feneyjar Venice Venezia Latvian Venēcija Venezja Venezia Wenecja Portuguese Veneza Veneția Venetsiya Benátky Benetke Venecia Fenis וועניס Վենետիկ ভেনিস 威尼斯 (wēinísī) 威尼斯 Georgian ვენეციის વેનિસ वेनिस ヴェネツィア ವೆನಿಸ್ 베니스 வெனிஸ் వెనిస్ เวนิซ وینس Venetsiya

 

Thierry Geoffroy / Colonel

#thierrygeoffroy #geoffroycolonel #thierrygeoffroycololonel #lecolonel #biennalist

 

#artformat #formatart

#emergencyart #urgencyart #urgentart #artofthenow #nowart

emergency art emergency art urgency artist de garde vagt alarm emergency room necessityart artistrole exigencyart predicament prediction pressureart

 

#InstitutionalCritique

 

#venicebiennale #venicebiennale2017 #venicebiennale2015

#venicebiennale2019

#venice #biennale #venicebiennale #venezia #italy

#venezia #venice #veniceitaly #venicebiennale

 

#pastlife #memory #venicebiennale #venice #Venezia #italy #hotelveniceitalia #artexhibit #artshow #internationalart #contemporaryart #themundane #summerday

 

#biennalevenice

 

Institutional Critique

 

Identity Politics Post-War Consumerism, Engagement with Mass Media, Performance Art, The Body, Film/Video, Political, Collage, , Cultural Commentary, Self as Subject, Color Photography, Related to Fashion, Digital Culture, Photography, Human Figure, Technology

 

Racial and Ethnic Identity, Neo-Conceptualism, Diaristic

 

Contemporary Re-creations, Popular Culture, Appropriation, Contemporary Sculpture,

 

Culture, Collective History, Group of Portraits, Photographic Source

 

, Endurance Art, Film/Video,, Conceptual Art and Contemporary Conceptualism, Color Photography, Human Figure, Cultural Commentary

 

War and Military, Political Figures, Social Action, Racial and Ethnic Identity, Conflict

 

Personal Histories, Alter Egos and Avatars

 

Use of Common Materials, Found Objects, Related to Literature, Installation, Mixed-Media, Engagement with Mass Media, Collage,, Outdoor Art, Work on Paper, Text

  

Appropriation (art) Art intervention Classificatory disputes about art Conceptual art Environmental sculpture Found object Interactive art Modern art Neo-conceptual art Performance art Sound art Sound installation Street installations Video installation Conceptual art Art movements Postmodern art Contemporary art Art media Aesthetics Conceptualism

 

Post-conceptualism Anti-anti-art Body art Conceptual architecture Contemporary art Experiments in Art and Technology Found object Happening Fluxus Information art Installation art Intermedia Land art Modern art Neo-conceptual art Net art Postmodern art Generative Art Street installation Systems art Video art Visual arts ART/MEDIA conceptual artis

 

—-

 

CRITICAL RUN is an art format developed by Thierry Geoffroy / COLONEL, It follows the spirit of ULTRACONTEMPORARY and EMERGENCY ART as well as aims to train the AWARENESS MUSCLE.​

Critical Run has been activated on invitation from institutions such as Moderna Muset Stockholm, Moma PS1 ,Witte de With Rotterdam, ZKM Karlsruhe, Liverpool Biennale, Manifesta Biennial ,Sprengel Museum,Venice Biennale but have also just happened on the spot because a debate was necessary here and now.

 

It has been activated in Beijing, Cairo, London, Istanbul, Athens, Kassel, Sao Paolo, Hanoi, Istanbul, Paris, Copenhagen, Moskow, Napoli, Sydney, Wroclaw, Bruxelles, Rotterdam, Siberia, Karlsruhe, Barcelona, Aalborg, Venice, Virginia, Stockholm, Aarhus, Rio de Janeiro, Budapest, Washington, Lyon, Caracas, Trondheim, Berlin, Toronto, Hannover, Haage, Newtown, Cartagena, Tallinn, Herning, Roskilde;Mannheim ;Munich etc...

 

The run debates are about emergency topics like Climate Change , Xenophobia , Wars , Hyppocrisie , Apathy ,etc ...

 

Participants have been very various from Sweddish art critics , German police , American climate activist , Chinese Gallerists , Brasilian students , etc ...

 

Critical Run is an art format , like Emergency Room or Biennalist and is part of Emergency Art ULTRACONTEMPORARY and AWARENESS MUSCLE .

 

www.emergencyrooms.org/criticalrun.html

 

www.emergencyrooms.org/formats.html

-------

In 2020 a large exhibition will show 40 of the Critical Run at the Museum Villa Stuck in Munich / part of the Awareness Muscle Training Center

------

for activating the format or for inviting the installation

please contact 1@colonel.dk

 

www.colonel.dk/

 

-----

 

critical,run,art,format,debate ,artformat,formatart,moment,clarity,emergency,kunst,

 

Sport,effort,curator,artist,urgency,urgence,criticalrun,emergencies,ultracontemporary

,rundebate,sport,art,activism, critic,laufen,Thierry Geoffroy , Colonel,kunstformat

 

,now art,copenhagen,denmark

 

American postcard by Classico San Francisco, no. 233/01. Photo: Universal Pictures. Boris Karloff in Frankenstein (James Whale, 1931).

 

British actor Boris Karloff (1887-1969) is one of the true icons of the Horror cinema. He portrayed Frankenstein's monster in Frankenstein (1931), Bride of Frankenstein (1935), and Son of Frankenstein (1939), which resulted in his immense popularity. In the following decades, he worked in countless Horror films, but also in other genres, both in Europe and Hollywood.

 

Boris Karloff was born William Henry Pratt in 1887 in London, England. Pratt himself stated that he was born in Dulwich, which is nearby in London. His parents were Edward John Pratt, Jr. and his third wife Eliza Sarah Millard. ‘Billy’ never knew his father. Edward Pratt had worked for the Indian Salt Revenue Service and had virtually abandoned his family in far-off England. Edward died when his son was still an infant and so Billy was raised by his mother. He was the youngest of nine children, and following his mother's death was brought up by his elder brothers and sisters. As a child, Billy performed each Christmas in plays staged by St. Mary Magdalene's Church. His first role was that of The Demon King in the pantomime Cinderella. Billy was bow-legged, had a lisp, and stuttered. He conquered his stutter, but not his lisp, which was noticeable throughout his career in the film industry. After his education at private schools, he attended King's College London where he took studies aimed at a career with the British Government's Consular Service. However, in 1909, the 22-year-old left university without graduating and sailed from Liverpool to Canada, where he worked as a farm labourer and did various odd itinerant jobs. In Canada, he began appearing in theatrical performances and chose the stage name Boris Karloff. Later, he claimed he chose ‘Boris’ because it sounded foreign and exotic, and that ‘Karloff’ was a family name. However, his daughter Sara Karloff publicly denied any knowledge of Slavic forebears, Karloff or otherwise. One reason for the name change was to prevent embarrassment to his family. He did not reunite with his family until he returned to Britain to make The Ghoul (T. Hayes Hunter, 1933), opposite Cedric Hardwicke. Karloff was distraught that his family would disapprove of his new, macabre claim to world fame. Instead, his brothers jostled for position around him and happily posed for publicity photographs. In 1911, Karloff joined the Jeanne Russell Company and later joined the Harry St. Clair Co. which performed in Minot, North Dakota, for a year in an opera house above a hardware store. While trying to establish his acting career, Karloff had to perform years of difficult manual labour in Canada and the U.S. to make ends meet. He was left with back problems from which he suffered for the rest of his life. In 1917, he arrived in Hollywood, where he went on to make dozens of silent films. Some of his first roles were in film serials, such as The Masked Rider (Aubrey M. Kennedy, 1919), in Chapter 2 of which he can be glimpsed onscreen for the first time, and The Hope Diamond Mystery (Stuart Paton, 1920). In these early roles, he was often cast as an exotic Arabian or Indian villain. Other silent films were The Deadlier Sex (Robert Thornby, 1920) with Blanche Sweet, Omar the Tentmaker (James Young, 1922), Dynamite Dan (Bruce Mitchell, 1924) and Tarzan and the Golden Lion (J.P. McGowan, 1927) in which James Pierce played Tarzan. In 1926 Karloff found a provocative role in The Bells (James Young, 1926), in which he played a sinister hypnotist opposite Lionel Barrymore. He worked with Barrymore again in his first sound film, the thriller The Unholy Night (Lionel Barrymore, 1929).

 

A key film which brought Boris Karloff recognition was The Criminal Code (Howard Hawks, 1931), a prison drama in which he reprised a dramatic part he had played on stage. With his characteristic short-cropped hair and menacing features, Karloff was a frightening sight to behold. Opposite Edward G. Robinson, Karloff played a key supporting part as an unethical newspaper reporter in Five Star Final (Mervyn LeRoy, 1931), a film about tabloid journalism which was nominated for the Oscar for Best Picture. Karloff's role as Frankenstein's monster in Frankenstein (James Whale, 1931), based on the classic Mary Shelley book, propelled him to stardom. Wikipedia: “The bulky costume with four-inch platform boots made it an arduous role but the costume and extensive makeup produced the classic image. The costume was a job in itself for Karloff with the shoes weighing 11 pounds (5 kg) each.” The aura of mystery surrounding Karloff was highlighted in the opening credits, as he was listed as simply "?." The film was a commercial and critical success for Universal, and Karloff was instantly established as a hot property in Hollywood. Universal Studios was quick to acquire ownership of the copyright to the makeup format for the Frankenstein monster that Jack P. Pierce had designed. A year later, Karloff played another iconic character, Imhotep in The Mummy (Karl Freund, 1932). The Old Dark House (James Whale, 1932) with Charles Laughton, and the starring role in MGM’s The Mask of Fu Manchu (Charles Brabin, 1932) quickly followed. Steve Vertlieb at The Thunder Child: “Wonderfully kinky, the film co-starred young Myrna Loy as the intoxicating, yet sadistic Fah Lo See, Fu Manchu's sexually perverse daughter. Filmed before Hollywood's infamous production code, the film joyously escaped the later scrutiny of The Hayes Office, and remains a fascinating example of pre-code extravagance.” These films all confirmed Karloff's new-found stardom. Horror had become his primary genre, and he gave a string of lauded performances in 1930s Universal Horror films. Karloff reprised the role of Frankenstein's monster in two other films, the sensational Bride of Frankenstein (James Whale, 1935) and the less thrilling Son of Frankenstein (Rowland V. Lee, 1939), the latter also featuring Bela Lugosi. Steve Vertlieb about Bride of Frankenstein: “Whale delivered perhaps the greatest horror film of the decade and easily the most critically acclaimed rendition of Mary Shelley's novel ever released. The Bride of Frankenstein remains a work of sheer genius, a brilliantly conceived and realized take on loneliness, vanity, and madness. The cast of British character actors is simply superb.” While the long, creative partnership between Karloff and Lugosi never led to a close friendship, it produced some of the actors' most revered and enduring productions, beginning with The Black Cat (Edgar G. Ullmer, 1934). Follow-ups included The Raven (Lew Landers, 1935), the rarely seen, imaginative science fiction melodrama The Invisible Ray (Lambert Hillyer, 1936), and The Body Snatcher (Robert Wise, 1945). Karloff played a wide variety of roles in other genres besides Horror. He was memorably gunned down in a bowling alley in Howard Hawks' classic Scarface (1932) starring Paul Muni.. He played a religious First World War soldier in John Ford’s epic The Lost Patrol (1934) opposite Victor McLaglen. Between 1938 and 1940, Karloff starred in five films for Monogram Pictures, including Mr. Wong, Detective (William Nigh, 1938). During this period, he also starred with Basil Rathbone in Tower of London (Rowland V. Lee, 1939) as the murderous henchman of King Richard III, and with Margaret Lindsay in British Intelligence (Terry O. Morse, 1940). In 1944, he underwent a spinal operation to relieve his chronic arthritic condition.

 

Boris Karloff revisited the Frankenstein mythos in several later films, taking the starring role of the villainous Dr. Niemann in House of Frankenstein (Erle C. Kenton, 1944), in which the monster was played by Glenn Strange. He reprised the role of the ‘mad scientist’ in Frankenstein 1970 (Howard W. Koch, 1958) as Baron Victor von Frankenstein II, the grandson of the original creator. The finale reveals that the crippled Baron has given his face (i.e., Karloff's) to the monster. From 1945 to 1946, Boris Karloff appeared in three films for RKO produced by Val Lewton: Isle of the Dead (Mark Robson, 1945), The Body Snatcher (Robert Wise, 1945), and Bedlam (Mark Robson, 1946). Karloff had left Universal because he thought the Frankenstein franchise had run its course. Karloff was a frequent guest on radio programs. In 1949, he was the host and star of the radio and television anthology series Starring Boris Karloff. In 1950, he had his own weekly children's radio show in New York. He played children's music, told stories and riddles, and attracted many adult listeners as well. An enthusiastic performer, he returned to the Broadway stage in the original production of Arsenic and Old Lace (1941), in which he played a homicidal gangster enraged to be frequently mistaken for Karloff. In 1962, he reprised the role on television with Tony Randall and Tom Bosley. He also appeared as Captain Hook in the play Peter Pan with Jean Arthur. In 1955, he returned to the Broadway stage to portray the sympathetic Bishop Cauchon in Jean Anouilh's The Lark. Karloff regarded the production as the highlight of his long career. Julie Harris was his co-star as Joan of Arc in the celebrated play, recreated for live television in 1957 with Karloff, Harris and much of the original New York company intact. For his role, Karloff was nominated for a Tony Award. Karloff donned the monster make-up for the last time for a Halloween episode of the TV series Route 66 (1962), which also featured Peter Lorre and Lon Chaney, Jr. In the 1960s, Karloff appeared in several films for American International Pictures, including The Comedy of Terrors (Jacques Tourneur, 1963) with Vincent Price and Peter Lorre, The Raven (Roger Corman, 1963), The Terror (Roger Corman, 1963) with Jack Nicholson, and Die, Monster, Die! (Daniel Haller, 1965). Another project for American International release was the frightening Italian horror classic, I tre volti della paura/Black Sabbath (Mario Bava, 1963), in which Karloff played a vampire with bone-chilling intensity. He also starred in British cult director Michael Reeves's second feature film, The Sorcerers (1966). He gained new popularity among the young generation when he narrated the animated TV film Dr. Seuss' How the Grinch Stole Christmas (Chuck Jones, Ben Washam. 1966), and provided the voice of the Grinch. Karloff later received a Grammy Award for Best Recording For Children after the story was released as a record. Then he starred as a retired horror film actor in Targets (Peter Bogdanovich, 1968), Steve Vertlieb: “Targets was a profoundly disturbing study of a young sniper holding a small Midwestern community, deep in the bible belt, terrifyingly at bay. The celebrated subplot concerned the philosophical dilemma of creating fanciful horrors on the screen, while the graphic, troubling reality was eclipsing the superficiality so tiredly repeated by Hollywood. Karloff co-starred, essentially as himself, an aged horror star named Byron Orlok, who wants simply to retire from the imagined horrors of a faded genre, only to come shockingly to grips with the depravity and genuine terror found on America's streets. Bogdanovich's first film as a director won praise from critics and audiences throughout the world community, and won its elder star the best, most respectful notices of his later career.”. In 1968, he played occult expert Professor Marsh in the British production Curse of the Crimson Altar (Vernon Sewell, 1968), which was the last Karloff film to be released during his lifetime. He ended his career by appearing in four low-budget Mexican horror films, which were released posthumously. While shooting his final films, Karloff suffered from emphysema. Only half of one lung was still functioning and he required oxygen between takes. he contracted bronchitis in 1968 and was hospitalized. In early 1969, he died of pneumonia at the King Edward VII Hospital, Midhurst, in Sussex, at the age of 81. Boris Karloff married five times and had one child, daughter Sara Karloff, by his fourth wife.

 

Sources: Steve Vertlieb (The Thunder Child), Wikipedia, and IMDb.